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SECTION – A (75 marks)

1. This question consists of TWENTY-FIVE sub-questions (1.1 – 1.25) of ONE mark
each. For each of these sub-questions, four possible alternatives (A,B, C and D)
are given, out of which ONLY ONE is correct. Indicate the correct answers in the
boxes corresponding to the questions only on the FIRST sheet of the answer
book.
1.1 In the circuit of Fig.P.11, the voltage v(t) is 1Ω 1Ω

(a) e at − e bt (b) e at + e bt +

(c) ae at
− be bt
(d) ae at
+ be bt eat V(t) 1H ebt
-

1.2 In the circuit of Fig.P1.2, the value of the voltage source E is V2 + -

0V
- +
(a) -16 V 2V - 1V
(b) 4 V
(c) -6V +
E=?
(d) 16 V -

+
+
4V 5V
V1 10V

t
s+2 s2 + 1
1.3 Given that L =  f ( t )  = 2
s +1
, L f ( t )  =
( s + 3) ( s + 2)
, h (t ) = ∫ f (τ ) g (t − τ ) dτ .
0

L h ( t )  is

s2 + 1 1
(a) (b)
s+3 s+3
s2 + 1 s+2
(c) + 2 (d) None of the above
( s + 3 )( s + 2 ) s +1
VCC
1.4 In the differential amplifier of Fig.P1.4, if the
source resistance of the current source IEE is
R R
infinite, then the common-mode gain is
(a) zero
Vin1
(b) infinite Vin2

(c) indeterminate
Vin1 + Vin2
(d)
2VT IEE

-VEE
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1.5 In the circuit of Fig.P.15, Vo is

(a) -1 V
-
(b) 2 V +1V Vo
+
(c) +1 V R
(d) +15 V -15V

1.6 Introducing a resistor in the emitter of a common amplifier stabilizes the dc

operating point against variations in
(a) only the temperature (b) only the β of the transistor
(c) both temperature and β (d) none of the above

1.7 The current gain of a bipolar transistor drops at high frequencies because of
(a) transistor capacitances (b) high current effects in the base
(c) parasitic inductive elements (d) the Early effect

1.8 An amplifier with resistive negative feedback has two left half-plane poles in its
open-loop transfer function. The amplifier
(a) will always be unstable at high frequencies
(b) will be stable for all frequencies
(c) may be unstable, depending on the feedback factor
(d) will oscillate at low frequencies

C
1.9 If the op-amp in Fig.P.1.9, is ideal, then vo , is
(a) zero V1 sinωt C
-
(b) (V1 − V2 ) sin ω t Vo
V2 sinωt +
(c) − (V1 + V2 ) sin ω t C

(d) (V1 + V2 ) sin ωt

R1 R2
1.10 The configuration of Fig.P.1.10 is a
(a) precision integrator
(b) Hartley oscillator -
Vo
(c) Butterworth highpass filter + R
(d) Wien-bridge oscillator
C

R C
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1.11 Assume that the op-amp of Fig.P1.11 is ideal. If vi is a triangular wave, then
vo will be R
(a) square wave
C
(b) triangular wave Vo -
(c) parabolic wave Vo
+
(d) sine wave

2
1.12 The Fourier Transform of the signal x ( t ) = e −3t is of the following form, where A
and B are constants:
−B f 2
(a) Ae (b) Ae − Bf (c) A + B f (d) Ae − Bf

1.13 A system with an input x ( t ) and output y ( t ) is described by the relation:

y ( t ) = tx ( t ) . This system is

(a) linear and time-invariant (b) linear and time varying

(c) non-linear and time-invariant (d) non-linear and time-varying

1.14 The amplitude modulated wave from s ( t ) = Ac 1 + K a m ( t )  cos ωC t is fed to an

ideal envelope detector. The maximum magnitude of K0 m ( t ) is greater than 1.
Which of the following could be the detector output?
2
(a) Ac m ( t ) (b) Ac 2 1 + K am ( t ) 
2
(c) Ac 1 + K a m ( t )  (d) Ac 1 + K a m ( t ) 

