1

The Effectiveness of Tabasco Pepper as an

Insecticide against Cockroaches

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

Of Senior High School Program

Submitted by:

Khatlen Rose P. Plariza

May 2023

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Chapter I

The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction

Several kinds of germs, such as salmonella, staphylococcus, and streptococcus,

may be stored in cockroaches. A virus like the polio virus can be carried by the

cockroach. Salmonella and gastroenteritis are believed to be among the diseases that

cockroaches carry to humans because they consume a variety of foods, including

decaying rubbish. Cockroaches can potentially trigger allergies, according to recent

studies.

Tabasco peppers are often used to make hot sauce, but can also be used in

marinades, salsas, and other dishes for their flavor and heat. The use of Tabasco peppers

is not only limited to cooking, as they have also been investigated for their potential use

as natural insecticides.

Plant-based insecticides that rely on plants' built-in insect defense mechanisms

may not only be effective and reasonably priced sustainable agricultural methods, but

also safer and more environmentally friendly. The term "insecticide" refers to a class of

insecticides designed to control, eliminate, hurt, or otherwise affect one or more insect

species. There are various ways that insecticides function. Insecticides can kill insects

instantly in some cases or take some time to take effect in others. When dealing with

insects in our surroundings, insecticide might be useful such as eradicating invasive plant

species that endanger natural environments. Even when applied improperly, insecticides

pose environmental dangers. (Npic, 2019)

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Statement of the Problem

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of tabasco pepper as an

alternative insecticide.

1. What is the mortality rate off different concentration of tabasco pepper

insecticide?
a.) 50% b.) 75% c.) 100%

2. How long would take of tabasco pepper insecticide to kill cockroaches?

3. What is the shelf life of tabasco pepper insecticide?

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Preparation
 Tabasco Pepper  Blending Effectiveness of

 Extracting Tabasco Pepper as

 Water
 Spraying an Insecticide
against Cockroach
 Testing

Hypothesis

H0: There is no significant difference between the efficacy of all treatments, employing

insecticidal spray, longevity and shelf life.

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H1: There is a significant difference between the efficacy of all treatments, employing

insecticidal spray, longevity and shelf life.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to know the efficacy of Tabasco Pepper as an Insecticide against

Cockroach. The researcher will find out how effective Tabasco Pepper is. The research

will be conducted at the researcher’s place in Agan San Gabriel Homes, Polomolok

South Cotabato, Philippines.

Significance of the Study

To the COMMUNITY, by applying organic insecticides, which are significantly

more cost-effective than synthetic ones, the community will be able to free itself of

insects.

To the SCHOOL, it eliminates the dangerous insects in the area to use the

insecticidal spray and preserve the school against illnesses.

To the STUDENTS, in order to comprehend the significance of insecticide spray

in eliminating insects that are hazardous and preventing pupils from contracting diseases

from insects

To the FUTURE RESEARCHERS, they will receive some data from this study

to improve their analysis and make their own judgements.

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D]efinition of Terms

Extraction

an extraction is an act of releasing or taking something out. This means

thatextraction is needed to be done on the tomato leaf for its helpful chemical substances

to be used as an insecticide. Operationally, this will be applied to the procedure of

making alternative insecticide where the liquid solution that came from Tabasco will be

extracted.

Insect

a small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of

wings. Operationally, insects are the main target of this study and to terminate insects

that affect the productivity of the plants.

Insecticide

are chemicals used to control insects by killing them or preventing them from

engaging in undesirable or destructive behaviors. Operationally, the liquid extracts that

came from tabasco pepper will serve as alternative insecticide where it will be used for

testing and application.

Pepper

a pungent, hot-tasting powder prepared from dried and ground peppercorns,

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commonly used as a spice or condiment to flavor food. Operationally, this will be the

main ingredient of the product where the extraction will be applied.

Mortality

It is frequently employed to gauge the intensity of a disease outbreak or the

population wide effects of a natural disaster. The number of deaths per unit of population

over a given period of time is known as the rate, which is one way to express mortality.

Shelf life

the amount of time that a good can be kept in storage before it loses its suitability

for use, sale, or consumption. Put differently, it may pertain to the question of

whether a product belongs on the pantry shelf (unfit for use) or the supermarket

shelf (unfit for sale, but not unfit for use).

Concentration

The solute to solvent or total solution ratio is what it is known as. Solute

concentration be expressed in volume units or moles in addition to the usual mass per

unit volume.

