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Lecture 1

The document defines and provides examples of different types of functions, including: - Linear functions defined by y = mx + b - Polynomial functions defined by a degree and coefficients - Power functions defined by exponents - Exponential functions defined by a base a - Logarithmic functions defined by log(x) - Trigonometric functions defined by ratios of sides of a right triangle like sin(x), cos(x), and tan(x)

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navrajk022
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© © All Rights Reserved
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26 views

Lecture 1

The document defines and provides examples of different types of functions, including: - Linear functions defined by y = mx + b - Polynomial functions defined by a degree and coefficients - Power functions defined by exponents - Exponential functions defined by a base a - Logarithmic functions defined by log(x) - Trigonometric functions defined by ratios of sides of a right triangle like sin(x), cos(x), and tan(x)

Uploaded by

navrajk022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3

Functions Review
A function 𝑓 is a rule that assigns to each element 𝑥 in a set 𝐷 exactly one element, called 𝑓(𝑥), in a
set 𝐸.

𝐷 is the domain of the function


𝐸 is the range of the function

𝐷 𝐸 𝐸 𝐷 𝐸
𝐷

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 )
𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑓(𝑥 )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 )
𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑥
𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑓(𝑥 )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 )
𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑓(𝑥 )

Notation
Interval Notation Set Notation

(a, b)

[a, b]

[a, b)

(a, b]

(a, ∞)

[a, ∞)

(-∞, b)

(-∞, b]

(-∞, ∞)
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Types of Functions
Linear
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
Where: 𝑚 is the slope and 𝑏 is the y-intercept

Ex. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 4

Polynomial
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + ⋯+ 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎
n is a non-negative integer
n is the degree of the polynomial if an
a0, a1, a2, …, an are constant coefficients

Quadratic: degree 2
Cubic: degree 3

Quadratic Quadratic Cubic


𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
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Degree 4 Degree 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 8𝑥

Power Functions Polynomial functions with only 1 term


𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
3 Cases: 1. 𝑛 > 1
2. 0 < 𝑛 < 1 (root function)
3. 𝑛 is negative integer (reciprocal function)
Case 1 Case 1 Case 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

Case 2 Case 2 Case 3


/ /
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
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Exponential Functions
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎
2 cases: 1. a > 1
2. a <1

𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.5

Logarithmic functions
𝑓(𝑥) = log (𝑥)

1
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Combination of Functions
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)

Composite Functions
(𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑔(𝑥)

Piecewise Functions
functions defined by multiple sub-functions and each sub function has a different interval in the domain.
𝑥 , 𝑥 > −1
Example 1: Sketch the graph function 𝑓(𝑥) =
1 − 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ −1
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Example 2: Write a formula for a piecewise function that will generate the following graph
a.
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Trigonometric Functions

𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥
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Trigonometric functions relate the angle of a right triangle to a ratio of its side lengths hypotenuse
SOH CAH TOA
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝑥 = , cos 𝑥 = , tan 𝑥 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

Trigonometric Identities are relationships among trigonometric functions

Pythagorean Theorem

Divide by cos 𝑥

Divide by sin 𝑥
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Addition and Subtraction of Angles Formulas


12

Double Angle Formulas

Half angle formulas

Other identities

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