Morphology of Flowering Plants (Conta.) Compositae (Asteraceae) (a) Itis the largast dicot family and considered to be the most advanced family amongst angiosperms. Vegetative Characters Habit + Mostly annual, rarely biennial herbs, shrubs, sometimes tree. Root + Adventitious, ‘Stom + Erect, herbaceous, branched, angular or cylindrical Leaves + Usually simple but sometimes compound. Akernate or opposite phyllotaxy, exstipulate, peticlate or sessile and has reticulate venation. Floral Characters : Inflorescence : Head or capitulum. ‘They are surrounded by involucre of bracts, may be heterogamous /¢. either having cnly ray florets or having only cise flcrets or homogamous, i.e, having both ray and ise florets. Flower Mostly bisexual but sometimes unisexual Epigynous usually pentamerous with reduction in certain whorls, A flower is tubular (actinomorphic) or ligulate (zygomorphic), bracteate or ebracteate, “Tubular florais ara called disc florats and ligulate florats are called ray floats. Ray florets: Towards periphery of head, sessile, bracteate, zygomorphic, pistilate or neutral, ligulate, epigynous, 110005. Phone : 071476234582. Morphology of Flowering Plants Board & Competitive Exams (Level!) Calyx Corolla Androecium Gynoecium {B) Disc florets Calyx Corolla ‘Androecium Gynoecium (C) Neutral florets : Fruit Floral formulae Ray florets Disc florets Neutral florets : + Bicarpellary syncarpous, ovary in Absent or hairy pappus or scaly, persistant. + Petals five, gamopetalous, valvate aestivation, ligulate (Petals unite to form a tongue like structure), 5 Absent + Bicarpeliary, syncarpous, ovary inferior, unilocular. one ovule in each locule, basal placentation. When inflorescence has only ray florets they are bisexual and have syngenesious stamens too : In the centre of head, bracteate, bisexual, actinomorphic, tubular, pentamerous. epigynous, Absent or in the form of pappus. + Petals five, gamopetalous, tubular, valvate aestivation. + Stamens five, epipetalous. ; unilocular, single ovule in the locule, basal placentation. ‘Androecium and gyncecium both are absent as in ray forming ligulate flower of sunflower, : Cypselia, + Br % Q Kypusera Cia Ae Gay Ns + BE % OF OF Kesppucarn Cs: As Gx, ore K,CyAG, Economic Importance : 1. Food 2. Medicines : Lactuea sativa (Lettuce) — end Used as vegetables: Elephentopus _l + Carthamus tinctorius 3. Omamental plants : Helianthus annuus (sunflower) Tagetus erectus (marigold). 4 Commercial use: Perfume ol is prepared from Eclfota erecta Anti-inseet oll is prepared from Pyrethnum, Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Puse Road. New Dehi-110005. Phone : 011-47623458Board & Compettive Exams (Level!) Morphology of Flowering Plants 3; Fig. : Helianthus annuus (sunflower) plant: A. Flowering tig, B. L.S. of inflorescence, C, Disc Floret, D. L.S. Of Disc Floret, E. Ray Florot, F. LS. of Ray Floret, G. Syngonosious stamons, H. Gynoecium, I. Dise floret (tubuiar) J. Ray floret (Liguiate) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) ‘Ths family 's commonly known as mustard family Vegetative Characters : Habit + Usually annual or perennial herbs or shrubs Roots + Tap root system Stem Herbaceous, branched. erect. Leat + Simple, altemate phyllotaxy, petiolate, exstipulate, reticulate venation. Floral Characters : Inflorescence : Racemose Flower + Bisoxual, usually actinomorphic but sometimes zygomorphic. Calyx Sepals tour, polysepaious, imbricate aestvation. Corolla + Petals four, polypetalous, crucform, valvate aestivation Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone : 011-476234584) Morphology of Flowering Piants Board & Competitive Exams (Level!) Androecium —: Stamens six, totradynamous sometimes didynamous. Gynoecium — : Bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, unilocular but sometimes bilocular due to false septum or replum. Parietal piacentatlon, stigma bifid Fruit + Sliqua or silicula Seed + Seeds ere small, non-endospermic. Floral formula : Ebr @ or % 9 Ku. C.. An. Be Economic Importance : 1. Food Cabbage, caulliower, turnip and radish are used as vegetables. 