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Chapter II

Review related of literature

Foreign Literature and Studies

Capsicum frutescens

The Capsicum genus is represented in West Africa by two cultivated species,

Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, both of which have a wide range of

variations. There has been much discussion on whether the two species should be

considered two distinct species or merely different varieties of the same species because

of how closely related the two species are morphologically. Four types of Capsicum

annuum, or bell peppers, are classified based on size and physical distinctions between

and within the cultivars. shortened to Capsicum annuum var. Acuminatum is a kind of

Capsicum annuum. Capsicum frutescens var. grossum and baccatum, locally referred to

as rodo, sombo, tatase, and wewe, respectively, by the Yoruba people (Figure 1).

Complementing genomic and taxonomic identification of plant species is comparative

profiling of bioactive chemicals. The characterization of the bioactive components found

in the cultivated Capsicum spp. is lacking in information. In the process of looking for

hints to comprehend the genetic connections between the cultivated Capsicum spp. In

order to determine whether these bioactive compounds can be used as a further tool for

establishing phylogenetic relatedness in these species as well as to identify varietal

groups with close relationships that may be useful for selecting potential parents in

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breeding programs, this study compares and evaluates the bioactive compounds of

various cultivars of the Capsicum species (Tomi & Afolayan, 2019).

Evaluation of Capsicum frutescens L's antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities

was the goal of the current investigation. in seeds and to describe the chemical

components of the unrefined extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

analysis of the n-hexane and chloroform extracts revealed the presence of numerous

biologically significant volatile constituents, including heterocyclic substances, -

diketones, hydrocarbons, long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, and their derivatives,

such as esters, hydroxy esters, and aromatic substances. The total phenolic and flavonoid

contents of the same extracts ranged from 7.95 to 26.15 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents)

and 4.64 to 12.84 mg/g (rutin equivalents), respectively, of the dry weight of the extract

(Gurnani et al., 2016)

Its remarkable resistance to plant disease, high output, and potent aroma,

Capsicum frutescens, one of the domesticated kinds of pepper grown worldwide, is

considered to be extremely beneficial. Unfortunately, the effectiveness and precision of

genetic breeding for pepper are constrained by a lack of molecular markers. Genome

sequences of C. elegans have been obtained using the newest next-generation sequencing

technology. Now that frutescens can be produced, data mining can be used to find SSR

markers. Using MISA software, a total of 278,425 SSRs were found in the pepper

genome for this study. Trinucleotides were found to be the most common repeat motif.

Dinucleotides, tetranucleotides, pentanucleotides, and hexanucleotides repeat types were

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next in order. Fructescens cultivars They have been examined for 147 accessions from 25

different nations using 33 SSR markers with high polymorphism. The dendrogram

created divided these accessions into seven main groupings. In accordance with their

ancestry, the groups were discovered to be. The findings of this investigation gave rise to

resources for SSR molecular markers and new information about the genetic diversity of

the C. frutescens (Yangmin et al., 2021)

Alternative insecticide

In tropical and temperate areas of the world, dengue is a vector-borne disease that

is important for public health, putting about 40% of the world's population at risk. More

than 1.3 billion people, or 52% of the population at risk worldwide, are at danger from

dengue in Southeast Asia, where epidemics have been occurring frequently for many

years. Dengue is making a comeback in Laos; the most significant recent outbreak

occurred in 2013, when 44,098 estimated cases were reported, including 98 fatalities.

The 2017 pandemic is still continuing strong as of October 2017, when more than 9200

cases have been documented in Laos. Since there is still no specific treatment for dengue

or reliable vaccine, efforts to control the illness are mostly directed at eradicating its

vectors. By lowering mosquito densities, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus can be

controlled, as can Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, by I removing or safeguarding

potential breeding sites; using biological control methods like larval predators like small

fish or copepods or entomopathogenic bacteria like Bacill israelensis (Bti); or chemical

control techniques utilizing pesticides for the prevention of mosquito larvae and adult

mosquitoes (Sebastien Marcombe et al., 2018)

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Neonicotinoid pesticides are extensively utilized for the control of insect pests all

over the world, but they are particularly ubiquitous in the management of agricultural

pests. A increasing body of research suggests that neonicotinoids' widespread and

preventive applications carry significant hazards for the wellbeing of beneficial creatures

and the ecological processes they support. In order to control insect pests, it is necessary

to investigate alternatives to neonicotinoid insecticides. We use the ideas of deploying

substitutes for neonicotinoids under an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy to

explain how they might be used in the production of Italian maize and Canadian forestry.

