Exercise 4.

1, Module 4 (Introduction to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, CE 412)

Problem 1

When the person stands in the center of the floor system shown, he causes a
Deflection of 0.2 in. of floor under his feet. He walks (or runs quickly) in the
same area, how many steps per second would cause the floor to vibrate with
the greatest vertical amplitude
 ust= 0.2 in. ,
 No. of steps per second to produce max vibration

amplitude in vertical direction = ?

Solution

𝑊 in.
1 𝑘 1 𝑢 1 𝑔 1 32.2 ∗ 12
𝑓 = = = = s
2𝜋 𝑚 2𝜋 𝑊 2𝜋 𝑢 2𝜋 (0.2 in. )
𝑔
= 7 cylcles/sec

Problem 2

A fixed-fixed steel beam, of length 5 m, width 0.5 m, and thickness 0.1 m,

carries an electric motor of mass 75 kg and speed 1200 rpm at its mid-span, as
shown in Figure. A rotating force of magnitude Po = 5000 N is developed due
to the unbalance in the motor. Find the amplitude of steady-state vibrations by
disregarding the mass of the beam. What will be the amplitude if the mass of the
beam is considered by replacing with a mass lumped at the center equal to 25%
of actual distributed mass. Take E = 207 Gpa, ζ= 0 and γ = 76.5 kN/m3 for steel

 L= 5m , b=0.5 m, t=0.1 m
 mmotor=75 kg , ω= 1200 rev/min = 1200*2π rad/(60 s) = 126 rad/s, Po= 5000 N
 E = 207 Gpa and γ = 76.5 kN/m3 for steel

Solution

Total lumped mass, m= mmotor+0.25* mbeam

mbeam = W/g= (γV)/g

⇒ m = mmotor+0.25* (γV)/g = 75+0.25*(76500 N/m3)*(5 m*0.6m*0.1m)/(9.81 m/s2) = 562.4 kg

k= 192EI/L3= 192*(207*109 N/m2)*(0.5*0.13/12 m4)/(5m)3= 13.26*106 N/m

 Exercise 4.1, Module 4 (Introduction to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, CE 412)

N
13.26 ∗ 10
𝜔 = 𝑘 m
𝑚= 562.4 kg = 154 rad/s

𝜔 126
𝑟 = = = 0.82
𝜔 154

𝑝 1 5000N 1
𝑢 = = 6 = 1.15 ∗ 10 m = 1.15 mm
𝑘 |1 − 𝑟 | 13.26 ∗ 10 N/m |1 − 0.82 |

Problem 3

If the electric motor of Problem 2 is to be mounted at the free end of a steel

cantilever beam of length 5 m , and the amplitude of vibration is to be limited to
0.5 cm, find the necessary thickness of the beam. Include the mass of the beam
in the computations

 L= 5m , b=0.5 m,
 mmotor=75 kg , ω= 126 rad/s, Po= 5000 N
 E = 207 Gpa and γ = 76.5 kN/m3 for steel
 t=? for (up)o ≤ 0.5 cm = 0.005 m

Solution

Total lumped mass, m= mmotor+0.25* mbeam=75+ 0.25(γV)/g

M = 75+0.25*(76500 N/m3)*(5 m*0.6m*t)/(9.81 m/s2) = 75+5849t kg

𝑢 = | |
….. 𝟏

𝜔 126 𝜔 126 17876𝑚 17876 ∗ (75 + 5849𝑡)

𝑟 = = ⇒ 𝑟 = = = =
𝜔 𝜔 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
𝑘 𝑚
𝑚

1.19 ∗ 10 + 92.86 ∗ 10 𝑡
⇒ 𝑟 =
𝑘

𝑝 1 5000 1
𝐄𝐪𝐧 𝟏: 𝑢 = ⇒ 0.005 = ∗
𝑘 |1 − 𝑟 | 𝑘 1.19 ∗ 10 + 92.86 ∗ 10 𝑡
1−
𝑘
Exercise 4.1, Module 4 (Introduction to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, CE 412)