2. Edible oil: Mustard 3. Medicines: Sisymbrium officinale, Nasturtium indica, Eruca sativa 4 Omamental plants : Alyssum sp., Iberis amara (candytuft) Swe Shaner Fig, : Brassica campestris (mustard) plant; A. Twig with flower and leaves, B. A flower, C. LS. of flower, D. Calyx, E. Corolla, F. Androecium and gynoecium, 6. T.S. of ovary, H. Floral Diegram Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Puse Road. New Dehi-110005. Phone : 011-47623458Board & Competitive Exams (Level!) Morphology of Flowering Plants 5 Gramin (Poaceae) ‘Ths is commonly known as ‘grass family’ Its one of tne largest among the anglospermic families, Habit Herbs, annuals or perennials or shrubs sometimes like tree (such as bamboo), Root + Adventitious, fibrous, branched or stit root. ‘Stem + Underground rhizome in all perennial gasses, cylindrical, culm with conspicuous nodes and interned. Leaves + Sessile, altamate, simple, exstipulate with parallel vanaticn. Floral Characters : Inflorescence : + Spike of spikelats which may be sessile or staked. + Spikolet consists of short axis called rachilla on which one to five sessile or short stalked flowers aro bore. At the base of the rachilla two sterile scales called glumes are present. The glumes are placed one above the other on opposite side, ‘Above the glumes series of florets are present. Each florets has an inferior palea or lemma and above itis superior paiea, Flower + Braoteale and bracteolale, sessile, zygomorphic, bisexual. Exception : Zea mays has unisexval lower. Perianth : Represented by membranous scales called lodicules, The lodicules are situated above and opposite to the superior palea or may be absent ‘or many oF 2 oF 3 Androecium —: Usually stamens thrae, rarely six (Bambusa, Oryza). Filament long, anther dithecous. Gynoocium — : Monocarpellary or may be tricarpellary, ovary superior, unilocular with single ovule, basal placentation siylo short or absont, stigma two and feathory. Fruit + Caryopsis, rarely nut (Dendrocalamus) or berry (Bambusa). Seed + Endospermie and containing a single cotyledon called scutellum, Floral Formula: %¢ Poa suis) Moe Se Economic Importance : 1. Gereals. —: Wheat, Maize, Rice, Barley, Zea mays. 2 millers: Baya 3. Sugar plant : Sugarcane 4. Grass: Dood grass (Cynon dactyion) 5. Paper grass : Themecta, oigantia Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone : 011-476234586 Morphology of Flowering Plants Board & Competitive Exams (Level!) © ® ee, Sanne XN 3 7 4 Lodeute cate 6 rewom WN Synoesium win, NorFals ‘eatery signe Losin ‘superersala ‘aon Laila ‘Gimoociem wits ‘eatery sme Fig. Triticum eestivum (wheat) plant: A. Flowering twig, B. Spike of spikelets C. One spikelet, . An onarged spikolet, E. Open Flowor F. A flower dissected, 6. Floral diagram Malvace: Itis also called cotton farnly, Vegetative Characters : Habit + Annual, biennial, horb or shrub or sometimes tres. Root + Tep root system ‘Stem + Erect, branched, cylindrical Leaves + Stipuiate, alternate phyllotaxy, simple, petiolate, reticulate venation. Floral Characters : Inflorescence + Solitary, xilary or terminal racemose or cymose, Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Puse Road. New Dehi-110005. Phone : 011-47623458Board & Compettive Exams (Level!) Morphology of Flowering Plants 7 Flower + Bracteato or ebracteate, Bisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx + Sepals five, gamosepalcus, valvate aestivation, epicalyx is found, Corolla + Petals five, polypetalous, twisted aestivation. Androecium —: Numerous stamens, monoadelphous, monothecous anther, Gynoecium —; Pentacerpellary, syncarpous, multilocular superior ovary, axile placentation, each locule has ‘infinite ovules, style single. Fruit + Dry, capsule, schizocarp. Seed + One fo many, endospermic, Floral Formula : Epi, ,6¢ Ks GA. Be Economic Importance : 1. Food Okra — (used as vegetables) Coiton ~ (ol is extracted). 