IPM provides pest control alternatives based on actual need while taking into account all

pertinent and readily available information to make informed management decisions. We

examine the advantages and drawbacks of various management strategies for three insect

pests in maize crops and an invasive insect pest in forests, such as diversifying crop

rotations, altering planting, tillage, and irrigation schedules, using less sensitive crops in

infested areas, implementing biological control agents, and switching to alternative

reduced risk insecticides. While more research into alternatives is essential, it is also

urgent that farmers and pest managers receive the necessary knowledge and training, and

that rules and regulations be put in place to promote the use of practices and their

substitute pest management methods (Lorenzo & David, 2015)

While pesticides in mixtures can exert toxicological interactions at a molecular

level such as inhibition or induction of detoxifying enzymes or additivity in the case of

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endocrine disruption, exposure to pesticides has been linked to a number of adverse

effects, including cardiotoxicity (Georgiadis et al., 2018).

Insecticide

An ongoing and growing issue in the management of pest arthropods is

insecticide resistance. If the usefulness of present and future insecticides is to be

maintained, effective insecticide resistance management (IRM) is necessary. The

Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) is a world-wide organization of crop

protection businesses. IRAC acts as CropLife International's Specialized Technical

Group, focusing on guaranteeing the long-term efficacy of insect, mite, and tick control

products through successful resistance management for sustainable agriculture and

enhanced public health. Maintaining the Mode of Action (MoA) classification system is a

crucial responsibility of IRAC. It gives current knowledge on the modes of action of new

and old insecticides and acaricides, and which forms the basis for creating effective IRM

strategies for crop protection and vector control. More than 25 different modes of action

and at least 55 different chemical classes are included in the IRAC MoA classification

scheme. Variety is the secret to effective chemical resistance management, and as such, it

offers a method for IRM that makes it simple to find prospective rotational or alternative

solutions (Thomas & Ralf, 2015)

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Essential oils derived from aromatic plants have been extensively researched as

potential substitutes for traditional insecticides. During the previous ten years, their insect

toxicity was of particular attention. Insecticidal activity in aromatic plants and their

essential oils has been recorded, and this paper will present a summary of the information

that has been published, primarily in the last ten years, as well as practical screening

methods. The review makes mention of 230 plants, their geographic distribution, and the

examined organism. Some recent insecticidal activity-focused studies on natural

compounds are addressed below (Safia Zoubiri, 2014)

Spray insecticide

Insecticides suitable for indoor residual spraying. The range is particularly

constrained for long-lasting insecticidal nets because pyrethroids are the only insecticide

class that the WHO recommends for nets. Evidence from indoor residual spraying

programs indicates that pyrethroid resistance can contribute to operational control failure;

for instance, in South Africa, control was only restored once the pyrethroid was replaced

by an insecticide to which vectors were susceptible. In contrast, the detrimental impact of

pyrethroid resistance on the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets has been less

obvious and harder to quantify than that of indoor residual spraying. However,

entomologica reports that although pyrethroid in areas of intermediate pesticide

resistance in Malawi and Kenya, cohort studies have demonstrated that long-lasting

insecticidal nets continue to protect against malaria infection, while no decrease in

incidence was seen in Uganda after the distribution of these net (Natacha et al., 2018).

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Prior studies have attempted to use drift-reducing technologies (DRTs) in field

tests to manage the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera:

Plutellidae), in canola (Brassica napus L.). According to earlier research, there was no

difference in canopy penetration between fine and coarse sprays, although fine sprays

had a higher coverage. DBM has a significant predisposition to avoid sprayed plant

material, which puts additional emphasis on choosing methods that maximize coverage,

but frequently at the expense of a higher drift risk. The purpose of this study is to

determine how adding a DRT oil that is also labeled for DBM control affects the spray

solution's ability to drift (J Connor et al., 2016)

Environmental Effects of insecticide

Insecticides used in corn production were tracked over a three-year period in a

field research to ascertain their environmental persistence, their paths across the corn

field, and their effectiveness when used with genetically modified maize. The insecticidal

Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 proteins were present in the genetically modified corn (also known

as "Bt corn"), and it was discovered that the Cry1Ab protein only remained in the soil,

runoff water, and runoff sediment during the corn growing season, peaking in

concentration during pollination. Extremely low levels of Cry1Ab proteins were found in

the soil taken from the non-Bt corn field, and neither shallow groundwater nor soil pore

water contained any Cry1Ab proteins. All matrices contained clothianidin, a

neonicotinoid insecticide that is used to coat seeds. It persisted in soil pore water

throughout the entire year. Tefluthrin, a pyrethroid pesticide used at planting to manage

populations of corn rootworm larvae (Diabrotica spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was

