QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS

RATIONALIZING IRRATIONAL NUMBER

Written by :

SYAHLUL ERBI SYAPUTRA

 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS

√32015
1. Value of is…
√32015 −√32013

Solution :

√32015
√32015 − √32013

√32015 √32015 + √32013

= ×
√32015 − √32013 √32015 + √32013

√32015 (√32015 + √32013 )

=
32015 − 32013
2015+2013
32015 + 3 2
=
32013 (32 − 1)

32015 + 32014
=
32013 (9 − 1)

32014 (3 + 1)
=
32013 × 8
3 ×4
=
8
3
=
2

𝐴5𝑥 − 𝐴−5𝑥
2. If 𝐴2𝑥 = 2, that =…
𝐴3𝑥 + 𝐴−3𝑥

Solution : 𝐴2𝑥 = 2

For example 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑎

𝑎2 = 2

2 1
𝐴5𝑥 − 𝐴−5𝑥 𝑎 − 𝑎5
=
𝐴3𝑥 + 𝐴−3𝑥 𝑎3 − 1
𝑎3
𝑎10 − 1 𝑎3
= ( ) × ( )
𝑎5 𝑎6 + 1

𝑎10
=
𝑎2 (𝑎6 + 1)
 (𝑎2 )5 − 1
=
𝑎2 ((𝑎2 )3 + 1)

32 − 1
=
2(8 + 1)

31
=
18

3. If 27𝑚 = 8, that 3. 9𝑚 − 3𝑚+1 = …

Solution :

27𝑚 = 8

↔33𝑚 = 23

↔ 3𝑚 = 2

So that :

9𝑚 − 3𝑚+1 = 3 . (3𝑚 )2 – 3.3𝑚

= 3. 22 – 3.2

= 12 – 6

= 6
3
√(0,008)7−2𝑥
4. Tentukan nilai 𝑥 yang memenuhi persamaan (0,2)−4𝑥+5
= 1 is…

Solution :
3
√(0,008)7−2𝑥
= 1
(0,2)−4𝑥+5

(0,2)7−2𝑥
= 1
(0,2)−4𝑥+5

(0,2)7−2𝑥+4𝑥−5 = (0,2)0

7 – 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 – 5 = 1

– 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 1 – 7 + 5

2𝑥 = – 1

1
𝑥 = −
2
 3
5. Value of 𝑥 which satisfies the equation 4𝑥+2 = √16𝑥+5 is…

Solution :
3
4𝑥+2 = √16𝑥+5
3
22(𝑥+2) = √24(𝑥+5)
4𝑥+20
22𝑥+4 = 2 3

4𝑥 + 20
2𝑥 + 4 =
3
6𝑥 + 12 = 4𝑥 + 20

6𝑥 – 4𝑥 = 20 – 12

2𝑥 = 8

𝑥= 4

6. Find the value of 𝑥 that satisfies the equation 163𝑥 – 3. 43𝑥+1 – 64 = 0 is…

Solution :

16^3𝑥 – 3. 43𝑥+1 – 64 = 0

(43𝑥 )2 − 3. 43𝑥 . 4 − 64 = 0

(43𝑥 )2 – 12 . 43𝑥 − 64 = 0

For example : 𝑝 = 43𝑥

𝑝2 − 12𝑝 − 64 = 0

(𝑝 + 4)(𝑝 − 16)

𝑝 =– 4 atau 𝑝 = 16

43𝑥 = – 4 (imposible)

43𝑥 = 16

43𝑥 = 42

3𝑥 = 2

2
𝑥=
3
7. We know the exponential equation 8𝑥−1 = 44+1, determine value of 𝑥.

Solution :

8𝑥−1 = 44+1

8𝑥
= 4𝑥 . 4
8
8𝑥 = 4𝑥 . 32

2𝑥 4𝑥
= 32
4𝑥
2𝑥 = 32

= 2𝑙𝑜𝑔32

Or

𝑙𝑜𝑔8𝑥−1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔4𝑥+1

(𝑥 − 1)𝑙𝑜𝑔8 = (𝑥 + 1)𝑙𝑜𝑔4

𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔8 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔4 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔4

𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔8 − 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔4 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔4

𝑥(𝑙𝑜𝑔8 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔4) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔4

𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔32

𝑙𝑜𝑔32
𝑥 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔2

𝑥 = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔32

8. If 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 meet the equation 24𝑥+1 − 12. 22𝑥+1 = −32,so that 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 is…

Solution :