1.15 An 8 bit successive approximation analog to digital converter has full scale
reading of 2.55 V and its conversion time for an analog input of 1V is 20µs. The
conversion for a 2V input will be
(a) 10 µs (b) 20 µs (c) 40 µs (d) 50 µs

1.16 The number of hardware interrupts (which require an external signal to interrupt)
present in an 8085 microprocessor are
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 13

1.17 The most commonly used amplifier in sample and hold circuits is
(a) a unity gain inverting amplifier
(b) a unity gain non-inverting amplifier
(c) an inverting amplifier with a gain of 10
(d) an inverting amplifier with a gain of 100
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1.18 The number of comparators in a 4 bit flash ADC is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 15 (d) 16

1.19. For the logic circuit shown in Fig.P1.19, the required input condition (A,B,C) to
make the output (X)=1 is
A
(a) 1, 0, 1
B
(b) 0, 0, 1
(c) 1, 1, 1
(d) 0, 1, 1
x
C

1.20. In the 8085 microprocessor, the RST6 instruction transfers the program
execution to the following location
(a) 30 H (b) 24 H (c) 48 H (d) 60 H

1.21. The magnitudes of the open-circuit and short-circuit input impedances of a

transmission line are 100Ω and 25Ω respectively. The characteristic impedance of
the line is,
(a) 25Ω (b) 50Ω (c) 75Ω (d) 100Ω

1.22. A TEM wave is incident normally upon a perfect conductor. The E and H fields at
the boundary will be, respectively.
(a) minimum and minimum (b) maximum and maximum
(c) minimum and maximum (d) maximum and minimum

1.23. The frequency range for satellite communication is

(a) 1 KHz to 100 KHz (b) 100 KHz to 10 KHz
(c) 10 MHz to 30 MHz (d) 1 GHz to 30 GHz

λ λ λ
1.24. If the diameter of a dipole antenna is increased from to , then its
2 100 50
(a) bandwidth increases (b) bandwidth decreases
(c) gain increases (d) gain decreases
L1
1.25 The circuit of Fig.P1.25 represents a RS
Vo
(a) low pass filter
(b) high pass filter C1 L2
RL
~ VS
(c) band pass filter
C2
(d) band reject filter
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2. This question consists of TWENTY-FIVE sub-questions (2.1 – 2.25) of ONE mark

each. For each of these sub-questions, four possible alternatives (A,B, C and D)
are given, out of which ONLY ONE is correct. Indicate the correct answers in the
boxes corresponding to the questions only on the SECOND sheet of the answer
book.
2 −1 0 0
 
0 3 0 0
2.1 The eigen values of the matrix  are
0 0 −2 0
 
0 0 −1 4
(a) 2, -2, 1, -1 (b) 2, 3, -2, 4
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) None of the above

2.2. Use the data of Fig.2(a). The current i in the circuit of Fig.(b) is
(a) -2A R2 R2

(b) 2A
R1 R3 R1 R3
(c) -4A
(d) +4A
+ R4 R4
I=? 20V
10V 2A
+

2.3. For the circuit in Fig.P2.3, the voltage vo is 2Ω 2Ω

(a) 2V (b) 1V -
+ -
4V 2V
(c) -1V 2Ω vo
- +
(d) None of the above +

2.4. A linear time invariant system has an impulse response e2t , t > 0 . If the initial
conditions are zero and the input is e3t , the output for t > 0 is

(a) e3t − e2t (b) e5t

(c) e3t + e2t (d) None of the above

15V

2.5. In the circuit of Fig.P2.5, assume that the transistor is in

active region. It has a large β and its base-emitter voltage is RC
0.7V. The value of Ic is 10kΩ
IC
(a) Indeterminate since Rc is not given
(b) 1 mA
5kΩ
(c) 5 mA
430Ω
(d) 10 mA
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2.6. If the op-amp in Fig.P2.6, has an input offset voltage of 5 mV and an open-loop
voltage gain of 10,000, then vo will be
+15V
(a) 0V
(b) 5 mV -
Vo
(c) +15 V or –15 V +
(d) +50 V or –50 V -15V