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regularly found in soil, runoff water, and runoff sediment throughout the corn growing

season but was not found in groundwater or soil pore water. Tefluthrin did not prevent

damage to non-Bt corn but did not have an impact on damage to Bt corn's roots caused

by corn rootworm larvae feeding on Bt corn. When compared to the other treatments, a

modest decrease in grain yield was seen in the non-Bt, no tefluthrin treatment; however,

no discernible change in grain yield was seen between the Bt corn treatments (Sara

Whiting et al., 2014).

Insecticides have been proven to have negative side effects on insects that are not

their intended targets despite their potential for great good. Butterflies are well-

researched, recognized as reliable environmental health indicators, and they play a

significant role in ecosystems. Butterflies are an extremely useful model for the

investigation of off-target consequences of pesticide use due to the wealth of information

previously known about their ecology and the greater accessibility of their genomes. The

interplay between a wide range of biotic and abiotic variables and the impacts of

pesticides result in complicated, not just linear, consequences. Furthermore, from the

molecular to the metapopulation level, similar effects can be seen. Hence, research

should seek to analyze these complicated consequences on various levels (Nora Braak,

2018).

Sustainable development of insecticide

Tropical cropping techniques are heavily reliant on synthetic insecticides, which

raises concerns about sustainability. In order to identify research subjects in insecticide

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research that should be supported in order to achieve sustainable crop systems, we

undertook a bibliometric analysis of the most recent literature on insecticides (2017–

2019) using the roadmap for the Sustainable Development Goals. Insecticide

contamination, degradation, and impacts on non-target organisms were noted as topics

with the potential to lessen the negative effects of synthetic insecticides. Bioinsecticides

and integrated pest management were identified as potential substitutes for synthetic

insecticides. We also emphasized the peculiarities unique to the tropics (tropical climate,

high biodiversity, strong traditional knowledge, insecticide regulations, lack of local

scientific data, and farmer training through extension services) and why these

peculiarities should be taken into consideration when determining the research topics. In

order to encourage cross-disciplinary research synergies, we finally propose combining

the identified study subjects (Quentin & Pierre, 2020).

Subsistence and transitional farmers utilize homemade botanical pesticides

extensively in low-income nations. Their use is frequently motivated by the expensive or

scarce nature of commercial insecticides. Agricultural extension programs and other

development organizations sometimes suggest using homemade plant pesticides. This,

however, can be contested because there may not be any or easy access to scientific proof

of their safety and efficacy. Despite extensive research on plants having insecticidal

characteristics, there hasn't been any synthesis that focuses exclusively on homegrown

remedies utilized in actual field or storage situations. In this article, we examine

evaluations of the effectiveness of botanical ingredients used to make DIY pesticides.

This analysis demonstrates that all the chosen botanicals have active components with

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insecticidal, antifeedant, or repellent properties, and homemade insecticides based on all

the chosen botanicals have been used to control pests or prevent damage with some

success, though efficacy was inconsistent and frequently lower than the positive controls

(synthetic pesticides). The quantity and composition of active ingredients in plant

material, as well as changes in the production method, are all variables that might

determine how effective a homemade botanical pesticid (Julien et al., 2019).

How long before an insecticide starts to work against cockroaches?

Insecticide preparation techniques and needed quantity of liquid

The use of organic solvents in the raw material extraction process has revealed

certain drawbacks, including the inability to completely remove the solvents, the

potential for extract destruction at high extraction temperatures, the energy-intensive

nature of solvent extraction, the issue of disposing of toxic waste, the production of a

product that needs more purification, etc. In order to maximize recovery yields, lower

costs, and have the least negative effects on the environment and human health, new

extraction technologies must be developed. Methods of supercritical fluid extraction

(SCFE) may be able to improve selectivity and purity while addressing these necessary

improvements (Capuzzo et al., 2013). the production of extracts with high purity and

toxicological safety is especially important. Supercritical fluids have several major

advantages over liquid solvents, including: the supercritical fluid has a higher diffusion

coefficient and lower viscosity and surface tension than a liquid solvent, leading to more

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favorable mass transfer; the supercritical fluid's dissolving power is dependent on its

density, which is highly adjustable by changing the pressure or/and temperature (De

Marco, et al., 2016).

