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Last updated on Sep 28, 2023

Latest Environmental pollution MCQ Objective Questions

Environmental pollution Question 1:

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also known as ________.

1. Chlorocarbon

2. Fluoromethane

3. Anisol

4. Freon

5. Not Attempted

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Freon

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Environmental pollution Question 1 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Freon.

Key Points:
Freon

Freon is a simple fluorinated aliphatic organic compound that is used in commerce and
industry.
In addition to fluorine and carbon, Freons often contain hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine.
Thus, Freons are types of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
and related compounds.
The name Freon is a trademark registered by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company.
The Freons are colorless, odorless, nonflammable, noncorrosive gases or liquids of low
toxicity that were introduced as refrigerants in the 1930s.
They also proved useful as propellants for aerosols and in numerous technical applications.
Their low boiling points, low surface tension, and low viscosity make them especially useful
refrigerants.
They are extremely stable, inert compounds.

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Environmental pollution Question 2:

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9/28/23, 10:41 PM Environmental pollution MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for Environmental pollution Quiz - Download Now!

Which one of the following air pollutants is most predominant in urban area?
English Get Started

1. Sulphur dioxide

2. Nitrogen oxides

3. Carbon monoxide

4. Ozone

5. Not Attempted

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Carbon monoxide

Environmental pollution Question 2 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Carbon monoxide.

Key Points
Carbon monoxide (CO)
It has the highest concentration (ppv) in photochemical smog.
It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas produced by burning gasoline, wood,
propane, charcoal or other fuel.
Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple
bond.
It does not smell.

Additional Information
Sulfur dioxide
Sulphur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂.
It is a toxic gas responsible for the odor of burnt matches.
It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of copper
extraction and the burning of sulfur-bearing fossil fuels.
Nitrogen Oxides
Nitrogen oxides are a mixture of gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen.
Two of the most toxicologically significant nitrogen oxides are nitric oxide and nitrogen
dioxide.
both are nonflammable and colorless to brown at room temperature.

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Ozone
English
Ozone or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O3. Get Started
It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.
It occurs both in the Earth's upper atmosphere, or stratosphere, and at ground level in the
lower atmosphere, or troposphere.

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Environmental pollution Question 3:

Pollution level in river water is measured by -

1. ATP

2. STP

3. BOD

4. GTP

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : BOD

Environmental pollution Question 3 Detailed Solution

Pollution occurs when a substance present in the environment prevents the functioning of
natural processes and produces harmful environmental and health effects.
In the natural world, many substances accumulating in the environment are processed through the
intricate network of biogeochemical cycles.

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Water pollution occurs when harmful substances, chemicals or microorganisms contaminate a

stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and
English Getrendering
Started it
toxic to humans or the environment.​

​Sources:

industrial effluents
agricultural runoffs
the municipality (urban) and domestic wastes
substances produced from energy production
mining

Effects:

Water pollution leads to excessive buildup of nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus in the water
body called nutrient enrichment.
Excess nutrient buildup leads to algal bloom in the water body eventually leading to
eutrophication.

Key Points
Decreased in BOD:

When wastewater is discharged into the water body the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the water
body decreases.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen required by the microorganisms
to decompose the organic component of the wastewater.
More the polluted water, more the BOD and lower the DO.

Important Points
Fishes and organisms living in a polluted water body die due to the lack of oxygen in the water
body and not due to the lack of nutrients.
In a polluted water body, the organic pollution is so high that the DO in the water body decreases
beyond a point to support the organisms.

Thus, the pollution level in river water is measured by BOD.

Additional Information
ATP stands for Adenosine Tri Phosphate:

ATP are the main source of energy within the cell.

It is produced by enzyme ATP synthase which Converts ADP and Phosphate to ATP
It is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in a living cell. Eg.-
muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.

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Environmental pollution Question 4:

Which of the following act as pollution indicators?

1. Black rocks

2. Lichens

3. Eucalyptus trees

4. Mushrooms

5. Question Not Attempted

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Lichens

Environmental pollution Question 4 Detailed Solution

The term “Bioindicators” refers to any organism, species, communities or biological processes, which
help to qualitatively monitor the status of the environment in which they live by means of their function as
well as their population.

Any changes in the population status, behavior, or physiology of such organisms can
predict the occurrence of any environmental change or problem with the ecosystem.
Bioindicators are living organisms such as plants, planktons, animals, and microbes, which
are utilized to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment.

Lichens:

Lichens are symbiotic associations i.e. mutually useful associations, between algae and
fungi. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and
water for its partner.