2.7. For the logic circuit shown in Fig.P2.7, the simplified Boolean expression for the
output Y is A
(a) A+B+C B

(b) A
(c) B Y
(d) C
C

2.8. For the 4 bit DAC shown in Fig.P2.8, the output voltage vo is
1K 7K

+15V

-
R R R Vo
+

2R 2R 2R 2R 2R -15V

1V 1V
(a) 10 V (b) 5 V (c) 4 V (d) 8 V

2.9. A sequential circuit using D flip-flop and logic gates is shown in Fig.P2.9, where X
and Y are the inputs and Z is the output. The circuit is

X
D Q Z
CLK
Y Q Z

(a) S – R Flip-Flop with inputs X = R and Y = S

(b) S – R Flip-Flop with inputs X = S and Y = R
(c) J – K Flip-Flop with inputs X = J and Y = K
(d) J – K Flip-Flop with inputs X = K and Y = J
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2.10. The contents of Register (B) and Accumulator (A) of 8085 microprocessor are
49H and 3AH respectively. The contents of A and the status of carry flag (CY) and
sign flag (S) after executing SUB B instructions are
(a) A = F1, CY = 1, S =1 (b) A = 0F, CY = 1, S =1
(c) A = F0, CY = 0, S =0 (d) A = 1F, CY = 1, S =1

2.11. In Fig.P2.11, the J and K inputs of all the four Flip-Flops are made high. The
frequency of the signal at output Y is

J Q J Q J Q J Q

CLK CLK CLK CLK

F=10kHz

K K K K
CLR CLR CLR CLR

(a) 0.833 KHz (b) 1.0 KHz (c) 0.91 KHz (d) 0.77 KHz

2.12. One period (0,T) each of two periodic waveforms, W1 and W2 are shown in
Fig.P2.12. The magnitudes of the nth Fourier series coefficients of W1 and W2, for
n ≥ 1, n odd, are respectively proportional to

(a) n−3 and n−2 1

1
W1 W2
(b) n−2 and n−3
T/2 T
T
−1 −2 0 0 T/2
(c) n and n

(d) n−4 and n−2 -1 -1

2.13. Let u(t) be the step function. Which of the waveforms in Fig.P2.13(a) – (d)
corresponds to the convolution of u(t) – u(t – 1) with u(t) – u(t – 2)?
(a) 1 (b)
1

0 1 2 3
0 1 2
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1.5 1
(c) (d)

0 t
t 1 3
0 1.5 2 3

2.14. In Fig.P2.14, the steady state output voltage corresponding to the input voltage 3
+ 4 sin 100t V is
4  π 1KΩ
(a) 3 + sin  100t −  V
2  4
input output
 π 10µF
(b) 3 + 4 2 sin 100t −  V
 4

3 4  π
(c) + sin  100t +  V
2 2  4

 π
(d) 3 + 4 sin 100t +  V
 4

2.15. In a digital communication system employing Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), the
0 and 1 bit are represented by sine waves of 10 KHz and 25 KHz respectively.
These waveforms will be orthogonal for a bit interval of
(a) 45 µsec (b) 200 µsec (c) 50 µsec (d) 250 µsec

2.16. A message m(t) band-limited to the frequency fm has a power of Pm. The power
of the output signal in the Fig.P2.16 is
Pm cos θ
(a)
2
(multiply) Ideal low pass
P m(t)cosωot filter cut off
(b) m Output signal
4 F=fm pass
band gain =1 (ωo>2πfm)
P sin2 θ
(c) m
4
cos(ωot+θ)
Pm cos2 θ
(d)
4

