Sustainable Development Lecture TwoSustainability: Definition * Oxford dictionary> “the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level’. * Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. * Sustainable Engineering> “the practice of designing products and processes that drive material and energy efficiencies to minimize their environmental impact while cutting costs and improving the bottom line. ”The Tragedy of the Commons Ione or more users increase the use of the commons beyond its carrying capacity, the commons becomes. practices, eventually the degraded. The cost of the land will be degradation is incurred by allusers.Number of earths/its resources needed if the world’s Tragedy of commons me World Is Not Enough * Individual acting independently and rationally according to each’s self interest and behave contrary to the best interest of the whole group by depleting some common resource. population lived lke the following countries 5. A a 2 6 og w Sw » 666 eo Braz Indonesia *@@G@@ "200 °@O4 ith Germany UK chine USA Denmark Sou sed on 2022 Earth Overshoot ays/2018 data statista % Selected counties. Source: Global Foor ©O0Limit to the Growth and Carrying Capacity Malthus 1798 QuanmTyLimit to the Growth and Carrying Capacity . ion i World Overshoot Scenarios One Solution is to use the sop _Autey ealncg senncobeionon technological advances to increase * the amount of the prosperity per unit resource. 200 $ 2s Usual, or 150 + limiting the growth may lead to overuse of the finite resources ! 100 world canyving Capacity ELIF III PLSThree pillars of Sustainability Sustainability Environmental Economic© peveopnent GALSHeath Planet Heath People a INCREMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS / SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATION Path Forward ee ee ee * a * Once there is an intension to pursue S a @ 2 sustainability, there is a clear need to wrevome ureway identify an approach to the problem that a ® is evolved from previous approaches =Energy Efficient LightingEnergy Efficient Lighting * Luminosity of 100 W incandescent > 30 W fluorescent 15 W LED. * Higher offcieney site for environment. i (Greater Enepaes gs) (tttEnergy Efficient Lighting * Technology may become more efficient, but the overall impact may not Increase. * Greater efficiency per unit encourages consumption. * Human behavior and Economics negated the benefits of the engineering innovations 1.00605 1.00608 1.006408 1.00602 1.00601 1.006400 1.006-01 Jeo 1.006-02 1.006-03 1.006-04 1.006-05 CE SELES Year seem += Per capita ight ‘consumption (Mimhiyr) seedhees Per capita luminous energy consumption (wel) Luminous effacy ime) a Cost fight (stim) == Total energy use (Pwehiyr)Sustainable TransportationSustainable TransportationSustainable Transportation C02 Emissions by Economic Sector a o% Electricity and heat production Manufacturing and constuction Transport = Residental, Other CO2 Emissions by the Transport Sector 4%, = Ae Ges 0% a, Automobiles = Trucks = Aviation = Marine = RailwaysSustainable Transportation ail 4 are aBiofuel * Biofuel are superior to fossil fuels environmentally. * The main source is renewable resource (sun, water, and plant). We TL + Zero net emission of Co2. However, it is not that simple...!Challenges * It is based on intensive Agriculture ( Needs non-renewable resources). + Deforestation to increase the land area ... * Increase in Co2 more than using fossil fuel. + Increase in the prices of corn.Development of Technology 2. tft across spatial slesSustainable Design Strategies + Low-impact materials: Choose non-toxic, sustainably produced or recycled materials which require little energy to process. PLASTIC cry stbSustainable Design + Energy efficiency: Use manufacturing processes and produce products which require less energy.Sustainable Design + Emotionally Durable Design: Reduce consumption and waste of resources by increasing the durability of relationships between people and products, through design.Sustainable Design + Biomimicry: "redesigning industrial systems on biological lines ... enabling the constant reuse of materials in continuous closed cycles...” + the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature in design, engineering, and science primarily for finding new solutions to scientific or technological challenges. + The biomimicry has given rise to new technologies created from biologically inspired engineering at both the macro scale and nanoscale levels. In fact, humans have been looking at nature for answers to both complex and simple problems throughout world history.+ The Eastgate Centre, a mid-rise office complex in Harare, Zimbabwe stays cool without air conditioning and uses only 10% of the energy of a conventional building its size.