Engironment Functions of the environment globo! warming. cause of 9-lobat warming Factors that may. be contributing. to global ane F to gto main effect of global warming. ozone depletion couse of ozone clepletion main effects of ozone depletion Moartreal Protocol India, Fas abundant nortural resources The black soil of the Deccan Plateau Inclia’s environmental problems a "Dichotomy" p pose Challenges to India’s EnytronmentCourses of Lane clog radtart ion Degraclartion of Forests or Deforestartion Soil Erosion Biocliversity Loss Air Pollution Palle tion Control Boards Sustainable Degelopment Custainable Development aims How to Achiase Custcinablle Dagelopment Strarteg.ies for Sustainable DageloprentThe main gente issues faced b Pa pen economy. The econamic clagelapen we faye achiaged so far fas come at a very fecasy price at the cost of engironmertal quality. AS we chp into an err of globatiscrtion that promises higher economic Fresyeoces ot tte past asolapront pa consequences on or aetna and cofscioust choose a path of sustainable dosolopmont. To understand the unsustainable path of dlaselopment that we hage taken and the Go jleyes of sustainable clase lope, we hage to first understand the significance ancl contribution of environment to economic dlegelopment.Meaning. of Engirorment: * Engironmert is defined as the total planetary inferitance and the totality of alll resources. © Tt includes all the biotic and abiotic factors thart influence each other. Biotic elements: Biotic elements include al) Liging elements Like birds, animals and plants, forest§ fisheries, etc. Abiotic elements Abiotic elements include non—Liging- ellernents Like air, warter, land, etc. Functions of the engéronment * Progidles resources for production © Engironment assimilartes waste * Enyironment sustains Life * It prasices aesthetic sensices © The engirorment is able to perform these functions without any interruption as long as clernandl on these functions is within its Carrying Capacity.Carrying Capacity’ implies tuo things: (0) Resources extraction shoxld remain below the rate of resource regeneration. (2) Generorticn of waste shold remain within the absorption capacity of the ensirorment. © Tf these two condition ave nat fulfilled, then environment fails to perform its ytal function of Life sustenance. It leads to the situation of ‘Environmental Crisis. Global warming. sCilobal warming. Ls the absenged and rojected Jncrease in the average temperccture of Corts atmosphere andl oceans. a eDuring the past century, the atmospheric tempercrture fas risen by 11 °F (06 °O andl sea Lavell fas risen sagerad inches. Cause of globe! warming 2 The global warming. is due to increase in the areentouse gas concentrations, Like worter vapour, carbon dioxide, methane ancl ozone in the artmasphere.Factors that may be contributing. to g-llobaL warming. are: * Burning. of coal and petrofaun products (Cources of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone) Deforestation eMethane gas relorted in animal waste. eIncreased cattle production, which cartributes to deforestertion, Methane production and use of fassil fuels. Main effects of globe! warming. Tce is melting. worldwide, especially at the earthis poles. Tt fas Jedto a steep rise in sea legel and coastal wrtee are thousands of species Like polo becurs) in danger of becoming. extinct forager. eHurricanes ane other tropical storms cwre Likely to become Stronger. *Increased incidence of tropical Aiseases, Like Motaria, Cholera, Dengue, Chikungunyc, etc. Ozone cleplet.ion Ozone depletion refers to destruction of ozone in the ozone layer clive to presence of chilorine from man-made chlorof kearacarbons (CFCs) ancl other forces.Methane emissions per animal/human per year 120kg 60kg 8kg 1.5kg 0.12kg * * ran { Westem cattle Non-western cattle Sheep Pig Human SOURCE: Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space ScienceCause of Ozone Depletion +The problem of ozone depletion is caused by high fesels of chlorine and bromine compounds in t stratagphere. +The orig.in of these campaunds is. + OC which is used as cooling. substances in AC and refrigercttars: or — Perasal propellants and Bromoflucrocerbons (havtons), which is used in fire extinguishers. Main Effects of Ozone Depletion More whtrasiolet (UV) racicrtion cames to earth and causes damage to Living organisms. *UV radlicrtion seems to be responsible for Skin