2.17. The Hilbert transform of cos ω1t + sin ω2t is

(a) sin ω1t − cos ω2t (b) sin ω1t + cos ω2t
(c) cosω1t − sin ω2t (d) sin ω1t + sin ω2t
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2.18. A system has a phase response given by φ(ω), where ω is the angular frequency.
The phase delay and group delay at ω = ωo are respectively given by
φ (ω o ) dφ (ω ) d 2φ (ωo )
(a) − ,− ω = ωo (b) φ (ωo ) , − ω = ωo
ωo dω dω 2

ωo dφ (ω ) ωo
(c)
φ (ω o )
,−
dω
ω = ωo (d) ωoφ (ωo ) , ∫−∞
φ ( λ ) dλ

2.19. A system described by the transfer function

1
H (s) = 3 2
is stable. The constraints on α and k are.
s + α s + ks + 3
(a) α > 0, αk < 3 (b) α > 0, αk > 3 (c) α > 0, αk > 0 (d) α > 0, αk < 0

2.20. In an FM system, a carrier of 100 MHz is modulated by a sinusoidal signal of 5

KHz. The bandwidth by Carson’s approximation is 1 MHz. If y(t) = (modulated
waveform)3, than by using Carson’s approximation, the bandwidth of y(t) around
300 MHz and the and the spacing of spectral components are, respectively.
(a) 3 MHz, 5 KHz (b) 1 MHz, 15 KHz
(c) 3 MHz, 15 KHz (d) 1 MHz, 5 KHz

2.21. A uniform plane wave in air impinges at 45° angle on a lossless dielectric
material with dielectric constant ε r . The transmitted wave propagates in a 30°
direction with respect to the normal. The value of ε r is

(a) 1.5 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2

2.22. For an 8 feet (2.4 m) parabolic disk antenna operating at 4 GHz, the minimum
distance required for far field measurement is closest to
(a) 7.5 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 15 m (d) 150 m

2.23. A rectangular wave guide has dimensions 1 cm × 0.5 cm. Its cut-off frequency is
(a) 2 dB (b) 5 dB (c) 8 dB (d) 12 dB

2.24. A rectangular wave guide has dimensions 1 cm × 0.5 cm. Its cut-off frequency is
(a) 5 GHz (b) 10 GHz (c) 15 GHz (d) 20 GHz

2.25. Two coaxial cables 1 and 2 are filled with different dielectric constants
λ 
ε r1 and ε r 2 respectively. The ratio of the wavelengths in the two cables,  1  is
 λ2 
ε r1 εr 2 ε r1 εr2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
εr 2 ε r1 εr2 ε r1
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SECTION – B (75 marks)

This section consists of TWENTY questions of FIVE marks each. Attempt ANY FIFTEEN
questions out of them. If more number of questions are attempted, score off the
answers not be evaluated, else only the first fifteen unscored answers will be
considered.
3. For the circuit in Fig.P3
(a) Find the Thevenin equivalent of the sub circuit faced by the capacitor across
the terminals a, b.
2Ω 2Ω
(b) Find vc ( t ) , t > 0, given vc ( 0 ) = 0
a
(c) Find i ( t ) , t > 0 + 2Ω
VC 2F ⇒ 4V
-
b i(t)

Fig.P3
4. For the circuit in Fig.P4, which is in steady state
(a) Find the frequency ωo at which the magnitude of the impedance across
terminals a, b reaches a maximum.
(b) Find the impedance across a, b at the frequency ωo

(c) If v s ( t ) = V sin (ωot ) , find iL ( t ) , iR ( t ) . 2Ω

+
a
+ 2Ω VC
4F
Vi(t) ~ iL iR
-
-
b

5. For the circuit in Fig.P5, write the state equations using vc and iL as state
variables.
VC 1Ω

+ 2Ω 2H
VC 1F
-
εv
iL

6. The network N in Fig.P6 consists only of two elements: a resistor of 1Ω and an

inductor of L Henry. A 5 V source is connected at the input at t = 0 seconds. The
inductor current is zero at t =0. The output voltage is found to be 5e −3t V , for
(a) Find the voltage transfer function of the network.
(b) Find L, and draw the configuration of the network.
(c) Find the impulse response of the network.

