Grade 12

VISUAL
ARTS
Contemporary art form of the day
 topic outline
Definition of Visual Art

3 Art Classifications

3 Types of Visual Art

Periods in History of Philippine Visual Arts

Top 10 Most Famous Filipino Artists and their

Masterworks
VISUAL ARTS definition

, , ,
Ceramics drawing painting sculpture printing design crafts , , , ,
, ,
photography video filmmaking and architecture are all ,
.
examples of visual arts Some art forms performing arts ( ,
, )
conceptual art textile arts have features of both visual and

,
other forms of arts therefore these classifications should not

be interpreted too literally .

,
Applied arts such as industrial design graphic design fashion ,
, ,
design interior design and decorative art are also included in

the visual arts .

VISUAL ARTS definition

, , , ,
Fine art as well as applied decorative and craft arts are now

" ,"
included in the term visual arts but prior to the Arts and Crafts

Movement at the beginning of the twentieth century in the

, " "
United Kingdom the term artist was typically used to refer to

( ,
someone who worked in the fine arts painting sculpture or ,
) , ,
printing rather than the handicraft craft or applied art media .
3 TYPES OF visual
art

. ,
There are countless forms of art When it comes to visual arts

there are generally 3 :

types

decorative ,
commercial ,
and fine art .
Because decorative arts are both functional
1. DECORATIVE
,
and attractive they are sometimes overlooked

as art forms.
Objects produced for the interiors of buildings

and interior design are included under the

,
decorative arts although architecture is not

normally included .
Everyday objects can be included in decorative

,
arts although they are distinct from mass -
.
produced versions of these items An object

must be handcrafted by a skilled artisan or

craftswoman to be considered decorative art .

 ,
Commercial art like decorative arts can be

both functional and beautiful Commercial art .

, 2. Commercial
,
is a creative service which is created for

,
commercial purposes such as advertising .

Commercial art is used to promote the sale

,
and interest of services products and ideas , .
Brands and businesses will commission

commercial art to communicate something

specific to an audience .

The commercial arts can include graphic

, ,
design photography illustration animation , ,
, ,
printmaking television fashion design visual ,
,
effects industrial design and motion graphics , .
 3. fine art
Fine art is a style of art that is developed

.
primarily to be aesthetically beautiful This

definition distinguishes and elevates fine art

above those decorative and commercial arts ,

which also serve some practical function High .
art allows for the full expression and display of

’ ,
an artist s imagination unrestricted by any

commercial or practical considerations such

as functionality.

While the fine arts as a collective can include

,
seven forms of art the fine visual arts are

traditionally limited to three visual arts :

, , .
painting sculpture and architecture However ,
broader interpretations of the fine visual arts

would expand to include drawing .

3 CLASSIFICATION
OF ART VISUAL ARTS

What are the three art classifications ?

,
Across all the visual arts three classifications

.
are used to describe an artwork Whether

-
the artwork is two dimensional or three -
,
dimensional it will always fall under one of

these three main types .

 1. Representational Art

Any artwork that shows recognizable

subjects is referred to as

.
representational art The most

frequently acknowledged and

recognized art is representational or

realistic art.
Representational art includes the

.
3 classifications
majority of older and classical art

,
Leonardo da Vinci Vincent Van Goh ,
, ,
of art Michelangelo Edward Hopper and Frida

Kahlo are examples of representational

artists .
 2. Abstract Art

-
Abstract art uses real world subjects or

inspiration and presents them in ways

that are different from how we see

.
them in our daily lives Despite its fast

,
popularity abstraction is still a

misunderstood art form that is just

roughly 200 years old .

3 classifications ,
Georges Braque Mark Rothko Henri

,
,

of art
Mattise and Jasper Johns are examples

of abstract artists .
 3. Non-objective Art

-
Non objective art takes nothing from

.
reality It may be mistaken for

abstraction but differs because there is

. , -
no basis in reality Instead non objective

,
art uses the elements materials and ,
principles of art in a way that creates

visually stimulating work .

-
3 classifications
Examples of non objective artists include

,
Jackson Pollock Wassily Kandinsky Piet ,
of art ,
Mondrian and Sonia Delaunay .
PERIODS IN in the
HISTORY OF philippines

VISUAL ARTS
-
Pre Colonial Period

Spanish Colonial Period

American Colonial Period

Japanese Colonial Period

Contemporary Period
 Pre-colonial period
-
The Pre Colonial Period is when our indigenous

ancestors inhabited the Philippines and the time

.
before the coming of our first colonizers Arts in

this time were for ritual purposes or everyday

.
use only As local communities were established ,
, . .,
art starts to go beyond mere craft i e stone

weapons or jewelry but starts to have

, ,
decorative elements meaning and context .
, ,
Sculpture paintings and pottery were the

widely known forms of visual arts in the Pre -

,
Colonial Period such as the tattoos from the

,
pintados in Panay the Bulul that is a wooden

,
sculpture of the rice God of Ifugaos and the

Manunggul burial jar that was found in Palawan .

