Reporters:

Arah Mae Atencio

Erin Baena

Alexes joy Barojabo

Chesly Calixtro

Arianne Cerenado
What is PLOT?
 Plot is the carefully structured sequence of events that
make up the storyline of a narrative, whether it be a novel,
short play, play, or any other form of storytelling. It serves as
the framework on which the entire work is built. A typical plot
consist of five key elements:

 Exposition
 Inciting Incident
 Rising Action
 Climax
 Falling Action
 Resolution
 = PARTS OF PLOT =

I. Introduction VI. Climax

II. Exposition VII. Falling Action

III. Prologue VIII. Resolution/Denouement

IV. Inciting Incident IX. CODA or Conclusion

V. Rising Action X. Epilogue

 INTRODUCTION

It is the beginning section in a story or narrative that introduces

the main characters, sets the story’s setting, and presents the
initial situation. Its primary purpose is to provide readers with
essential information to understand the narrative. It differs from
other plot elements in that it focuses on creating a foundation for
the story, without introducing the central conflict or heightened
tension found in later stages like the inciting incident, rising
action, and climax. The introduction’s role is to establish
familiarity and context for the reader, setting the stage for the
events that will follow in the plot.
 EXPOSITION

In a story, it serves to provide additional context, depth,

and background information. It delves into characters’
pasts, relationships, and the world’s history, enriching
the narrative. Unlike other plot elements that drive the
central conflict or build tension, the exposition’s primary
role is to offer a deeper understanding of the story’s
world and characters, contributing to the overall
complexity of the narrative or story.
 PROLOGUE

A separate introductory section of a literary work that

comes before the main narrative. It sets the stage for the
story or provides background information about the
characters, setting, or events. Prologues are commonly
found in books, plays, and other literary works,
particularly in fiction.
 INCITING INCIDENT

An event that hooks the viewer into the story and

sets everything else that happens into motion.
This moment is when an event thrusts the
protagonist into the main action of the story.
 RISING ACTION

The narrative segment that follows the incident

expands on the central conflict, increasing tension
and causing the story forward through happenings,
challenges, and character developments, engaging
readers through decisions and increasing the
narrative's quickly.
 CLIMAX

It is the most intense and critical point in a

narrative, resolving the central conflict and
determining the story's outcome. It stands out
with high-stakes decision-making and emotional
drama, defining the narrative's direction.
 FALLING ACTION

The part that follows the climax and comes just before
resolution. Its primary purpose is to ease the narrative’s
tension, tie up loose ends, and explore the consequences
of the critical events that occurred during the climax.
The falling action focuses on providing closure to the central
conflicts and gradually winding down the narrative. This
segment serves as a bridge between the climax and the
resolution, offering readers a deeper understanding of the
story’s aftermath.
 RESOLUTION

In a story, it is the final part that follows the climax and the
falling action, and its primary role is to provide closure. It
answers the central questions and reveals the ultimate
outcomes of the central conflicts, offering clarity and finality
to the narrative. Unlike the introduction, which sets the
story’s foundation, the resolution is focused on bringing the
story to a satisfying conclusion, often providing insight
into the characters’ futures after the main events.
 CODA OR CONCLUSION

It serves as the final segment of the main narrative in a story,

offering definitive closure to central conflicts, character arcs,
and thematic elements. Unlike the rising action or climax, which
build and resolve tension, the coda focuses on providing a
comprehensive sense of closure and clarity. It reveals the
characters’ long-term destinies and reinforces the story’s
central themes. This segment ensures that readers leave the
story with a clear understanding of its outcomes and themes
and is a standard part of most narratives.
 EPILOGUE

Epilogue in a story is found in after the main narrative,

typically located at the very end. Its primary purpose is to
provide readers with a glimpse into the characters’ lives well
into the future, offering a sense of their ultimate destinies.
Unlike the other parts of a plot, the epilogue focuses on
projecting the long-term consequences of the story’s events,
often providing further closure and insight into the characters’
lives. It serves as an optional, reflective addendum that
enriches the reader’s understanding of the story’s themes and
characters beyond the main narrative’s immediate conclusion.
Thank you !
 = Prologue =

It is a separate introductory section of a literary

work that comes before the main narrative. It sets Example:
the stage for the story or provides background
information about the characters, setting, or events.
Prologues are commonly found in books, plays, and
other literary works, particularly in fiction.
 INCITING INCIDENT