Effectiveness of other homemade insecticide

Local Literature and Studies:

According to the study, Tabasco pepper extract can be used as a natural substitute

for artificial insecticides because it is effective at reducing the number of Tabasco. In the

Philippines, tabasco pepper is used as an insecticide, mainly for pest control. (E. M.

Hulleza, 2015). In this study, capsaicin, the active ingredient in Tabasco pepper, was

tested for its effectiveness as a biopesticide against the Tabasco pepper. (J. Algararmalai,

et al., 2017). (M.R. Dumlao and colleagues, 2016). The effectiveness of chili peppers,

particularly Tabasco pepper, as a bioinsecticide for the control of thrips in tomato crops

was assessed in this study. This study assessed the effectiveness of various plant extracts,

including Tabasco pepper extract, as antifeedants, insecticides, and repellents against

insecticide. (C.C. Alibay et al., 2017). In a barangay in Tanauan City, Batangas, this

study assessed the effectiveness of Capsicum frutescens extract, including Tabasco

pepper extract, as pesticide against dengue vectors. (J.M. Maristela et al., 2017). (M.

Badri et al., 2015). This study assessed the effectiveness of Tabasco pepper extract and

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Azadirachta indica and Capsicum frutescens extracts as insecticides against the

diamondback moth. In this study, the anti-brown planthopper efficacy of capsaicin,

capsiate, and capsaicinoid analogues—all compounds found in chili peppers, including

Tabasco pepper—was assessed. (F.R. De Guzman et al., 2014).

Chapter III

Methodology

This experimental research determined how effective and how long the shelf life

of the insecticide. This will include the following: the restatement of the problem, the

research design, the materials and ingredients, the procedures, the treatments, the locale

of the study, the respondents of the study, the instrumentations, the statistical treatment

and finally, ethical consideration.

Restatement of the Problems

This study will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of Tabasco Pepper as

an Insecticide against Cockroaches, the possible side effect and how long it will last.

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Research Design

This is Quantitative-experiment research. This section covered the design on how

the procedures or the methods of the research were done. This research wanted to know

the effectiveness of Tabasco Pepper as an Insecticide against Cockroaches.

Research Paradigm

Process of making an
Tabasco pepper
insecticide:
and  Preparing
 Gathering
Water  Washing
 Chopping
 Extracting
 Mixing
 Straining
 Testing

Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3

Tabasco pepper Tabasco pepper Tabasco pepper
extract – 50% extract – 75% extract -
(5ml) (7.5ml) 100%(10ml)
Water – 50% Water – 25% Water – 0% (0ml)
(5ml) (2.5ml)

Alternative Insecticide

The shelf-life of The side effects of The effectiveness

the tabasco using insecticide on of the tabasco
insecticide. insect. insecticide.

TABULAR
DATA

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CONCLUSION

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

Materials and ingredients

Materials Needed:

 Bowl or Bucket
 Knife
 Spray bottle
 Measuring cups
 Spoon

Ingredients needed

 Tabasco pepper

 Water

Research procedure

I. Preparatory

In Polomolok, South Cotabato, the researcher will gather 1 kilo of Tabasco

pepper. For the pepper to be clean, it will be thoroughly cleaned so that there will be no

unwanted particle on it. The things we need to prepare are Bowl or bucket, measuring

cups, knife, spray bottle, ladle and the tabasco pepper.

A. Tabasco pepper

1. Carefully wash the 1kg tabasco pepper.

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2. Get the knife to chop the tabasco pepper and put it in a bowl.

B. Materials

1. Prepare the important things that is needed in making a pesticide such

as bowls, knife, strainer, blender, spray bottles, and measuring cups.

2. Before using these materials, clean and washed it.

II. Extracting Process

A. Tabasco pepper

1. Get all the Tabasco pepper and put it in the bowl.

2. Simply chop the tabasco pepper using a knife into small pieces.

3. Put the sliced tabasco pepper in a bowl.

4. Prepare the blender to be used for extraction

5. Put the sliced tabasco pepper in the blender

6. Prepare a strainer to remove the pulp

7. Strain the pepper until all the liquid of the solution drops.

III. Making an alternative insecticide

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A. Preparation of the product.

1. Clean and wash the spray bottle beforehand.

2. According to treatments, the amount of ingredients that will be used will only

vary in 10mL.

3. By the process of the extraction, the liquid solution will be placed in the

spray bottle.

