e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:04/April-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com

AUTOMATIC LOAD SHARING OF TRANSFORMER

USING MICROCONTROLER
Shailesh G. Thakre*1, Pratima S. Komtolu*2, Abhishek V. Bisen*3,
Saurabh D. Thengadi*4, Ajit M. Lilhare*5
*1,2,3,4Student, Department Of Electrical (Electronics & Power) Engineering, PCE,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
*5Assistant Professor, Department Of Electrical (Electronics & Power) Engineering, PCE,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the project is automatic load sharing of transformer under overload condition and protect the
transformer from damage and give uninterrupted power supply. Due to overloading the exceeds current flow
and windings get overheated and may get burnt hence the efficiency get drops. Thus protect the transformer by
sharing loads by connecting another same rating transformer in parallel through a micro-controller. The micro
controller compares the load on the first transformer with a reference value. When the load is exceeds then the
reference value the second transformer will share the extra load. Therefore the two transformer work
efficiently and prevented from damage. In this project three modules are used to control the load currents. The
first module is a sensing unit, which is used to sense the current of the load and the second module is a control
unit. The last module is micro-controller unit and it will read the analogue signal from the sensor module and
perform some calculation and finally gives control signal to a relay. The advantages of the project is protection
of transformer, uninterrupted power supply, short circuit protection, and for maintenance purpose.
I. INTRODUCTION
Transformers is one of the most significant equipment in the electrical power system, hence transformer
required protection. Apart from this the demand for electricity is increasing due to the increasing population
and their unavoidable demands, With this increased power requirement , the existing systems have become
overloaded. The overloading appear at the consumer end of the transformer terminals, which can affect its
efficiency and protection systems. Due to overload on the transformer the efficiency drops and the windings
gets over heated and may get burnt. It takes a lot of time to repair and lot of expenditure. Transformers are
occasionally loaded beyond nameplate ratings because of existing possible contingencies on the transmission
lines, any failure or fault in power systems, or economic considerations. One of the reported damage or tripping
of the distribution transformer is due to thermal overload. To eliminate the damaging of transformers due to
overloading from consumer end, it involves the control against over current tripping of distribution
transformer. Rise in operating temperature of the transformer. The project is all about protecting the
transformer under overload condition. by connecting another transformer in parallel through a microcontroller
and a relay which shares the excess load of the first transformer. The transformers are switched alternatively to
avoid thermal overloading. Therefore, two transformers work efficiently under overload condition and damage
can be prevented. If there is a further increase in load beyond the capacity of two transformers there will be a
priority based load shedding of consumers which will provide un-interrupted power supply for the hospitals,
industries etc.
II. OBJECTIVES
 Protect transformers from overloaded condition by sharing the load.
 To measure the current and load in watt of both the transformers.
 To monitor the loading on both the transformers.
 To calculate the percent of overload condition on transformer.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:04/April-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
III. METHODOLOGY

Fig 1: block digram of automatic load sharing of transformar

IV. WORKING AND OPERATION
There are three modes of working:
1) Normal working mode when Load is < 5 Amps
In the above figure three bulbs are switched on i.e., S1, S2, S3 and based upon the load of 4.5 Amps. condition
Relay 1 is kept ON and Relay 2 is in OFF condition. This means Transformer 1 will be active and Transformer 2
will be OFF hence the LCD screen shows the amperage as 4.5 and T1 = ON and T2 = OFF. In this case the load up
to 5 amps will be supplied using Transformer 1 (Primary Transformer).
2) Parallel working mode when load is > 5 Amps
In the above figure four bulbs are switched on i.e., S1, S2, S3, S4 and based upon the load of 7 Amps. Relay 1 and
Relay 2 is kept ON condition. This means Transformer 1 and Transformer 2 will be Parallelly connected with
the load and in this case as both of the transformers have same specification the load will be divided equally
among both transformers. hence the LCD screen shows the amperage as 7 and T1 and T2 = ON. In this case load
above 5 amps will be shared between Primary Transformer (T1) and Secondary Transformer (T2).
3) Overloading mode when Load is > 10 Amps
In the above figure when all the bulbs are switched on i.e., S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 the current of 13 Amps or
greater than 10 Amps is drawn through T1 and T2. In this condition Relay 1 & Relay 2 is kept in OFF condition.
This means Transformer 1 and Transformer 2 will be OFF hence the complete system will be shut down and
will continue to be in same stage till the load becomes less and LCD screen shows the amperage as 13 Amps and
“OVERLOAD” is continuously displayed on the screen.
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:04/April-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com

Fig 2: Automatic load sharing of transformer

V. LOOK UP TABLE
Load
Sharing
Display Load in Watt
Switch (A)
Condition
(ON) Total T1 T2 Total
T-1 T-2 T1 T2
load (A) (A) (A) Load
Normal L1 ON OFF 1.75 1.75 0 21 0 21
Normal L1&L2 ON OFF 3.5 3.5 0 42 0 42
Load sharing L1,L2&L3 ON ON 5.25 2.6 2.6 31.5 31.5 63
Load sharing L1,L2,L3&L4 ON ON 7 3.5 3.5 42 42 84
Overloading L1,L2,L3,L4&L5 OFF OFF 15.33 0 0 0 0 0
Where,
L1, L2, L3, L4 = Load (21W)
L5 = Load (100W)
T1 & T2 = Transformer 1 & Transformer 2 (60W each)
VI. CONCLUSION
Transformers is one of the most significant and expensive equipment in the electrical power, transmission and
distribution system, hence transformer required maintenance and protection With increasing in a load demand
need to increase load capacity of transformer to satisfy the consumers this can done by parallel operation of
transformer In this project the parallel operation take place automatically with the help of microcontroller,
which provide un-interrupted power supply and avoid load sharing.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our deep sence of gratitude and indebtedness toward our guide Prof. H. P. Thakre,
who guided me throughout this project. Electrical Engineering Department , whose zeal and enthusiasm were a
source of inspiration for us. We truly appreciate and value her esteemed guidance and encouragement from the
beginning to the end of this project. We are extremely grateful to him. We also thank our Principal Dr. S. A.
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:04/April-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
Dhale and Professor and Head of Electrical Engineering Department Dr. K. B. Porate who made available all the
required facilities throughout the session.
Finally, we would like to acknowledge all the friends and those people who directly and indirectly helped and
contributed to the successful completion of our project.
VII. REFERENCES
[1] S.R. Balan, P. Sivanesan, R. Ramprakash, B. Ananthakannan and K. MithinSubash,“ GSM Based
Automatic Substation Load Shedding and Sharing Using Programmable Switching Control”, Journal of
Selected Areas in Microelectronics, Volume 6, Issue 2, pp. 59-61.
[2] Ashish R. Ambalkar, Nitesh M. Bhoyar, Vivek V. Badarkhe and Vivek B. Bathe, “Automatic Load Sharing
of Transformers”, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, Volume 2, Issue 12, pp.
739-741.
[3] Rekha. T, Bindu Prakash, Asna. S, Dinesh.S and Nandana. S. Prasad, “An Intelligent Method for Load
Sharing of Transformers.
[4] Manish Mishra , “a review on load sharing of transformer”.
[5] International journal of science technology and engineering, volume 3 issue 07 January 2017,506-507.

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