Cancer in fuuman bein’ °UV radlicrtion Lowers production of phytoplankton, which affects ather aquatic organisms. *UV radlicrtion can also inftuence the grourth of terrestriod plants.Montreal Protocol *As the ozone layer pragents most harmful wageleng-ths of wttrasiolet Light fram passing. through the earthis atmosphere, its depletion has goleraited tor bel ricle concer. eTt fas led! to adaption of the Montreal Pratocal’ Montreal Protocol is a fustoricad erty designed by the members of United Nortions to protect the ozone layer by phasing act FC, which is supposed to be mein recy for ozone depletion. Undler Montreal Protocol: eAlll ‘the signing. members oe to freeze the consumption and production of OC by the year 2013. etndlig signect the Montreal Protocol along. with its Londlan Amenimenct on 17.09.1992. sTt fas significantiy rechuced the burclen of FCs in the stroctagphere and helped in ozone recagery.Indic fas abundant natural resources in terms of — Rich quality of sail _, Hundireds of rigers and tributaries — Lush green forests — Plenty of mineral deposits, etc. The black soil of the Deccan Plerteau: = Particularly suitable for cuttigartion of cotton, feacling to concentrertion of textile industries in this region: °The Indo- Gang etic cing spread from the Arcubian Cea to the Bay of Bengal are one of the mast fertile, intensively cultivated and densely popu torte reg.tons in the wor del. eIndia’s forests, though unagenty. distribyted, provide reen coger for a majority of its poputertion ancl nactura! cages for £ts wildlife. sLarge clepasits of iron-ore, coal and natural gas are foundl in the country. Inclia atone accounts for nearly 20% of the world's total iron-ore resenges. *Bouxite, copper, chromerte, dicrnondls, gale, lead, Lignite, manganese, Zinc, uranium, etc. are also available in'different ports of the country.India’s environmental problems pose a "Dichotomy" sPoserty is causing engirormentalt leg racertion. *Affluence in Living. standards is causing. endgLronmental degra: ction. Challenges to Tnelia's Enitironment The priority issues identified ore: sLandl Degractartion *Degradortion of Forests or Deforestart.ion Corl Erosion + Biodiversity Loss Air Pollution Land Deg ractartion Land degradation refers to a decline in the oseratl quality of soil, worter or uopeeesian condition, commonly caused by fuuman actigities. Causes of Land deg radortion sLoss of vegetartion due to clefarestartion. sOgergrazin *Encroactment into forest londs. *Non-adoption of adlequorte soil consengert.ion measures. *Unsustoinable fuel wood and fodder extraction. *Impraper crop rotertion. *Indliscriminarte wse of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides.Causes of Sand cdeg-racdtortion “Improper planning and management of irrigation 8 sExtraction of ground worter in excess of the recharge capacity. sPoserty of the agricutture-depencent people. eChuf tung cuttagortion. Come Facts and Figures abaet Land Degradation sAccording to Inclian Agriculture in Brief, 24th ectittion, 2000, about 174 million fectawres (Le, 53 percent of the total land aren) of Land in Indic is f acing the serious problem of Jancl Sep reetacion Out of 174 million hectarés: °144 million hectares is subjected to sail erasion through water and winck anc + Ballance 30 million hectares is subjected to other problems. Degradation of Forests or Defarestaction Deforestation ingalses the permanent destruction of incligenaus forests and woodlands. *Tt refers to cutting, clearing and remogal of rainforest, where land is thereafter congerted to a non-farest Wse.Deg-radtertion of Forests or Deforestation *The per capita forestland in the country is only 0.08 hectare agounst the requirement of 0.47 hectare to meet basic needs. “There are ery Serious and dangerous consequences of forest depletion Like chances of mare floods, soil erosion, feasy sittartion of dans andl changes in climarte. Soil Erosion *Coil erosion takes piece when the surface soil is washed away ‘throug excessive rains and foods. *Deforestartion is one of the major reason for soil erosion. *As per the estimates, soil is being eroded art a rarte of 53 billion tonnes a yeaw. 2As a result, country tases 08 million tonnes of nictrogen, 18 million tonnes of phosphorus ancl 263 million ‘tonne’ of potassium agery year. Biodugersity Lass *Biorliversity is defined as the variability amon: Living organisms from atl