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Development of Smart Home Automation System Based on PLC

Conference Paper · May 2022

DOI: 10.1109/ISCAIE54458.2022.9794550

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 Development of Smart Home Automation System
Based on PLC
N.Syazwani C. J Rosidah Sam Nur Haliza Abdul Wahab
School of Computing, Faculty of Faculty of Electrical Engineering School of Computing, Faculty of
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi UiTM Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, UTM Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia, UTM
2022 IEEE 12th Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE) | 978-1-6654-8703-0/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ISCAIE54458.2022.9794550

Skudai, Johor [email protected] Skudai, Johor

[email protected] [email protected]
M. A. Ahsan Keng Yinn Wong
Noorhazirah Sunar School of Computing, Faculty of School of Mechanical
School of Electrical, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Faculty of Engineering,
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor Malaysia, UTM
Skudai, Johor [email protected] Skudai, Johor
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), control mechanism in a separate environment [4]. However,
this paper proposes an implementation of a smart home system. due to the cost, there are only a few houses that are astutely
The program of smart job scheduling is an energy-efficient mechanized.
home system. The machine is operated automatically, is energy-
efficient, and creates a more relaxed and simpler environment This project aims to develop an affordable system, so that,
for life. It also increases the safety of the house. In addition to all houses can install the system and make their house more
this, the central control unit manages and controls several secure and energy-saving. It also needs for the household for
operations, including control of the main entrance and garage, their comfort, safety, and tranquility in a house. Therefore,
control of electrical connections, and security control system the objectives of this project are:
using PLC and relays with a regulated schedule. The core
software for PLC is built using a CX-Programmer. CX- • To design and implement ladder diagram using
Programmer is used to create a ladder diagram that capable of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) software
processing, sequencing, scheduling, and reading instructions. without additional hardware installation.
CX-Designer is used to provide Human Machine Interface
(HMI). The activities can be performed exactly according to the • To make a preset storyline for every independent
schedule defined by user demand. appliance or do an installation at Smart Home System.
Keywords— Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Smart • To produce a comfortable upgrade that improved
home, CX-Programmer, CX- Designer energy efficiency as well as has a tremendous
security level.
I. INTRODUCTION
Humans spend the most of their time indoors, with over The control software may be taken into the PLC using a
80% of their daily activities taking place there [1]. Therefore, basic form of irregular state dialect, such as a ladder diagram
indoor monitoring is really important [2]. Nowadays, and instruction code. Afterward, the PLC's memory is filled
advancements in computing and microprocessor technologies with a series of scheduled programs entered by the
provide ordinary human life with great conveniences. The use administrator. This venture demonstrates how the controller
of next-age technology is becoming a major prerequisite. screens data sources and outputs at that stage and completes
the control rules for the data sources and outputs for which it
Smart Home Automation System was introduced and it
was customized.
attracting greater interest from homeowners across the globe.
With a smart home system, certain tasks inside or outside the II. LITERATURE REVIEW
house can be carried out automatically [3].
A. Enhanced Smart Home Automation System based on
The smart home is developed through the connection of Internet of Things (IoT)
portable correspondences to the central control unit, which Researchers in [5] present a smart home system approach
allows one to operate equipment using the house's existing with the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed system is
electrical connections or by operating the security system focused on security by ensuring the privacy, authenticity, and
remotely from the control unit. An intelligent scheduling plan integrity of data collected, and transferred by smart home
aims to plan out all the work an organization needs to do to devices. Bypass local gateway was proposed to improve the
ensure it is accomplished on time. Smart task schedules allow security of smart home devices and sensor data while
users to plan their day's activities seamlessly. It can go from reducing calculation time.
a basic control over time to the different switches being
switched on/off. To achieve the greatest benefits from these The smart home is immediately connected to the real-time
investments, optimal management of the mechanism is very broker cloud, which controls all incoming and outgoing
important. Analyzing data from several sensors is typically requests between users and devices. The primary goal of
the approach taken by the automation system. using a real-time broker cloud is to reduce the time required
for cryptographic operations. Google authentication has been
It is possible to conveniently automate many devices such applied to provide a secure smart home system that manages
as heating, ventilation, alarm, and protection and track the login and location-based security. Node Micro-Controller