4. The product is ready to be tested.

IV. Directions for use

1. Find the target insect of the product.

2. If you find the desired insects, spray 3 to 5 times using the insecticide.

3. Use it daily if you still see insects in your garden.

4. Refill the spray bottle.

APPLICATION AND TESTING

1. After the first harvest of tabasco product, that will be the time where will be the

harvest of tabasco pepper occur.

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2. The pepper will undergo the process of cleaning, preparing, gathering,

washing, chopping, mixing, straining, blending and also the extraction on the pepper will

be processed.

3. After the processes, the alternative insecticide will be made and is ready for

testing.

4. Look for a place that has insects on it and spray the insecticide to know if it is

effective.

Table 1: Indication of Treatments

TREATMENTS

Scaling for treatments: 100 % (10ml)

Table1: Indication of Treatments

TREATMENT COMPOSITION AMOUNT

TREATMENT 1 Tabasco pepper extract 50%(5ml)

Water 50%(5ml)

TREATMENT 2 Tabasco pepper extract 75%(7.5ml)

Water 25%(2.5ml)

TREATMENT 3 Tabasco pepper extract 100%(10ml)

Water 0%(0ml)

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Table 2: Treatments and Replication

TREATMENT REPLICATE 1 REPLICATE 2 REPLICATE 3

Treatment 1:

Tabasco pepper

extract –

50%(5ml)

Water – 50%(5ml)

Treatment 2:

Tabasco pepper

extract –

75%(7.5ml)

Water –

25%(2.5ml)

Treatment3:

Tabasco pepper

extract –

100%(10ml)

Water – 0%(0ml)

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INSTRUMENTATION

Table 3: Effectiveness of the insecticide in term of terminating the insects.

Ratings Description

5 The infestation insects have been completely terminated.

(Excellent)

4 The infestation of insects has been reduced by 80%

(Above Average)

3 The infestation of insects has been reduced by 60%

(Average)

2 The infestation of insects has been reduced by 40%

(Below Average)

1 The infestation of insects has been reduced by 20%

(Poor)

0 The infestation of insects has been reduced by 0%

(Very Poor)

The toxicity of various insecticides, such as pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, to

German cockroaches was examined in the study "Toxicity of Insecticides to the German

Cockroach and Nontarget Insects" by Arthur et al. (2013). It was also determined

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whether these chemicals might have any negative effects on non-target insects. On the

effectiveness and selectivity of several pesticides, useful information was supplied.

Effectivity Test

Observing and examining the effectiveness of the insecticidal potential of the fruit

extract of tabasco pepper with 3 different treatments where each has 3 replicates involves

observing the behavior, and mortality of cockroach in different concentrations of fruit

extracts, counting the number of dead cockroach, and analyzing the data statistically to

determine the effectiveness of each treatment.

Mortality Rate Formula:

Mortality Rate= Number of Deaths Recorded x 100

Total Number of the Population

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Table 4: Rate for Effectiveness Test

Rate Condition Remarks

Very high insecticidal

5 activity (mortality Excellent

percentage 80 to 90%)

High insecticidal activity

4 (mortality percentage 60 to Above Average

79%)

Moderate insecticidal

3 activity (mortality Average

percentage 40 to 59%)

Low insecticidal activity

2 (mortality percentage 20 to Below Average

39%)

No significant insecticidal

1 activity (mortality Poor

percentage 0 to 20%)

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Effectivity Test

It is used to assess how well the product performs in reducing the cockroach

population. These tests typically involve applying the solution in cockroach and

observing the cockroach over a specific timeframe. The effectiveness of the insecticide is

measured by the percentage of cockroach that are killed or repelled during this period. A

higher effectiveness indicates a more successful outcome in managing the insect

infestation, making the Tabasco Pepper insecticide a potentially valuable solution for

pest control.

Table 5: Basis of the Effectivity Test

Rate Description Remarks

5 The product works incredibly well and gets rid of Excellent
cockroach completely within 30 seconds.

4 The product works very well, reducing the Above Average

number of cockroach significantly within 1
minutes.
3 The product works decently, noticeably reducing Average
the number of cockroach within 2 minutes.
2 The product works somewhat, providing a limited Below Average
reduction in cockroach numbers within 3 minutes.
1 The product doesn't work, and cockroach remain Poor
unchanged within 3 minutes.