sources, incducbin terrestrial, marine and other oguattie ecosystems andl the icc.) complexes of which they are a part. econsengertion and sustainable use of biodiversity is funclamental to ecologically sustainable clagelopment. *Bindiversity floss has serious economic anc social costs,threc the destruction of their habitat ond ager °As mar lant andl animal species are severe! exploctartion of resources. Aur Pollution Air pollution is the peeve of morteriods in air in such concentrertion, which awe farmful to man and the eng.tronment. Air pollution is widespread in urban areas where wehicles are the major contributors. hee A concentration of industries ancl thermal power plan The number of motor yehicles increased fram 3 Lakh in 1951 to 6.7 crores in 2003 and 14.18 crores in 2011. *India is one of the ten most industrialised nations of the wor del. e This achiagement comes with unwanted and unanticipated consequences Like unplanned urbanisation, pollution and the risk of accidents. Wows to contrat air pollution Come of the ways to control air pollution *Pramotion of public Pronapor Like use of Delhi Metro instead of prisarte vefiicies. Steps showlel be taken for effective traffic planning and mana rt, *Pramotion of cleaner fwels in vehicles, Like use of CNG instead of petrol and diesel.eUse of cleaner fuels such as LPG in fiowsefalels to reduce indoor air pollution. Promotion of cleaner technalog jes, strengthening. of emission Standards, introducing economic incentisges anc streng-thening. of the monitoring. and reporting. system, Pollution Control Boards eIn order to adkelress worter and air pollution in Inclicr, the government set up the Contra! Pollution Cortral Board (PCB) in 1974. This was followed by states establishing their own state Jagel boards to address all the environmental concerns. Main Functions of Pollution Control Boayrels “Investigate, collect and disseminate information alte worter, aur and fand pollution, fay down standards for sewage/trade effluent andl emissions. *Pragide technical assistance to gogernments in promoting. cleanLiness of streams and wells by presention, cortral and abertement of worter and cir pollution in the country. scarry out andl sponsor ingestigation andl research, sellocting. to problems of worter and air pollution anc for their pragention, contral or abatement. “Prepare manuals codes and gy idelines relort.ing. to treatment anct disposal of swage and trade effluents. eAssess the cuir quewlity through requ lection of industries.Sustainable Development *Custainable degelopment is the deselopment, which will allow all future generations to faye a potential average qty of Life, thet is, at least as high, which is being. enjoyect by the current generation. *For economists, a deselopment path is sustainable, if the stock of agerall capital assets remains constant or rises ager time. +The term Sustainable daselopment fas its origin in the International Union for the Consengaction of NorturaL Resources (IUCN) 1980 Warlel Commission Strategy report. sAccoreling. to the commission, sustainable daselopment refers to the dagelopment, that meets the need for the present, withot compromising. the ability of {uture generations, to meet their oh needs. Sustainable Daselopment aims eCustainable and equitable use of resources, to meet the needs of the present and fucture genercrt.ions, withoct causing damage to engsronment; *To pragent further damage to aur Life-support 8 . *To conserge and nurture the biodisersity and other resources for long—term food security.How ta Achiase Sustainable Dagelopment? Restrict use of renewcblle resources eCubstitute Non-renewable with Renewable Resources sCortrol pollution *Control the grousth of poputartion Strategies for Sustainable Dageloprnent * Use of Non-conyertional sources of energy ese of cleaner fuel *Establistment of mini-rydel plants sTraclitional knowledge and practices *Use of Bin-compostEconomic development actiased so far has adloptect various techniques which fae prover f Farmfuct io te environment in which we reside in. T ring aod. for sustainable daselopmert which ais “ot solopreart which does not fase a negertise impact on the ongbronment. At the core of iden of Sustainabilit BS the mortter of meetin: fee nple's needs far fame, job etc. Tf we dln't take care oof fe engironment in. which we Lise now, we won't hase anything to lease behind ws for future generert.ions