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Lichens are well known as sensitive indicators of air pollution, particularly for sulfur
dioxide. English Get Started
Lichens are widely used as environmental indicators or bio-indicators. If air is very badly polluted
with sulfur dioxide there may be no lichens present, just green algae may be found. If the air is
clean, shrubby, hairy and leafy lichens become abundant.

Hence, it is clear from the above point that Lichens acts as pollution indicators because they are
sensitive to atmospheric pollution.

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Environmental pollution Question 5:

Consider the following:

1. Aluminium silicate

2. Silicon dioxide

3. Carbon dioxide

Which of the above are the composition of Fly Ash?

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 3 only

4. 1, 2 and 3

5. Question Not Attempted

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Answer (Detailed Solution Below) English Get Started

Option 1 : 1 and 2 only

Environmental pollution Question 5 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points
Fly ash is a fine, glass powder by-product recovered from gases of burning coal in thermal
power plants during the production of electricity.
Fly ash is a byproduct of burning pulverized coal in thermal power plants.
As the fused material rises, it cools and solidifies into spherical glassy particles called fly ash.
Since most of the coal used in thermal plants is low-grade, it generates a large quantity of
ash which requires a large area as a landfill or ponds for disposal.
Fly ash contains toxic and heavy metals.
Composition of Fly Ash:
​Aluminium Silicate
Silicon dioxide
Calcium Oxide
Fly ash particles are oxide rich and consists of silica, alumina, oxides of iron, calcium
and magnesium and toxic heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cobalt and copper. Hence
Option 1 is correct.
The ponds where fly ash is usually dumped are poorly managed. Fly ash becomes dry as
temperature increases and gets airborne.
Thus, it becomes one of the major sources of air and water pollution.

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Top Environmental pollution MCQ Objective Questions

Environmental pollution Question 6 Download Solution PDF

Which one of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas found naturally in the atmosphere?

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English Get Started

1. Nitrogen oxide

2. Carbon dioxide

3. Methane

4. Ozone

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Nitrogen oxide

Environmental pollution Question 6 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF

The correct answer is Nitrogen oxide.

Key Points
Greenhouse gases(GHGs) are a group of compounds that are responsible for absorbing heat
(longwave radiation) in the atmosphere, keeping the Earth's surface warmer by allowing
direct sunlight (relative short wave energy) to reach the Earth’s surface.
Most Prominent Green House Gases:
Water vapour
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
Methane, CH4
Nitrous Oxide, N₂O (and NOT Nitrogen Oxide)
Ozone, O3
Other GHGs are carbon monoxide, fluorinated gases, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), black
carbon (soot), and brown carbon.
Amongst all the greenhouse gases, only water vapour can absorb both incoming (UV) and
outgoing (infrared) radiation.
If GHG emissions remain unchecked, by the end of this century, the global temperatures may
increase by 5oC, causing global warming.

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Environmental pollution Question 7 Download Solution PDF

Which of the following is non-biodegradable?

1. Wool

2. Nylon

3. Animal bones

4. Tea leaves

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Nylon

Environmental pollution Question 7 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF

CONCEPT:

Bio-Degradable:
Substances that are broken down by biological processes (bacteria) are said to
be biodegradable.
For example all living plants and animals, vegetables and fruits.
Non-Bio- Degradable: Substances that are not broken
down by biological processes(bacteria) are said to be non-biodegradable. These substances may
be inert and simply persist in the environment for a long time or may harm the various members of
the eco-system. For example Plastics, metals concrete, Nylon etc

EXPLANATION:

Nylon is a man-made fibre. In 1931, it was made without using any natural raw material (from
plant or animal). It was prepared from coal, water and air. It was the first fully synthetic fibre. it is
not biodegradable.
Wool is obtained from animals, so it is biodegradable.
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Animals bones and tea leaves are also biodegradable.

English Get Started
Additional Information
Approximate
Time is taken Nature of
Type of Waste to Degenerate Material
Peels of
vegetable and
fruits, leftover Biodegradabl
foodstuff, etc. 1 to 2 weeks e
Biodegradabl
Paper 10 to 30 days e
Biodegradabl
Cotton cloth 2 to 5 months
e
Biodegradabl
Wood 10 to15 years e
Biodegradabl
Woollen clothes About a year e
Tin, aluminium, Non-
and other metal 100 to 500biodegradabl
cans years e
Non-
biodegradabl
Plastic bags Several years e
Non-
biodegradabl
Synthetic fibre Several years e

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Environmental pollution Question 8 Download Solution PDF

Which of the following is not an environmental problem?