24𝑥+1 − 12. 22𝑥+1 = −32

24𝑥+1 − 12. 22𝑥+1 = −32

22(2𝑥+1) − 12. 22𝑥+1 = −32

For example : 22𝑥+1 = 𝑝,

So that: 22(2𝑥+1) − 12. 22𝑥+1 = −32

𝑝2 − 12𝑝 = 32

𝑝2 − 12𝑝 + 32 = 0
 (𝑝 − 8)(𝑝 − 4)

𝑝 = 8 or 𝑝 = 4

22𝑥+1 = 𝑝1 22𝑥+1 = 𝑝2

22𝑥+1 = 8 22𝑥+1 = 4

22𝑥+1 = 23 22𝑥+1 = 22

2𝑥 + 1 = 3 2𝑥 + 1 = 2

2𝑥 = 2 2𝑥 = 1
1
𝑥1 = 1 𝑥2 = 2

1
So that 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 1 + 2

2+1
=
2
3
=
2

9. If 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfy the system of equations

2𝑥+1 − 3𝑦 = 7

– 2𝑥−1 + 3𝑦+1 = 1

Then value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 is…

Solution :

2𝑥+1 − 3𝑦 = 7 → 2𝑥 . 2 − 3𝑦 = 7→ 2p – 3q = 7
2𝑥 𝑝
– 2𝑥−1 + 3𝑦+1 = 1 → − + 3𝑦 . 3 = 1 → − 2 + 3q = 1
2

For example: 2𝑥 = 𝑝

3𝑦 = 𝑞

2p – 3q = 7 – 𝑝 + 3𝑞 = 2

-p + 3q =2 – 5 + 3𝑞 = 2

𝑝 = 5 3𝑞 = 7

7
𝑞=
3
 7
2𝑥 = 5 3𝑦 = 3

2 3 7
log5=x log 3= y

3
log 7 – 3log 3= y
3
log 7 – 1 = y

So that nilai 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2log 5 + 3log 7 – 1

2 +𝑥−6 1 𝑥−2
10. The set of solutions to the equations (3)𝑥 =( ) is 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 . The value of 𝑥1 +
9
𝑥2 is…

Solution :

2 1 𝑥−2
(3)𝑥 +𝑥−6 =( )
9
2 +𝑥−6
(3)𝑥 = (3)−2(𝑥−2)

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 = –2x + 4

𝑥 2 + 3x – 10 =0

(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 2)

𝑥1 = – 5 or 𝑥2 = 2

So that, value of 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = – 5 + 2 = – 3

𝑓(𝑥+3)
11. If f(x) = 2𝑥 , so that =…
𝑓(𝑥−1)

Solution :

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥
2𝑥+3
= 2(𝑥+3)−(𝑥−1)
2𝑥−1

= 2𝑥+3−𝑥+1

= 22

=4
12. For 𝑥 and 𝑦 that satisfy the system of equations 5𝑥−2𝑦+1 = 25𝑥−2𝑦

and 4𝑥−𝑦+2 = 32𝑥−2𝑦+1, so that value of 𝑥 . 𝑦 is…

Solution :

5𝑥−2𝑦+1 = 25𝑥−2𝑦

5𝑥−2𝑦+1 = 52(𝑥−2𝑦)

𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 2𝑥 – 4𝑦

x – 2y = 1………..(1)

4𝑥−𝑦+2 = 32𝑥−2𝑦+1

22(𝑥−𝑦+2) = 25(𝑥−2𝑦+1)

2x – 2y + 4= 5x – 10y +5

3x – 8y = – 1……….(2)

From the equation 1 and 2: x – 2y = 1 3 → 3x – 6y = 3

3x – 8y = – 1 1 → 3x – 8y = –1

Substitute into equation 1 2y = 4

x – 2y = 1 y=2

x – 2(2) =1

x – 4 = –1

x=3 so that value of 𝑥 . 𝑦 = 3 × 2 = 6

13. Sum of the roots of the equation 5𝑥+1 + 5𝑥−1 = 11 is…

Solution :

5𝑥+1 + 5𝑥−1 = 11
5𝑥
5𝑥 . 5 + = 11 |× 5𝑥 |
5

5 (5𝑥 )2 − 11. 5𝑥 + 5 = 0

For example: 5𝑥 = 𝑝

5𝑝2 − 11𝑝 + 5 = 0

(5𝑝 − 5)(𝑝 − 1)
 5
𝑝1 = or 𝑝2 = 1
5

substitution to 5𝑥 = 𝑝
5
5𝑥 = 5 5𝑥 = 1

5𝑥 = 1 5
log 1 = x

5𝑥 = 50 0 = x2

x1 = 0 so that, 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 0

1
14. Result of is…
√2+√5+√6

Solution :

