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Reviewer Basic Instrumentation

This document discusses different types of pressure and level measurement instruments. It describes absolute pressure, gauge pressure, and differential pressure. It also lists some common pressure measurement devices like barometers, pressure gauges, and U tube manometers. The document then discusses factors to consider when selecting pressure sensors like the process material, operating environment, pressure range, and sensitivity. It lists some common pressure measuring methods like elastic distortion and electrical methods. Specific pressure instruments are also described like Bourdon tube gauges, bellows gauges, diaphragm gauges, and differential pressure cells. The document concludes by covering different level measurement sensors including visual, float type, conductive, capacitance, and radiation sensors.

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8 views

Reviewer Basic Instrumentation

This document discusses different types of pressure and level measurement instruments. It describes absolute pressure, gauge pressure, and differential pressure. It also lists some common pressure measurement devices like barometers, pressure gauges, and U tube manometers. The document then discusses factors to consider when selecting pressure sensors like the process material, operating environment, pressure range, and sensitivity. It lists some common pressure measuring methods like elastic distortion and electrical methods. Specific pressure instruments are also described like Bourdon tube gauges, bellows gauges, diaphragm gauges, and differential pressure cells. The document concludes by covering different level measurement sensors including visual, float type, conductive, capacitance, and radiation sensors.

Uploaded by

pingortega123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measuring Instruments: Pressure and Level

Types of Pressure Measurement


1. Absolute Pressure – atmospheric pressure plus gauge pressure
2. Gauge Pressure – absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure
3. Differential Pressure – pressure differences between two locations
Barometer – for measuring atmospheric pressure.
Pressure Gauge
U Tube Manometer

Sensor Collection Criteria


a. Process – possible chemical reaction when the pressure sensing element comes into contact
with the process material.
b. Environment – vibrations, temperature, and other conditions should be considered. Corrosive
environment and heavy vibrations or extreme temperatures could require added level of
protection
Glycerin or silicone – used to protect the internal components of the sensor
c. Pressure Range –
d. Sensitivity – the more precise the sensor the more expensive it is, hence, it’s important to use
economically viable for the precision required. Time is also an essential element; it is
unadvisable to use sensors which takes time to give accurate readings.
PRESSURE MEASURING METHODS:

1. Height of the liquid in column, 2. Elastic Distortion, 3. Electrical Methods


Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge – operates at a pressure range of 0.1-700 MPa, portable and
require low maintenance, low accuracy, used only for static measurements.
Bellow Pressure Gauge – used at low pressures less than 0.2 MPa with sensitivity of 0.0012
MPa. Can only be connected to an on/off switch or potentiometer
Differential Pressure Bellows
Diaphragm Pressure Gauge – used the elastic deformation of a membrane to measure pressure
differences in a system. Very sensitive to pressure changes.
Differential Pressure Cells – measuring the pressure differential caused by orifice plates, flow
nozzles, or venturi meters. The pressure Differential is commonly ‘sensed’ by a diaphragm that is
paired with capacitive element that generates signal.
Level Sensors – Allow the control of fluid in a vessel. It is installed in equipment such as
reactors, distillation columns, evaporators, mixing tanks.
Three important data for control:
the amount of materials available for processing, amount of products in storage, operating
condition.
Visual Level Sensors
Sight glass, Dipstick
Float Type Level Sensors – Take measurements at interface or materials where movement of the
float are caused by the differing densities of the float and the fluid.
Advantages: do not require an external energy to operate, Simplicity
Should only be used in clean fluids. Fluids containing suspended solids could foul the operation
of the machine as this could increase friction on the mechanical linkages and could delay sensor
experiences.
Electrical Level Sensors
a. Conductive level sensors - use a probe to read conductivity. The probe has a pair of electrodes and
applies alternating current to them. When a liquid covers the probe, its electrodes form a part on an
electric circuit, causing a current to flow thereby signaling a high or low level. This type of sensors is
typically used for conductive and corrosive liquids.
b. Capacitance Level Sensors – use the change in capacitance measure the height of the liquid. It could
be use for chemical/petrochemical, food, charcoal, pharmaceutical, and mining industries.
Radiation Level Sensors – measure liquid level based on the material’s ability to absorb or reflect
radiation.

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