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Unit (MCU), touch switch, Light-Emitting Diode (LED), explained the process of the PLC. The second section
relay, Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT11) were explained the flowchart of this proposed system. It will
developed in this system. explain the flow of the process. Next, the software used to
build the ladder diagram which is CX-Programmer will be
B. Design an IoT smart home system
introduced. The last section will explain Human Machine
In [6], researchers proposed the creation of an IoT Smart Interface (HMI) software named CX Designer.
Home System (IoT-SHS) that can provide smart home remote
control via a remote control that used Infrared (IR) and A. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) [6]. The IoT-SHS can connect to The special-purpose computer, PLC, is a program that
Wi-Fi Microcontroller ESP8266 and operate the appliances controls certain processes in industries. The PLC structure
via a web browser, regardless of the operating system. can be divided into three components: 1) Input, 2) Control
With Wi-Fi, an Access Point (AP) will be secured with a Processor Unit (CPU), and 3) Output. PLC inputs can include
particular Service Set Identifier (SSID). The device will simple digital elements such as limit switches, analog
connect to SSID that provides a password. After that, open a variables from process sensors (such as temperature and
browser and navigate to a certain set of Uniform Resource pressure), and more complex data. CPU is the main processor
Locators (URL). The URL then will open the HyperText to execute the instructions from a computer program.
Markup Language (HTML) web page which allows the Elements such as indicator lamps, sirens, electric motors,
interface between devices and appliances. pneumatic or hydraulic tubes, magnetic relays, solenoids, or
C. Smart Home Appliances Scheduling to Manage Energy analog outputs can be used in the PLC output. An electrical
Usage signal from the input transfers the signal to the CPU. The
CPU will process the information obtained and send the result
Home Energy Management System (HEMS) with to the output. A functionality sometimes used in PLC
schedule analysis was proposed in [7]. The scheduling programming applications is PLC simulation. This
strategy prevents power waste, which is caused mostly by encourages early checking and debugging in project
residents' inattention to appliance control. Fixed Pricing (FP) development. The advantages of using PLC are cost savings,
data were used to calculate the energy consumption. ease to change, easy-to-do maintenance, and low power
The appliance’s scheduling plan was created with the consumption.
Microsoft.net framework and the C# programming language. Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of this proposed work.
The front end displaying the appliances' planned operation The PLC is loaded with predefined user programs. It is ready
times was created using Telerik User Interface (UI) to start when power is supplied to the PLC input power
framework for Windows forms. The system has been done by terminal. Push buttons are used for flipping (ON or OFF)
grouping into classes, according to daily operating period. services. The first push-button is used to begin the process.
D. Smart Home Appliances Scheduling to Manage Energy Meanwhile, a second push button is used to stop the process.
Usage It initializes the software when the first push-button is pushed
and begins to locate the predefined task schedule for the user.
Researchers in [8] proposed a smart home system with a
To get a production, a basic home task schedule is generated
machine learning algorithm, Support Vector Machine
based on an entire day. This work plan is enforced by the PLC
(SVM). SVM was used in decision-making and as blockchain
for an indefinite duration before the next schedule is received.
technology to guarantee that IoT devices are identified and
authenticated. In addition, the SVM classifier is used to The user will interrupt the program by clicking the second
push button switch.
categorize the status of devices into one of two categories:
"ON" or "OFF".
The Raspberry Pi, relay, and several sensors were
developed in this system. The Android application and
Raspberry Pi communicate using HyperText Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) web interface and Apache server.
III. SUMMARY
The observation was done based on the previous
researcher's conclusions and related to implementation in a
smart home system. Based on related works above, most of
the proposed systems required the installation of hardware. In Fig. 1 PLC block diagram of the proposed system
addition, some of the proposed systems were complex and
difficult to implement. B. Flowchart of the system
Therefore, the main objective of this proposed system is The smart home system based on PLC overall system
to design and implement ladder diagrams using PLC software flowchart is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The flowchart
without requiring any additional hardware installation. illustrates the daily activities of the house system which is
controlled by PLC. The starting time for the process is 18:50
IV. METHODOLOGY until 07:00 the next day. From the first until the fourth
The development of the Smart Home Automation System combination, the system will trigger for 2 minutes. Except for
Based on PLC is explained in four sections. The first section the last combination, it will trigger for 12 hours. The system