A pivotal event that occurs early on in a story, introducing

the central conflict and disrupting the protagonist’s ordinary
life. It serves as the catalyst that propels the plot forward,
creating a clear goal or problem that the protagonist must
address. The inciting incident is the trigger that sets the
entire plot in motion, marking the beginning of the
protagonist’s journey.
 PROLOGUE

It is an introductory section that precedes the main narrative and

serves to provide context, background information, or a teaser for
the story. It can offer historical events, key characters, or create a
sense of mystery. What sets a prologue apart from other plot
elements is its separate placement before the main story begins,
often offering a distinct perspective or timeframe that enriches the
reader’s understanding without directly advancing the central plot.
 CATALYST

Catalyst in a story is a pivotal event, action, or revelation that

occurs after the inciting incident , intensifying the central conflict
and pushing the plot forward. Unlike climax, which represents the
story’s peak of tension, the catalyst’s primary role is to create new
challenges and dilemmas for the characters, driving the narrative
into a more complex and urgent phase. This sets it apart from the
resolution or denouement, which provide closure and reflection,
making the catalyst a crucial element for advancing the storyline
and deepening the central conflict.
 RISING ACTION

The narrative segment that follows the inciting incident,

and its primary role is to build upon the central conflict,
intensify tension, and propel the story forward. It consists
of a series of events, challenges, and character
developments that engage readers as they witness the
characters’ choices and the unfolding complexities
of the plot. The rising action is marked by action, decision-
making, and the increasing urgency of the narrative.
 CLIMAX

It is the part where it is most intense and critical point, and

usually near the end of the narrative. Its primary role is to
resolve the central conflict and determine the story’s outcome.
It stands apart from other plot elements by featuring
high-stakes decision-making and heightened emotional and
dramatic elements, making it the turning point that defines
the narrative’s direction. The climax represents the narrative’s
peak of tension and importance.
 DENOUEMENT

in a story the denouement is an optional final segment that

follows the climax and falling action. Its primary purpose is to
offer additional insights into the characters’ futures or explore the
broader implications of the narrative’s central conflicts. The
denouement provides a moment of reflection and examination of
long-term consequences. It goes beyond the immediate closure
provided by the resolution, offering a sense of finality and enriching
the reader’s understanding of the story’s characters and themes.
 CODA OR CONCLUSION

It serves as the final segment of the main narrative in a story, offering

definitive closure to central conflicts, character arcs, and thematic
elements. Unlike the rising action or climax, which build and resolve
tension, the coda focuses on providing a comprehensive sense of
closure and clarity. It reveals the characters’ long-term destinies and
reinforces the story’s central themes, setting it apart from the
denouement, which can be optional. This segment ensures that
readers leave the story with a clear understanding of its outcomes and
themes and is a standard part of most narratives.
Extra
• Foreshadowing -
This involves subtle clues or hints early in the story that suggest the future events. It adds
layers to the narrative. The reactions of the readers or viewer could vary from boredom to
anticipation because of foreshadowing. Can be found in the introduction and rising action.

• Flashback –
A narrative device that takes the reader back in time to a previous event offering insights
into a character’s past or a crucial moment in the plot. Helps readers or viewers have more
context on the story and sometimes could help the story have more depth into it. Flashbacks are
often used by writers in the rising action and falling action
• Parallel Plot -
It is a storytelling technique that involves the simultaneous unfolding of multiple
interrelated storylines alongside the main plot. It adds depth and complexity by exploring
different characters, themes, or perspectives, often creating contrast, suspense, and thematic
depth in the narrative. Parallel plot is kind of a subplot too. A famous example is “ Games of
Thrones”, which weaves together various character arcs and locations.

• Subplot –
A secondary storyline within a narrative that runs alongside the main plot. Subplots
involve different characters, events, or themes but are connected to the central story. They are
used to add depth, complexity, and thematic richness to the overall narrative, often providing
contrast, suspense, and additional character development.
• Open Ending-
A narrative conclusion in literature, film, or other storytelling mediums that intentionally
leaves unresolved questions or ambiguity. It doesn’t provide a definitive or conclusive outcome
for the story’s centrals elements, leaving room for interpretation and speculation by the
audience. Open endings are often used to provoke thought, discussion, or a sense of mystery,
allowing the audience to imagine possible outcomes or consequences.

• Closed Ending –
A closed ending, also known as a resolved ending, is a storytelling technique where a
narrative concludes with all major plot points resolved and questions answered. It provides a
definitive and clear conclusion to the story’s central elements, offering a sense of closure and
finality to the audience, without leaving room for ambiguity or speculation. Closed endings are
often used in stories that aim to provide a satisfying resolution to the plot.