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Abhishek Gupta

This physics project explores Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The student, Abhishek Gupta, will determine Faraday's law using a copper wire wound around an iron rod and a strong magnet. The apparatus required includes an insulated copper wire, an iron rod, and a strong magnet. The objective is to experimentally demonstrate Faraday's law. The introduction provides background on Faraday's law, explaining that an electric field is induced by a changing magnetic field. The theory section covers key concepts such as magnetic flux, the Maxwell-Faraday equation, and how an EMF is induced in a wire loop according to Lorentz force law and Faraday's law.

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196 views15 pages

Abhishek Gupta

This physics project explores Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The student, Abhishek Gupta, will determine Faraday's law using a copper wire wound around an iron rod and a strong magnet. The apparatus required includes an insulated copper wire, an iron rod, and a strong magnet. The objective is to experimentally demonstrate Faraday's law. The introduction provides background on Faraday's law, explaining that an electric field is induced by a changing magnetic field. The theory section covers key concepts such as magnetic flux, the Maxwell-Faraday equation, and how an EMF is induced in a wire loop according to Lorentz force law and Faraday's law.

Uploaded by

sinjiniwasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Project

Name:- Abhishek Gupta


Roll No: 02
Class:- 12th
Topic:- Electromagnetic induction
Acknowledgement:

The success and final outcome of this project required a


lot of guidance and assistance from many people. I am
extremely privileged to thanks Mrs. Meenakshi Maam
(Subject Teacher) for providing me an opportunity to do
the project work and giving me all support and guidance
which made me complete the project appropriately. He
was always supportive and inspirational for completing
this project. I am also extremely thankful to all my friends
for providing me all the necessary support and guidance.
TOPIC:
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
APPARATUS REQUIRED
OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
THEORY
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPARATUS REQUIRED

INSULATED COPPER WIRE


AN IRON ROD
A STRONG MAGNET
A LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE(LED)
OBJECTIVE

To determine Faraday’s law of electromagnetic


induction using a copper wire wound over an iron rod
and a strong magnet.
INTRODUCTION
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic
Induction:

It is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a


magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce
an electromotive force (EMF). It is the fundamental operating
principle of transformers, inductors and many types of
electrical motors and generators. Faraday explained
electromagnetic induction using the concept of lines of force.
These equations for electromagnetic induction are extremely
important since they provide a means to precisely describe
how, many natural physical phenomena in our universe and
behave.

The ability to quantitatively describe physical phenomena not


only allows us to gain a better understanding of our universe,
but it also makes possible a host of technological innovations
that define modern society. Understanding Faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction can be beneficial since so many
aspects of our daily life function because of the principles
behind

Faraday’s law. From natural phenomena, such as the light we


receive from the sun, to technologies that improve our quality
of life, such as electric power generation, Faraday’s law has a
great impact on many aspects of our lives.
Faraday’s law describes electromagnetic induction. Whereby
an electric field is induced, or generated by a changing
magnetic field.

In Faraday’s first experimental demonstration of


electromagnetic induction, he wrapped two wires around
opposite sides of an iron ring or ‘torus’ to induce current.
Faraday’s law is a single equation describing two different
phenomena: the motional EMF generated by a magnetic force
on a moving wire, and the transformer EMF generated by an
electric force due to a changing magnetic field.
THEORY
The magnetic flux (B) through a surface is the
component of the magnetic field passing through the
surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is weber (Wb), and
the COGS unit is , Maxwell.

Magnetic flux is usually measured with a flux meter,


which contains measuring coils and electronics that
evaluate the change of voltage in the measuring coils
to calculate the
magnetic flux. If the magnetic field is constant, the
magnetic flux passing through a surface of vector
area S is

Where is the magnitude of magnetic field having


the unit of Wb/m2(T). is the area of the surface
and is the angle between magnetic field lines and
the normal. For a varying magnetic field, we first
consider the magnetic flux through a small
amount of area where we may consider the
magnetic field to be constant.

From the magnetic vector potential and the


fundamental theorem of the curl, the magnetic field
may be defined as

where the line integral is taken over the boundary


of the surface, which is denoted as
LAW
The most widespread version of Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction states that
“The induced electromotive force in any closed
surface is equal to the negative of the rate of
change of magnetic
flux through the circuit.”
This version of Faraday’s law strictly holds true only
when the closed circuit is a loop of infinitely thin
wire, and is invalid in other circumstances as
discussed belowA different version, the Maxwell-Faraday
equation is valid in all circumstances.
The magnetic flux changes due to the change in magnetic
field.
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the
wire loop acquires an EMF, defined as the energy available
per unit charge that travels once around the wire loop.
Equivalently, it is the voltage that would be measured by
cutting the wire to create an open circuit. And attaching a
voltmeter to the leads.
According to Lorentz force law,

And the EMF of the wire loop is

The Maxwell-Faraday equation states that a time varying


magnetic field is always accompanied by spatially varying,
non- conservative electric field and vice versa.

The Maxwell-Faraday equation is

where 9 is the curl operator and again E(rt) is the electric


field and B(rt) is the magnetic field. These fields can
generally be functions of position r and time t.

The four Maxwell's equations (including the Maxwell-


Faraday equation), along with the Lorentz force law are a
sufficient foundation to derive everything in classical
electromagnetism.
Therefore, it is possible to “prove” Faraday's law starting
with these equations. Faraday's law could be taken as the
starting point and used to prove the Maxwell-Faraday
equation and/or other laws.
CONCLUSION
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, first
observed and published by Michael Faraday in the
mid-nineteenth century, describes a very important
electromagnetic concept.

Although its mathematical representations are


cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s law is not hard to
grasp. It relates an induced electric potential or
voltage to a dynamic magnetic field.

This concept has many far-reaching ramifications


that touch our lives in many ways: from the shining
of the sun to electricity and power in our homes.

We can all appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s


law has on us.
THANK YOU!!

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