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Table 6: Scaling and Observation for the Effectiveness Test

Treatment Replication Mean

Treatment 1 Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3

Tabasco Pepper
as Insecticide
(5mL Tabasco
Pepper extracts
and 5mL Water)

Treatment 2

Tabasco Pepper
as Insecticide
(7.5mL Tabasco
Pepper extracts
and 2.5mL
Water)

Treatment 3

Tabasco Pepper
as Insecticide
(10mL Tabasco
Pepper extract)

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The shelf-life of the insecticidal fruit extracts of tabasco pepper

To observe and examine the shelf-life of the insecticidal fruit extract of tabasco

pepper. Store the extracts in three different type of containers, such as plastic spray

bottle, and label each container with the date of preparation. The shelf-life of the solution

is then determined based on how long it remains effective, and it is tested for its

insecticidal activity against cockroach. Additionally, some common physical changes

that may occur during the storage of these extracts are color changes, sedimentation, and

pH changes due to the breakdown of the active compounds or growth of microorganisms

in the extract.

Table 7: Rating the Shelf-life Test

Rate Condition Remarks

Excellent shelf-life, with

no significant physical

changes and no reduction

5 in effectiveness after a Excellent

prolonged period of

storage (last up to 10 days

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and above).

Good shelf-life with

minimal physical changes

4 and minimal reduction in Above Average

effectiveness after a

moderate period of storage

(last up to 8-10 days).

Average shelf-life, with

minor physical changes

3 and some reduction in Average

effectiveness after a

moderate period of storage

(last up to 6-8 days).

Below average shelf-life,

with some physical

changes and reduced Below Average

2 effectiveness after a

moderate period of storage

(last up to 3-6 days).

Poor shelf-life, with

significant physical

changes and reduced Poor

effectiveness after a short

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1 period of storage (last up to

2 days).

Research Locale

This research will be conducted in the research’s place at Purok San Gabriel

Homes Polomolok South Cotabato where the formulation of Tabasco Pepper will be

extracted. All the materials and ingredients are available in local market nearby. The

following ingredients and the materials needed for the study is in Polomolok South

Cotabato.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the farmers who uses insecticide to help their

plantation safe from insects.

Research Instrument

The following criteria on how will be used to determine the efficacy of the

tabasco pepper as an insecticide against cockroach.

Statistical Analysis

The researcher used tabular data in presenting the data on testing the different

treatments about efficacy of Tabasco pepper extract as an insecticide in terminating the

insects.

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Ethical Consideration

In this research, the ethical considerations will be observed:

 The insecticide is surely made of alternative ingredients.

 There will be no harm to the environment.

 Researcher’s health will not be harmed since this will be tested on insects.

The main target in this research are the insects.

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Chapter IV

This chapter presents the result of the conducted research which also includes the

analysis of the gathered data and interpretation of the result.

Table 8: Ratings of the Insecticidal Potential of the Fruit Extract of Tabasco Pepper

(Capsicum frutescens) based on the effectivity.

Treatments Replicate Rating Description Mortality Remarks

Rate

Treatment 1 Replicate 1 Low insecticidal

Tabasco Pepper as
Insecticide Replicate 2 3 Activity 3 to 9 deaths 33.3% Below
(5mL Tabasco
pepper extracts Replicate 3 (mortality percentage Average
and
5mL Water) 20 -39%)

Treatment 2 Replicate 1 High insecticidal

Tabasco Pepper as
Insecticide Replicate 2 activity 6 to 9 deaths Above
(7.5mL Tabasco
pepper extracts Replicate 3 4 (mortality percentage 66.6% Average
and
2.5mL Water) 60 – 79%)

Treatment 3 Replicate 1 Very high insecticidal

Tabasco Pepper as
Insecticide Replicate 2 activity (mortality 100% Excellent
(10mL Tabasco
pepper extracts) Replicate 3 5 percentage 80 to

100%)

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Interpretation

The composition of fruit extracts in each treatment shows different levels of

insecticidal activity, according to the results. Relative to Treatment 2, which had a higher

percentage (75% Tabasco Pepper and 25% Water), the former showed higher insecticidal

activity (60-79% mortality), and Treatment 3, which had the highest percentage of fruit

extract (100% Tabasco Pepper) showed the highest insecticidal activity (80-100%

mortality). Treatment 1 had a lower percentage (50% of both Tabasco Pepper and Water)

and consequently lower insecticidal activities (20-39% mortality). These results imply

that the fruit extracts' insecticidal effectiveness is dependent on the quantity and mix of

the extracts.