 Spanish colonial period
When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the

colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic

.
faith through beautiful images With communication as a

,
problem the friars used images to explain the concepts

’
behind Catholicism and to tell the stories of Christ s life

and passion .
Examples of visual art in the Spanish Colonial

:
Period Basi Revolt a series of 14 paintings by

;
Esteban Villanueva the Carta Hydrograpica y

Chorographica de Ias Yslas Filipinas that is the

first scientific map of the Philippines by

Francisco Suarez and Nicolas deal Cruz Bagay ;

the Spolarium of Juan Luna that won as the

Gold Medalist in Spain .

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
The American Colonial Period was classical in

, -
nature and the artworks are in neo classical

.
and modern form One of their greatest

contributions to the Philippines is the

educational system .
Fernando Amorsolo became famous during the

American Period because of his paintings that

depict Filipino culture and Guillermo Tolentino

,
with his famous sculptures the UP Oblation

(1935) and the Bonifacio Monument (1933).

JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD
The arrival of the Japanese caused tremendous fear ,
,
hardships and suffering among the Filipinos The .
Filipinos lost their freedom of speech and expression .
The development of art was also stopped resulting in

.
being the dark period of Philippine history It is also

during this period where modern art slowly

.
penetrating the art world Most of the artworks

depict the sentiments of artists during the war .

,
Modern artists emerged such as Victorio Edades

" "
together with Carlos Botong Francisco and Galo

Hernandes who were considered as the

"' "
Triumvirates that pioneered modern arts in the

country .
Contemporary PERIOD
Contemporary art reflects contemporary

,
culture and society offering a variety of

resources for the general public to analyze

current issues and reconsider the familiar .

'
Contemporary artists work is a dynamic mix of

, , ,
materials techniques ideas and themes that

defies easy categorization and pushes

.
traditional limits Contemporary art is diverse

,
and eclectic and it is characterized by the lack

, ,
of a unified organizing principle ideology or -
ism.
MOST FAMOUS AND THE
FILIPINO ARTISTS MASTER IR
WROKS
Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)
José Joya (1931-1995)
Pacita Abad (1946-2004)
Benedicto Cabrera (1942-
present )
Kidlat Tahimik (1942-
present )
Eduardo Masferré (1909-1995)
Agnes Arellano (1949-
present )
Roberto Chabet (1937-2013)
Napoleon Abueva (1930-2018)
 1.Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)

’
He is the country s first National Artist in 1972,
Fernando Amorsolo is often known as the Grand Old ‘
Man of Philippine Art ’. -
The Spanish trained realist

,
developed a backlighting technique where his colorful

depictions of local people reflect the radiance of the

. ,
Philippine sun On the painting the characters and

lighted landscapes appear to glow beautifully Despite .

,
Most Famous
his worsening health and fading eyesight he continued

to paint intensively until his death at the age of 80,

. '
Filipino Artists
producing up to ten works every month Amorsolo s

creativity has shaped the culture and legacy of the

.
and their
country to this day

–
Masterworks
The Vargas Museum found inside the campus of his

,
alma mater the University of the Philippines displays a ,
notable selection of his work .
 2.
José Joya (1931-1995)
A Filipino pioneer of Abstract expressionism multi, -
media painter José Joya uses bold and vibrant colours

,
with a variety of painting techniques layering loose ,
.
impasto strokes and controlled drips His harmonious

colors are influenced by Philippine landscapes and

.
tropical wildlife His mastery lies in gestural paintings ,
,
Most Famous
where the paint is applied spontaneously on canvas

sometimes directly out of the tube or through the use

.
Filipino Artists
of broad strokes with brushes

and their ,
Granadean Arabesque a huge scale yellow hued mural

, -
Masterworks
with clusters of sand and impasto is his most well

known work from 1958. It is on display in Manila s '

Ateneo Art Gallery .
 3.
Pacita Abad (1946-2004)
Her paintings are filled with brilliant colors and a variety

.
of designs and materials Earlier work included

representations of individuals in sociopolitical

, ,
situations indigenous masks tropical flowers and ,
. '
underwater sceneries Pacita invented the trapunto '
,
method in which she stitches and stuffs her colorful

canvases with a variety of materials such as fabric ,

, , , , ,
Most Famous
metal beads buttons shells glass and ceramics to

-
give them a three dimensional effect .

Filipino Artists 5,000

and their
She is noted to have worked on more than

pieces of art – her masterwork being Alkaff Bridge ,

, 55- 2,000
Masterworks
Singapore a meter bridge covered in over

.
colourful circles It was completed a few months

before she passed away from lung cancer in 2004.