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will start when the user presses the push start button at 18.50.
For the first combination, the garden pump and garden
sprinkler will turn ‘ON’ for 2 minutes and turn OFF at 18:52.
Next, for the second combination, an exhaust fan and air
purifiers are ‘ON’ for 2 minutes and ‘OFF’ at 18:54. For the
third combination, the swimming pool pumps ‘ON’ for 2
minutes and turns ‘OFF’ at 18:56. After the swimming pool
pump turns ‘OFF’, the heater will turn ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ at
18:58.

Fig. 3 Continuation of the flowchart

C. Ladder Diagram setup using CX-Programmer

In this project, CX-Programmer was used to design and
create the ladder diagram. A ladder diagram was created to
control the system according to the schedule as shown in Fig.
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.

Fig. 2 Flowchart of the proposed system

Fig. 4 Ladder diagram for rung 0 and rung 1

For the last combination, an outside light, garden light,
and swimming pool light turn ‘ON’ for 12 hours until 07:00.
Next, for safety purposes, infrared sensors & a smoke
detector were installed in the system. An alarm will turn on
when the infrared sensor was triggered. Meanwhile, the water
pipe is on when the smoke detector is triggered. Both sensors
will trigger for 60 seconds.

Fig. 5 Ladder diagram for rung 2

Fig. 6 Ladder diagram for rung 3

Fig. 7 Ladder diagram for rung 4

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 Fig. 8 Ladder diagram for rung 5

Fig. 13 Push start button trigger, garden pump, and garden sprinkler ‘ON’

Fig. 9 Ladder diagram for rungs 5 and 6

Fig. 10 Ladder diagram for rung 7

Fig. 14 Air Purifier and Exhaust Fan turns ‘ON’

Fig. 11 Ladder diagram for rung 8

Fig. 12 Ladder Diagram for rung 9

V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter will be discussed the results that were
obtained from simulation made using the CX-Designer
including the scheduling process, comparison between the
process, and security process. CX-Designer is used to
visualize the program layout based on the ladder diagram that Fig. 15 Swimming pool pump turns ‘ON’
was created earlier using CX-Programmer.
Smart Home Automation System Based on PLC was
successfully run using both software, CX-Programmer and
CX-Designer. Fig. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 show the
layout of the system including all the inputs and outputs of
the system.

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 Fig. 16 Heater turns ‘ON’ initiative is to make home appliances energy-efficient and
automated. This monitors the appliances with a predefined
schedule that generates a smart home system. It also can
improve the house’s protection and also can strengthen its
safety of the house. The finding of this proposed work was
successfully done and it provides good outcomes based on the
objectives of this project. This work can be improved by
adding the sensors to improve the security of the house. For
scheduling, the user can increase the set time to make sure all
the appliances get the better performance.
VII. ACKNOWLEGMENTS
This research was supported by the Ministry of Education
(MOE) through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme
(FRGS/1/2021/ICT10/UTM/02/3). We also want to thank the
Government of Malaysia which provides the MyBrain15
Fig. 17 Outside light, Garden light & Swimming pool light turns ‘ON’ program for sponsoring this work under the self-fund
research grant and L0022 from the Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation (MOSTI).
This research was supported by a UTM Encouragement
Research Grant Q.J130000.3851.19J08.
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