+
Input + N Output
voltage - voltage
-
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7. For the linear, time invariant system whose block diagram is shown in Fig.P7(a),
with input x(t) and output y(t),
(a) Find the transfer function.
(b) For the step response of the system [i.e. find y(t) when x(t) is a unit step
function and the initial conditions are zero]
(c) Find y(t), if x(t) is as shown in Fig.P7(b), and the initial conditions are zero.

+ x(t)
Σ
x(t) y(t)
- -
4 1

3
t
1 2
Fig.P7(a)
Fig.P7(b)

8. A certain linear, time-invariant system has the state and output representation
shown below:
 x&1   −2 1   x1   1 
 =   +  u
 x& 2   0 −3   x2   0 
x 
y = (1 1)  1 
 x2 
(a) Find the eigen values (natural frequencies) of the system.
(b) If u(t) = δ(t) and x1 ( 0+ ) = x2 ( 0+ ) = 0, find x1 ( t ) , x2 ( t ) and y ( t ) , for t > 0.

(c) When the input is zero, choose initial conditions

x1 ( 0+ ) and x2 ( 0+ ) such that y ( t ) = Ae −2t for t > 0.

9. The block diagram of a feedback system is shown in Fig.P9(a).

(a) Find the closed loop transfer function.
(b) Find the minimum value of G for which the step response of the system
would exhibit an overshoot, as shown in Fig.P9(b).
(c) For G equal to twice this minimum value, find the time period T indicated in
Fig.P9(b).

Vo(t)

+ G
Step response

Σ
Input s ( s + 5) Output
-
(VS)

(G>0)

t
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10. (a) For Fig.P10(a), Plot vo under steady state conditions, with and without C.
Assume that the diode is ideal.
(b) Design a circuit using two ideal diodes, one resistor and two voltage sources
that would convert the input voltage of Fig.P10(b) to the output voltage of
Fig.P10(c). The resistor value need not be specified.
Vi

vi vo
t
R C

Fig.P10(a)
Vi Vi

10V

0 t 5V t

-10V -5V

Fig.P10(b)
Fig.P10(c)

11. For the amplifier of Fig.P11,

T
IC = 1.3mA, RC = 2k Ω, RE = 500Ω, VT = = 26mV , β = 100, VCC = 15V
q VCC
ν s = 0.01 sin (ω t ) V and Cb = Ce = 10µ F .
νo RC
(a) What is the small-signal voltage gain, Aν = ?
νs R1

(b) What is the approximate Aν if Ce is removed? IC

Vo
(c) What will ν o be if Cb is short-circuited?
Cb

VS ~ R2
RE CE

12. For a feedback amplifier, the open loop transfer function has three poles at 100k
rad/s, 1 M rad/s and 10 M rad/s. The low frequency open loop gain is 1000 and
the feedback factor (β) is 1. Use Bode plots to determine the phase margin of the
amplifier. Is the amplifier stable?
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13. Fig.P13 shows a common base amplifier.

(a) Write expressions for the time-constants associated with the capacitors,
CB and CS .

(b) What is the approximate lower cutoff frequency of the amplifier?

VCC

RC
R1

Vo
Rs

CB R2 Cs
RE ~ Vs

14. For the CMOS monostable multi-vibrator of Fig.P14, R = 50 kW, C = 0.01µF,

VDD = 5V , and the CMOS NOR gates have a threshold voltage (VT ) of 1.5 V. ν in is a

(
trigger pulse τ p )
RC as shown in the figure.

(a) Plot ν 01 and ν R as functions of time.

(b) Write the equation for ν R ( t ) , for t > 0.

(c) Find the time period of the output pulse.