2 Medicine Urena rependa Abutilon indicum 3. Fibre Gossypium sp. ~ Fibre of seed coat used in textie industry, Omamental plant: China rose (Gurhal) Fig, : Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (china rose) plant: A. A flowering twig, B. LS. of flower, C. Epicalyx and calyx, D. Androecium, E. Gynoecium, F. TS. of ovary G. Floral diagram Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone : 011-476234588 Morphology of Flowering Plants Board & Competitive Exams (Level!) Family-Loguminosac ‘On the basis of inflorescence and flower characters (.e. corolla and stamens) this family has been divided into 3 subfamilies: Family-Lequminosae ————__,—————,, Paptionatae Caesalpnicideae mimosoideae (Fabaceae) eg. Fisum stim — ¢.g. Cassia fistula €.g. Acecia nilotios EXERCISE 4. Tetradynamous condition of stamens is found in the members of ferily (1) Malvaceae (2) Solanaceae (@) Brassicaceae (4) Liliaceae 2. Ray florets of sunflower do not (1) Have inferior ovary (2) Show basal placentation in gynoecium @) Have unites petals (4) Have androscium 3. Presence of epicalyx and monoadelphous condition of stamens is found in (1) Makot (2) Mustard (@) Grouncnut (4) China rose 4. Select the families in which members have bicarpeliary, syncarpous, gynoecium and superior ovary. Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Liliaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceze, Asteraceae. ‘Choose the correct option (1) Three (2) Two () Four (4) Five 5. _Allof the following are subfamilies of family Leguminosae, except (1) Caesalpinoideae (2) Mimoscideae (8) Gramineae (4) Paptionatae 6. The distinc! monocot character shown by the flowers of Gramineae family is (1) Bisexual flower (2) Actinomorphic flower (3) Hypogynous flower (4) No clear distinction of petal and sepal 7. Siliqua or silicula is the fruit of (1) Cotton (2) Mustard @) China rose (4) Grass, 8 Inwhich flower, the peduncle is flat on which florets are attached?” (1) Sunflower (2) Wheat @) Cotton (4) Groundout 8, Pusa Road, New Defi-110005. Phone : 011-47623455 Corporate Office : Aakash TowBoard & Competitive Exams (Level!) Morphology of Flowering Plants 9) 9. 10. u 2 19, 14 Match the folowing Column-1 with Column-ll and choose the corract option. Columnd Column a. | Compostae @ lei, ogk, 6X8 . [Gramineae @ [89K CAG, . [Malvaceae (i) 92 Panan As S. 3. [Cructeree (0) [BE9 Keesan a Op aA 8 ¢€ oD oo 0 wo w am w 0 @ eg 9 ® ow Ww @ 0 Calyx in the form of pappus is found n (1) Catton (2) Tobecco (@) Chine rose (4) Dice fret of eunflowor How many among the following belong to Malvaceae family? Gossypium, Helianthus, Triticum aestivum, Hibiscus, Brassica, Abutilon (1) Five (2) Three @ Two (4) Four Inwhich fower stamens are syngenesious /.e,, anthers are fused and filaments are free from each other is cbsorved? (1) Ray florets of suntower (2) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, (3) Disc florets of sunflower (4) Neutral florets of sunflower Fruits is called caryopsis in the members of the family (1) Poaceae (2) Malvaceae (3) Fabaceae (4) Composite ‘The subfamilies of leguminasae are differentiated from one another on the besis of (1) Calyx and corolla (2) Stems and leaves (3) Androecium and fruit (4) Corolla and androecium Consider the following characteristics and choose the flower which shows them (a) Pentacarpellary gynoecium. (©) Monoadelphous androecium with numerous stamens. (©) Locule has one to numerous ovule in the gynoecium (1) Tetcumn (2) Oryza sativa @) Gossypium (4) Chrysanthomum ago Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone : 011-4762345840. Morphology of Flowering Piants Board & Competitive Exams (Level!) ANSWER (3) 2 3. (4) 4 Q) 5 @) 8 @ 7 a 1) 9%. @) 10. (4) 1. 2) 12. @) 13. (1) 14. (4) 15. (3) Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Puse Road. New Dehi-110005. Phone : 011-47623458