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Table 9: Effectivity Test

Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3 Mean

Treatments

Treatment 1

5ml of tabasco 2.11 mins. 2.14 mins. 2.22 mins. 2.16

pepper and 5ml

water

Treatment 2

7.5ml of

tabasco pepper 1.22 mins. 1.16 mins. 1.24 mins 1.20

and 2.5ml

water

Treatment 3

10ml tabasco 0.32 mins. 0.36 mins. 0.33 mins. 0.34

pepper

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Interpretation

The experimental data that is being presented describes three different treatments,

with the quantity of water and Tabasco pepper in each treatment varying. Treatment 1,

consisting of 5ml of Tabasco pepper and 5ml of water, had a mean duration of 2.16

minutes, whereas Treatment 2, consisting of 7.5ml of Tabasco pepper and 2.5ml of

water, had a shorter mean duration of 1.20 minutes. The shortest mean duration, 0.34

minutes, was observed in Treatment 3, which used 10ml of Tabasco pepper alone. An

obvious pattern points to an opposite relationship between the amount of Tabasco pepper

used and the duration of treatment. The time frame tends to get shorter as the amount of

Tabasco pepper increases. However, further context—such as the goal of the experiment,

particular measurements, and the overall implications of the observed durations—is

necessary to fully understand the significance of these findings.

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Significant differences

In the conducted analysis of variance (ANOVA), the obtained p-value is 1.02E-

08,

Exceeding the pre-set significance level (alpha) of 0.05. This suggested, from an

objective standpoint, that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

Generally, the null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference between the

group means that are being compared.

H0: There is no significant difference between the efficacy of all treatments, employing

insecticidal spray, longevity and shelf life.

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Table 10: Rating and Observation for the Shelf-life Test

Treatments Replicate Rating Description

Treatment 1 Average shelf-life, with

Tabasco Pepper as minor physical changes and

Insecticide Replicate 1 some reduction in

(5mL Tabasco pepper Replicate 2 3 effectiveness after a

extracts and 5mL Water) Replicate 3 moderate period of storage

(last up to 6-8 days).

Treatment 2 Good shelf-life with minimal

Tabasco Pepper as physical changes and

Insecticide Replicate 1 minimal reduction in

(7.5mL Tabasco pepper Replicate 2 4 effectiveness after a

extracts and 2.5mL Replicate 3 moderate period of storage

Water) (last up to 8-10 days).

Treatment 3 Good shelf-life with minimal

Tabasco Pepper as physical changes and

Insecticide (10mL Replicate 1 minimal reduction in

Tabasco pepper extracts) Replicate 2 4 effectiveness after a

Replicate 3 moderate period of storage

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(last up to 8-10 days).

Interpretation

Consistent results across all replicates are demonstrated by Treatment 2 and

Treatment 3 in the evaluation data of these treatments. Both Treatments 1 and 2 exhibit

good shelf-life qualities. Treatments 1 and 2 show little physical changes despite the

different fruit extract composition in each treatment, while Treatment 3 has an average

shelf-life with minor physical changes and a slight reduction in effectiveness. Despite

being stored for a moderate amount of time—1 to 10 days—and exceeding the

percentages suggested by Tabasco Pepper Extract, they demonstrate remarkable stability.

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Chapter V

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations

Summary

The findings of the research show that the concentration of pure Tabasco Pepper

extract used determines how well Tabasco Pepper fruit extract kills cockroaches. More

specifically, the effectiveness of this insecticide is greatly dependent upon the amount of

pure Tabasco pepper extract that is added. Treatment 3, which applied 10 mL of pure

Tabasco Pepper fruit extract, was found to have the fastest results in eliminating

cockroaches. This emphasizes how crucial it is to carefully evaluate the Tabasco Pepper

extract concentration in upcoming applications, as it has a significant impact on the

effectiveness of this organic insecticide.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Effectivity test showed that treatments containing higher

amounts of Tabasco pepper extracts had a significant insecticidal effect, resulting in an

80–100% mortality rate. The results of the shelf-life test showed that the three plant

extracts had good stability and efficacy over a moderate storage period of one to ten

days, making them beneficial for use within the specified period of time.

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Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study the researcher recommends the following, for

future researchers to conduct:

1. Future researchers should focus on creating insecticides with higher concentrations of

Tabasco Pepper extracts since they have been demonstrated to be more successful at

reducing cockroaches. To achieve maximum insecticidal activity, this entails

experimenting with different concentrations at ideal levels.

2. Future researchers are advised to conduct repeat efficacy tests after the initial 10-day

period to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the item's long-term use and

efficiency. This process facilitates the development of accurate and achievable

insecticidal pest control solutions.

3. Add more treatments and number of subjects per replicate.

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