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A computer consists of five basic components that work together to process data: the central processing unit (CPU), arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit, memory unit, and input/output units. The CPU contains the ALU for mathematical operations and the control unit for managing instructions. Data is entered via input devices like keyboards and mice, stored in memory, processed by the CPU, and output via monitors or printers.

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15 views

Table of Contents

A computer consists of five basic components that work together to process data: the central processing unit (CPU), arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit, memory unit, and input/output units. The CPU contains the ALU for mathematical operations and the control unit for managing instructions. Data is entered via input devices like keyboards and mice, stored in memory, processed by the CPU, and output via monitors or printers.

Uploaded by

Akshit Bansal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computers

Table of Contents
What is a computer? 1
Central Processing Unit 2
Components of Computer 3
Arithmetic Logic Unit 3.1
Control Unit 3.2
Memory Unit 3.3
Input Unit 3.4
Output Unit 3.5

Type chapter title (level 3) 6

1
Introduction to Computers
1.)What is a computer?
A computer is a complex electronic device that is capable of processing,
storing and retrieving data. It consists of several inter connected
components that work together to perform various tasks.
Figure 1.1

2.)Central Pvrocessing Unit (CPU)


The CPU is the brain of the computer. It executes instructions and performs
calculations. It consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for mathematical
operations, control unit for managing instructions, and
registers for temporary storage of data.

Figure 2.1

3.)Components of Computer
There are five basic components of the computer which help in

making this processing of data easier and convenient.

a.) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)


As the name suggests, all the mathematical calculations or
arithmetic operations are performed in the Arithmetic and Logical
Unit of the CPU.
Figure 3.1
It can also perform actions like a comparison of data and decision-making actions. The ALU
comprises circuits using which addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other
numerical based calculations can be performed.

b.) Control Unit (CU)


This is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer device. It is one of
the most essential components of the computer system.

The Control Unit collects the data entered using the input unit, leads it on for processing and
once that is done, receives the output and presents it to the user. It can be said to the center
of all processing actions taking place inside a computer device.

Basically, the instructions taken, interpretation of entered data, issuing signals to execute the
data and then finally retrieving the data is all done in the Control Unit.

2
Introduction to Computers
c.) Memory Unit (MU)
When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the entered information
immediately gets saved in the memory unit of the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Because of
the presence of some existing programming, the Memory Unit transmits the data further to
the other parts of the CPU.

Similarly, when the output of our command is processed by the computer, it is saved in the
memory unit before giving the output to the user.

d.) Input Unit


A computer will only respond when a command is given
to the device. These commands can be given using the
input unit or the input devices.

For example: Using a keyboard we can type things on a


Notepad and the computer processes the entered data
and then displays the output of the same of the screen.

The data entered can be in the form of numbers,


alphabet, images, etc. We enter the information using an
input device, the processing units convert it into
computer understandable languages and then the final Figure 4.2
output is received by a human-understandable language.

Here are the various input devices.

i.) Keyboards
A simple device comprising keys and each key denotes either an alphabet, number or
number commands which can be given to a computer for various actions to be
performed.

Figure 3.3
 Ergonomic keyboard
A keyboard placing design emphasis on ergonomics and comfort.
 Chorded keyboard
A keyboard used by pressing several keys together.
 Thumb keyboard
A miniature keyboard found in PDAs and mobile phones.
 Keyer
A chorded keyboard without the board.
 Numeric keypad
While some keyboards include them (commonly found at the right side), numeric keypads can be
found as independent devices.

3
Introduction to Computers
ii.) Mouse
iii.) Sensors
iv.)

4
Introduction to Computers
e.) Output Unit
When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action
performed and gives us a result. This result is called output. There are
various output devices connected to the computer. The most basic of which
is a monitor. Whatever we write using a keyboard or click using a mouse, is
all displayed on the monitor.

Thus, the output unit gives us the final result once the entire processing is
done within the mechanism of a device.
Figure 3.2
For example: when we visit an ATM, we enter our details like language, pin,
amount to be withdrawn, etc. and then the final money which the cash
dispenser releases is our outcome. In this case, the cash dispenser acts as an output unit.

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