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English Get Started

1. Genetic modification of food

2. Afforestation

3. Acid Rain

4. Loss of Biodiversity

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Afforestation

Environmental pollution Question 8 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF

The correct answer is Afforestation.

Key Points
Afforestation:
Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stands of trees in an area where there was no
previous tree cover.
Many government and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs of
afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture.
It enables investors to plant the kind of trees according to demand, advancing the quick
propagation of particular sorts of trees.

Important Points
Five Major Environment problems:
Genetic modification of food
Water (Acid Rain)
Loss of Biodiversity
Deforestation
Climate change

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Environmental pollution Question 9 Download Solution PDF

Which pollution causes Itai-Itai disease in human beings?

1. Mercury pollution

2. Cadmium pollution

3. Arsenic pollution

4. Nitrate pollution

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Cadmium pollution

Environmental pollution Question 9 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF

The correct answer is Cadmium pollution.

Key Points
Itai-Itai, which literally translates to ‘it hurts, it hurts’ is the name given to cadmium poisoning.
The disease Itai Itai is caused by Cadmium.
This name was given to the disease by the locals of Toyama Prefecture of Japan in 1912.
This disease was recognized as the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.
Cadmium is a naturally occurring toxic heavy metal.
It is an extremely toxic industrial and environmental pollutant classified as a human carcinogen.
It is used in the manufacturing of NiCd rechargeable batteries.

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English Get Started

Additional Information

Element Disease
Mercury Minamata
Nitrate Blue baby syndrome
Arsenic Blackfoot

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Environmental pollution Question 10 Download Solution PDF

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?

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English Get Started

1. Carbon monoxide

2. Smog

3. Carbon dioxide

4. Fly Ash

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Smog

Environmental pollution Question 10 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF

Option 2 is correct, i.e. Smog.

Smog is an air pollutant that is composed mainly of particulate matter such as pollen and dust
along with other particulate matter such as Sulphur oxides, Volatile organic compounds, nitrogen
oxides, and ammonia gas.
Smog happens due to smoke, dust, and practices of carbon entering into the atmosphere. It is also
due to fog on cool nights.
Photochemical smog happens when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react
together in the presence of sunlight as a catalyst and form ozone at lower levels.
The effects of smog on human health and the environment are serious and harmful.
The main components of photochemical smog are nitrogen oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs), tropospheric ozone, and PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate).

Note:

Primary Pollutants: Those pollutants which are directly emitted from a source are called primary
pollutants. Particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, and toxic metals are all examples of primary
pollutants as they can be directly associated with the burning of fossil fuels, volcanic eruptions or
industrial effluents.
Secondary Pollutants: Secondary pollutants are those pollutants that arise when primary
pollutants react with one another or with other substances in the surroundings. Smog, which is the
combination of smoke and fog is an example of a secondary pollutant.

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Environmental pollution Question 11 Download Solution PDF

Noise pollution is created if sound is in excess to

1. 70-75 dB

2. 50-60 dB

3. 80-99 dB

4. 40-65 dB

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : 80-99 dB

Environmental pollution Question 11 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF

The correct answer is 80-99 dB.

Important Points
Grades of ambient noise pollution are as follows according to noise pollution control and
regulations Rules 2000;
Industrial areas: 70-75 dB
Commercial areas: 55-65 dB
Residential areas: 45-55 dB
Silence zone: 40-50 dB
Indoor limit: <30 dB According to WHO
Noise greater than 75 dB over long exposure can cause hearing damage.
Noise above 120 dB can cause biochemical changes in human bodies.

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Additional Information
English Get Started
Section 2 (a) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, includes noise in the
definition of pollutants.
Noise Pollution Control and regulation Rules, 2000 are framed under the Environment
Protection Act, 1986.
The frequency range between 20-20000 Hz is an audible range for the human ear.
A firecracker generally generates about 125 dB of noise.
According to a 2015 report by the European Commission, 1.3 billion people suffer from
hearing impairment due to noise exposure.

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Environmental pollution Question 12 Download Solution PDF

Acid rain is mainly a mixture of

1. sulphuric acid and nitric acid

2. hexane and methane

3. acetic acid and bromine

4. ascorbic acid and citric acid

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : sulphuric acid and nitric acid

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Environmental pollution Question 12 Detailed Solution English DownloadGet

Solution PDF
Started

Explanation:

Acid rain means the presence of excessive acids in rainwater.