1 1 1
⇒ 10 = ∗ or 10 =
𝑘 𝑘 − 1.19 ∗ 10 + 92.86 ∗ 10 𝑡 𝑘 − 1.19 ∗ 10 + 92.86 ∗ 10 𝑡
𝑘

or 𝑘 − 1.19 ∗ 10 + 92.86 ∗ 10 𝑡 = 10 ⇒ 𝑘 + 92.86 ∗ 10 𝑡 − 2.19 ∗ 10 = 0 …. 𝟐

N 𝑡
3𝐸𝐼 3 ∗ 207 ∗ 10 m ∗ 0.6 ∗ 12
𝑘= = = 248.4 ∗ 10 𝑡
𝑙 (5m)

𝐄𝐪𝐧 𝟐: 248.4 ∗ 10 𝑡 + 92.86 ∗ 10 𝑡 − 2.19 ∗ 10 = 0

By solving we get t= -0.9,-0.024 and 0.623 ∴ t =0.623m =623 mm

Problem 4
A machine mounted on an isolated foundation is subjected to a harmonic force. The
amplitude of displacement is found to be 20 mm at resonance and 10 mm at a frequency
0.75 times the resonant frequency. Find the damping ratio of the isolation system.

Solution
(a) Resonance condition

Disp. Resonance frequency=𝜔 1 − 2𝜁

Assuming the system is lightly damped. For damping ratio less than 20% 1 − 2𝜁 ≈
1 & Disp. Resonance frequency ≈ 𝜔

Resonance occur when ω = Resonant frequency ⇒ rω at resonance = ω/ ωn=1

𝑢 1 1 1
𝑅 = = = =
(𝑢 ) [1 − 𝑟 ] + [2𝜁𝑟 ] [1 − 1 ] + [2𝜁. 1] 2𝜁

20
m 0.02 1
1000 = = ……….. 𝟏
(𝑢 ) (𝑢 ) 2𝜁

(b) ω2 = 0.75* resonant frequency =0.75 ωn1 , uo2= 10 mm=0.01 m

rω2 =ω2/ ωn= 0.75 ωn / ωn= 0.75
 Exercise 4.1, Module 4 (Introduction to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, CE 412)

𝑢 1
𝑅 = =
(𝑢 ) [1 − 0.75 ] + [2 ∗ 𝜁 ∗ 0.75]
0.01 1
⇒ = ………𝟐
(𝑢 )
0.19 + 2.25𝜁

Dividing 1 by 2 and solving we get ζ =0.118= 11.8% < 20%, as assumed ⇒ OK

Problem 5

The steel frame shown in figure is subjected to a horizontal harmonic force at

the mass level, p(t)=2000 Sin 5.3t lb. Assuming 5% of critical damping,
determine amplitude of the dynamic displacement and corresponding
equivalent static force.
Take E= 29,000 ksi and I= 69.2 in4 . Assume that flexural stiffness of girder is
too high as compared to connected column
 E = 29000 ksi and I = 92.2 in4
 p(t)=2000 Sin 5.3t lb ⇒ po= 2000 lb and, ω = 5.3rad/s
 ζ = 5%, Girder’s stiffness is too high as compared to columns ⇒ Rotation at beam- column
joint is negligible and joints can be idealized as guided supports

Solution

k = 2*3EI/h3= 6EI/h3= 6*(29000 ksi)*(69.2 in 4)/(15*12 in)3= 2.06 k/in

𝑘 𝑘𝑔 (2.06 k/in) ∗ (32.2 ∗ 2 in/s )

𝜔= 𝑚 = 𝑊 = 15 k = 7.3 rad/s

𝜔 5.3
𝑟 = = = 0.73
𝜔 7.3

𝑢 1 𝑢 1
𝑅 = = ⇒𝑝 =
(𝑢 ) [1 − 𝑟 ] + [2𝜁𝑟 ] [1 − 0.73 ] + [2 ∗ 0.05 ∗ 0.73]
𝑘

2.12 𝑝 2.12 ∗ 2 k
⇒𝑢 = 𝑘 = 2.06 k/in. = 2.06 in.

k
⇒ 𝑓 = 𝑘𝑢 = 2.06 ∗ 2.06 in. = 4.24 k
in.