Vin Vin V01
V0

5V
VR
t C
0 τP
R

15. The operating conditions (ON = 1, OFF = 0) of three pumps (x,y,z) are to be
monitored. x = 1 implies that pump X is on. It is required that the indicator (LED)
on the panel should glow when a majority of the pumps fail.
(a) Enter the logical values in the K-map in the format shown in Fig.15(a). derive
the minimal Boolean sum of products expression whose output is zero when
a majority of the pumps fail.
(b) The above expression is implemented using logic gates, and point P is the
output of this circuit, as shown in Fig.P15(b). P is at 0 V when a majority of
the pumps fails and is at 5 V otherwise. Design a circuit to drive the LED
using this output. The current through the LED should be 10 mA and the
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voltage drop across it is 1V. Assume that P can source or sink 10 mA and a 5
V supply is available.
z z
x y
P
x y Logic
x y Circuit
x y

16. A one-bit full adder is to be implemented using 8-to-1 multiplexers (MUX).

(a) Write the truth table for sum (S) and carry to the next stage ( CN ) in terms of

( )
the two bits (A, B) and carry from the previous stage C p . The truth table
should be in the ascending order of (A,B, C p ), i.e. (000,001,010,…etc.).

(b) Implement S and CN using 8-to-1 multiplexers.

17. (a) The program and machine code for an 8085 microprocessor are given by

3E MVI A C3
C3
00 NOP
80 ADD B
3D DEC A
C2 JNZ 800A
0A
80
C3 JMP 800C
0C
80
D3 OUT 10
10
76 HLT
The starting address of the above program is 7FFF H. What would happen if
it is executed from 8000 H?
(b) For the instructions given below, how many memory operations (read/write)
are performed during the execution in an 8085 µP?
(c) Write an instruction which takes the minimum possible time to clear the
accumulator of the 8085.
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18. A band limited signal x(t) with a′ spectrum X(f) as shown in Fig.P18(a) is
processed as shown in Fig.P18(b). p(t) is a periodic train of impulses as in
Fig.P18(c). The ideal bandpass filter has a passband from 26 KHz to 34 KHz.
(a) Calculate the Fourier series coefficients Cn in the Fourier expansion of p(t) in
+∞
 jn2π t 
the form p ( t ) = ∑ C ex
n = −∞
n p 
 T 


(b) Find the Fourier Transform of p(t).

(c) Obtain and sketch the spectrum of xs ( t ) .

(d) Obtain and sketch the spectrum of y ( t ) .

x(f) 1

Ideal band
x(t)
xS(t) pass filter

0 4KHz
f in KHz p(t) y(t)

Fig.P18(a) Fig.P18(b)

Train of impulses of unit strength

-T 0 T 2T 3T Time

1
= 10KHz T
T
Fig.P18(c)

19. Zero mean white Gaussian noise with a two-sided power spectral density of 4
W/Khz is passed through an ideal lowpass filter with a cut-off frequency of 2 KHz
and a pass band gain of 1, to produce the noise output n(t).
(a) Obtain the total power in n(t).
(b) Find the autocorrelation function E[n(t)n(t+τ) of the noise n(t) as a function
of τ.
(c) Two noise samples are taken at times t1 and t2. Find the spacing t1 − t2 so
that the product n ( t1 ) n ( t2 ) has the most negative expected value and obtain
this most negative expected value.
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Given E = 10e (
− j 4 x − kt )
20. ˆ V m in free space.
y
(a) Write all the four Maxwell’s equations in free space.
(b) Find ∇ × E.
(c) Find H.

21. The three regions shown in Fig.P21 are all lossless and non-magnetic. Find
(a) Wave impedance in mediums 2 and 3.
λ
(b) d such that medium 2 acts as a quarter wave   transformer.
4
(c) Reflection coefficient ( Γ ) and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the
λ
interface of the medium 1 and 2, when d =  
4

Medium 1 Medium 2 Medium 3

εr1=1 εr2=5 εr3=9

Incident Team
Wave (f=1GHz)
d

22. Design a lossless impedance matching network shown in Fig.P22 to transform

ZL = 10 + j10Ω to Zin = 50Ω. Find the values of L, C and quality factor (Q) of the
circuit at f = 1GHz.

Zin C
ZL