1 1 (√3 + √5) − √6
= ×
√2 + √5 + √6 (√3 + √5) + √6 (√3 + √5) − √6

(√3 + √5) − √6
=
(3 + 5 + 2√15) − 6

(√3 + √5) − √6
=
2√15 + 2

√3 + √5 − √6 √15 − 1
= ×
2(√15 + 1) √15 − 1

√45 − √3 + √75 − √5 − 3√10 + √6

=
2(15 − 1)

3√5 − √3 + 5√3 − √5 − 3√10 + √6

=
2(14)

4√3 + 2√5 + √6 − 3√10

=
28

2 −𝑥−12)
15. The sum of all the roots of the equation 10(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 = (𝑥 − 4)2 (𝑥 +
3)2
2 −𝑥−12)
Solution : 10(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 = (𝑥 − 4)2 (𝑥 + 3)2
2 −𝑥−12)
log{10. (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 } = log(𝑥 − 4)2 (𝑥 + 3)2
2 −𝑥−12)
log10 + log (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 = log {(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 3)}2
 2 −𝑥−12)
1 + log (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 = log (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)2

1 + log (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12). log (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) = 2 log (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)

1+{𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)}2 − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) = 0

𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) − 2 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) + 1 = 0

For example : log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) = 𝑝

𝑝2 − 2𝑝 + 1 = 0

(𝑝 − 1)(𝑝 − 1)

p1 = 1 and p2 = 1

log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) = 𝑝1

log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) = 1

log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) = log 10

(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) = 1

𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 22 = 0

Using the formula 𝑎𝑏𝑐 we will get 𝑥1 and 𝑥2

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

−(−1) ± √−12 − 4(1)(−22)

=
2(1)

1 ± √1 + 88
=
2

1 + √89
𝑥1 =
2

1 − √89
𝑥2 =
2
then the sum of the roots of all equations is

(1 + √89) + (1 − √89)
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 =
2

1 + √89 + 1 − √89
=
2
2
= = 1
2
16. The value of 𝑥 that satisfies the equation 5𝑥+𝑦 = 49 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6 is…

Solution : 𝑥 – 𝑦 = 6 so that 𝑦 = 𝑥 – 6

5𝑥+𝑦 = 49

↔ 5𝑥+𝑥−6 = 49

↔52𝑥−6 = 49

↔52𝑥−6 = 5⁵𝑙𝑜𝑔49

↔2x – 6 = ⁵log49

↔2x = 6 + ⁵log72

↔2x = 6 + 2 ⁵log 7

↔x = 3 + ⁵log 7

4 8𝑥
17. If 5(23𝑥−2 ) + 20 = 1. so that value of 𝑥…

Solution :
4 8𝑥
(23𝑥−2 )+ 20 = 1
5

𝑥
22 (23 )
(23𝑥−2 )+ =1
5 22 .5

22+3𝑥−2 23𝑥
+ 22.5 = 1
5

22 .23𝑥 +23𝑥
=1
22 .5

22 . 23𝑥 + 23𝑥 = 22 . 5

23𝑥 (22 + 1) = 22 . 5

23𝑥 (4 + 1) = 22 . 5

23𝑥 . 5 = 22 . 5

23𝑥 = 22

2
𝑥 =
3
 13
18. keep it simple .
5+2√3

Solution :

13 13 5 − 2√3
= ×
5 + 2√3 5 + 2√3 5 − 2√3

65 − 26√3
=
25 − 10√3 + 10√3 − 4.3

65 − 26√3
=
25 − 12

65 − 26√3
=
13

= 5 – 2√3

27
19. The value of 𝑥 that satisfies the equation 32𝑥−1 = 81−0,125 is…

Solution :

27
= 81−0,125
32𝑥−1
33
= (34 )−0,125
32𝑥−1
1
33−2𝑥−1 = 32

1
– 2𝑥 – 2 =
2
– 4𝑥 – 4 = 1

– 4𝑥 = – 3

3
𝑥=
4
20. Known 2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 = 5. Value of 22𝑥 + 2−2𝑥 = ⋯

Solution :

2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 = 5

22𝑥 + 2−2𝑥 = (2𝑥 )2 + (2−𝑥 )2

= (2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 )2 − 2

= 52 − 2

= 25 – 2

= 23