 4.
Ang Kiukok (1935-2005)
,
Born to Chinese immigrants Ang Kiukok is the pioneer of

.
Philippine modern figurative expressionism Rewarded as

’
the country s National Artist in 2001. Like Amorsolo his ,
paintings are popular at auctions and have received

’
exceptionally high bids at Sotheby s and Christie s He is ’.
known for his distinct cubist and surrealist portrayals of

.
the crucifixion of Christ and mother and child However ,
,
Most Famous
he is acclaimed for his series of Fishermen at Sea which

,
connects both energy faith and the struggle of

Filipino Artists
fishermen under a vibrant crimson sun labouring

together to bring in the haul for the day .

and their
Masterworks
His notable works are represented in the Cultural

,
Center of the Philippines the National Historical Museum

of Taipei and the National Museum in Singapore .

 5.
Benedicto Cabrera (1942-
present )
‘ ’
Fondly known as BenCab in the Philippines Cabrera is ,
-
the best selling commercial painter of his generation

and a prominent head of the local contemporary art

.
scene He studied under José Joya at the University of

the Philippines and received his degree in Fine Arts in

1963. His fruitful career has spanned five decades ,

, , ,
Most Famous
where his paintings etchings sketches and prints have

,
been exhibited across Asia Europe and the US He , .

Filipino Artists
currently resides in the chilly northern hill station of

,
Baguio where he established his own four level BenCab -

and their
Museum on Asin Road that features an eclectic

,
selection of indigenous artifacts personal works and an ,

Masterworks
overwhelming collection of paintings from contemporary

Filipino artists .
 6.
Kidlat Tahimik (1942-
present )
,
Kidlat Tahimik a Baguio native and close friend of

, .
BenCab is a critically recognized director In October

2018, the government awarded him the Order of

,
National Artist for Film recognizing him as the founder

.
of Philippine independent film Kidlat Tahimik was born

,
Eric de Guia and his Tagalog name means quiet "
lightning ." Kidlat earned a Masters in Business

Most Famous Administration from the famed University of

'
Pennsylvania s Wharton School before entering the film

Filipino Artists .
industry His work is linked to the Third Cinema

,
movement which opposes neocolonialism and the

and their .
capitalist system through film His films have won

awards at film festivals in the United States Europe and , ,

Masterworks Asia.
 7.
Eduardo Masferré (1909-1995)
,
Further north of Baguio in the mountainous province of

,
Sagada Eduardo Masferré was born to a Filipino mother

.
and Spanish soldier He is regarded as the Father of

.
Philippine photography He documented with great detail

the everyday lives of indigenous people of the

. -
Cordilleras The self taught photographer processed his

Most Famous own film in a makeshift darkroom and managed to even

.
produce prints without electricity His photographs

Filipino Artists capture the culture of the people in his community and

serve as a documentation of their customary practices

and their . ’
and rituals Masferré s photographs have found their

way into exhibitions around the world The Smithsonian.

Masterworks Institution carries at least 120 prints of his works for the

National Museum of Natural History in Washington D C . .

 8.
Agnes Arellano (1949- present )
Born to a family of prominent male architects ,
sculptress Agnes Arellano is best known for her

,
surrealist and expressionist work in plaster bronze and

- .
cold cast marble Her sculptures highlight the female

body and draw from themes surrounding sexuality ,

, .
religion and mysticism Borrowing from the term of

Most Famous ‘
to inscapes ’,
,
poet Gerard Manley Hopkins Agnes attributes her work

that assert an internal unity among various

Filipino Artists elements in her installations and sculptures Drawing

from the tragic death of her parents and sister from a

.

and their house fire in 1981,

,
her work explores themes of creation

and destruction and the cycles of life from birth to

Masterworks death .
 9.
Roberto Chabet (1937-2013)
,
Born Roberto Rodriguez he used his mother s maiden ’
name Chabet when he began his career in art He is .
acknowledged as the father of conceptual art in the

.
Philippines He was the founding museum director of the

Cultural Center of the Philippines from 1967-1970,

where he established the 13 Artists Awards that

highlight the achievements of young artists whose works

-
show a contemporary view of art making and thinking .
Most Famous He describes himself as a “
custodian ” and his work as

Filipino Artists “
creatures of memory

, ,
”. -
His multi faceted skills in

,
drawing sculpture installations photography ,
and their ,
printmaking and collages question modernity His works

reflect the importance of space and how the

.

Masterworks displacement of ordinary objects can alter their

meaning .
 10.
Napoleon Abueva (1930-2018)
Noted as the Father of Modern Filipino sculpture Abueva ,
attended the University of the Philippines with Joya and

was mentored by noted sculptor Guillermo Tolentino at ,

. ,
the College of Fine Arts Born in Bohol he is also the

,
youngest National Artist awardee at the age of 46. His

expertise was seen in a wide array of materials such as

, , , ,
hard wood abode steel cement marble and bronze , .

Most Famous Abueva is adept in traditional representation and

Filipino Artists .
modern abstract forms of sculpture A trip around the

University of the Philippines will show you a number of his

and their ,
works such as the University Gateway and Nine Muses

.
near the old faculty centre He was also responsible for

Masterworks the relief marble sculptures seen in the war memorial

. ,
cross in Mt Samat Bataan .
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Remember :“ The artist is not a special kind of person ;
rather each person is a special kind of artist .”

:
REFERENCE
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