Acid rain is mainly a mixture of sulphuric acid and nitric acid

The causes of acid rain are Sulfur and Nitrogen particles which get mixed with the wet
components of rain.
Sulfur and Nitrogen particles that get mixed with water are found in two ways either man-made as
the emissions are given out from industries or by natural causes.
Natural causes of acid rain are oxides of sulfur and nitrogen from volcanoes, swamps, and
plankton in the oceans.
However, most of the acids are produced by human activities like power generation from fossil
fuels which produces around 70% of the SO2 produced in the atmosphere. However, this is not a
natural source but is an anthropogenic source.

Additional Information
Sources of acid rain-

​Sulfur-
​Seas and oceans
Volcanic eruptions
Biological processes in the soil
Burning of coal
Petroleum product
Industries
Nitrogen-
Lightening
Volcanic eruptions
Biological activity
Forest fires
Combustion of oil and coal
Formic Acid-
Biomass burning due to forest fires causes the emission of formic acid (HCOOH) and
formaldehyde (HCHO) into the atmosphere.
A large fraction of formaldehyde gets photo-oxidation and forms formic acid in the
atmosphere.
The above-mentioned three components are the main compound that causes
acidification of rain in the atmosphere.

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Environmental pollution Question 13 Download Solution PDF

The phenomenon of marble cancer is due to:

1. Soot particles

2. Acid rain

3. CFCs

4. Fog

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Acid rain

Environmental pollution Question 13 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF

Explanation:

Marble cancer is the corrosion of statues and buildings made up of marbles by the action of
nitric acid or sulphuric acid.
It also happens because of acid rain. This rain corrodes the marble monuments by dissolving the
calcium and making salt.
Yellowing of Taj Mahal is one of the examples of marble cancer.
It is also known as Stone cancer.
The pollutants present in acid rain reacts with the stone to change their colour.

Additional Information
Acid rain: Acid rain is a byproduct of a variety of human activities that emit the oxides of sulphur
and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Burning of fossil fuels (which contain sulphur and nitrogenous matter) such as coal and oil in
power stations and furnaces or petrol and diesel in motor engines produce sulphur dioxide and

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nitrogen oxides. SO2 and NO2 after oxidation and reaction with water are major contributors
to acid rain. English Get Started
2 SO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(l) → 2 H 2 SO 4 (aq)

4 N O 2 (g) + O 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(l) → 4 H N O 3 (aq)

They mixed with clouds and form acids.

Acid rain is harmful for agriculture, trees and plants as it dissolves and washes away nutrients
needed for their growth.

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Environmental pollution Question 14 Download Solution PDF

Which is an example of Aerosol?

1. Jelly

2. Fog

3. Butter

4. Sponge

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Fog

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Environmental pollution Question 14 Detailed Solution English DownloadGet

Solution PDF
Started

The correct answer is Fog.

Key Points
An aerosol is a suspension of liquid or solid particles in a gas.
Aerosols are minute particles suspended in the atmosphere.
Aerosols can be natural or anthropogenic.
Examples of natural aerosols are fog, mist, dust, smoke, and oceanic haze.

Confusion Points
Jelly is an example of a gel colloid.
Foam is an object formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.
The sponge is an example of a solid sol.
Butter is an example of a class of colloids called emulsions.

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Environmental pollution Question 15 Download Solution PDF

Acid rain is due to air pollution by

1. Carbon dioxide

2. Carbon monoxide

3. Methane

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4. Nitrous oxide and Sulphur dioxide English Get Started

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Nitrous oxide and Sulphur dioxide

Environmental pollution Question 15 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF

The correct answer is Nitrous oxide and Sulphur dioxide.

Key Points
Acid Rain:-
Acid rain is the rainfall that has been acidified.
It is formed when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen react with the moisture in the atmosphere.
It is rain with a pH of less than 5.6.
Acid rain is particularly damaging to lakes, streams, and forests and the plants and animals
that live in these ecosystems.

Important Points
Sources of compounds causing acid rain:-
Natural sources:-
Seas and oceans,
volcanic eruptions,
Biological processes in the soil e.g., Decomposition of organic matter.
Man-made sources:-
Burning of coal (60% of SO2) and
Petroleum products (30% of SO2), and the smelting of metal sulfide ores to obtain the
pure metals.
Industrial production of Sulfuric acid in metallurgical.
Chemical and fertilizer industries.
Natural sources:-
Lightening,
volcanic eruption.
Biological activity.

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