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This document describes an experiment to measure the flatness of a material surface using an autocollimator. The autocollimator uses light and mirrors to measure small angles and determine straightness or flatness. The experimental procedure involves positioning the autocollimator in line with a reflector on the material surface and taking angular readings at set intervals along the surface. The readings are then tabulated and plotted on a graph to analyze deviations from flatness and calculate the maximum angular deviations in the x and y axes. The conclusion is that measurements of the same surface yielded accuracy differences each time, with maximum angular deviations of 19.4 seconds in the x-axis and 10.6 seconds in the y-axis.

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31 views

339 Report5

This document describes an experiment to measure the flatness of a material surface using an autocollimator. The autocollimator uses light and mirrors to measure small angles and determine straightness or flatness. The experimental procedure involves positioning the autocollimator in line with a reflector on the material surface and taking angular readings at set intervals along the surface. The readings are then tabulated and plotted on a graph to analyze deviations from flatness and calculate the maximum angular deviations in the x and y axes. The conclusion is that measurements of the same surface yielded accuracy differences each time, with maximum angular deviations of 19.4 seconds in the x-axis and 10.6 seconds in the y-axis.

Uploaded by

fthe mhmd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction:

The flatness of the material is an important factor in many industries depending on the
specifications of the product the grade is determined. The flatness of the material can also be a
great indicator of the product’s quality by measuring the angular difference or deflections using
Autocollimator that determines the flatness of the material.

Figure (1)Autocollimator

Objective:
The aim of the experiment is to measure the flatness of the material of the given surface using
Autocollimator. Also, to identify the principle of Autocollimator devise and to be able to draw
conclusions about straightness errors using graphical methods and least square method.

Description of the experiment


In this experiment the optical instrument which is Autocollimator that is used to measure small angels
with very high sensitivity, it uses light, mirror, and collimator to measure the straightness(flatness).
Main Parts:
1- Collimator Unit
2- Base
3- Plain Reflector
4- Optical Source
5- Work pices
Experimental Procedures:
1- Clean the surface table
2- Position the auto-collimator in line with the reflector. Switch on the lamp in the autocollimator,
the
alignment between the auto-collimator and reflector should be checked at both extremes of the
operational distance to make certain that the target graticule is contained within the eyepiece field.
3- Fix a guide strip to control the horizontal displacement of the reflector and minimize the
movement of the target graticule
4- Mark off the positions along the surface plate equal to the pitch positions on the reflector
base (in this case 100 mm). Column 1 should indicate this position
5- At the initial position takes the reading and tabulates (column 2)
6- . Move the reflector to the next position and again tabulate the reading.
7- This method is to continue until the final outward position is recorded. To improve on the
accuracy and ensure no errors have been introduced, readings should also be taken on the
inward run. If this exercise is followed then the average of the two readings is to be shown
in column 2.
8- The remainder of the table should be filled by adopting the following procedure:
• Column 3 this is the variations of the tilt occurring between the position at which the
reading is taken and the original position.
• Column 4 the angular position in column 3 is converted into a linear measure (1 second =
0.5 micro m). Insert a zero at the top of the column to represent the datum.
• Column 5 this is the cumulative algebraic sum of the displacements. Calculate the mean
displacement this is the amount by which the displacement must be adjusted to relate them
to the zero datum
• Plot the values of column 5 versus column 1.

Results & Discussion:


Table 1.1 it shows the

# x y mr x mr y
1 24.2 15.6
2 16.9 26.2 7.3 10.6
3 36.3 22.5 19.4 3.7
4 31.7 25.3 4.6 2.8
5 22.2 24.3 9.5 1
6 23.1 24.5 0.9 0.2

Conclusion
We conclude that the flatness for each time we do the experiment/measurement for the workpiece,
accuracy differ each time with a max of 19.4 in x axis and 10.6 in y axis

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