MAAM ORBE

HANDOUTS IN SCIENCE 9
FIRST QUARTER

Unit 1: Living Things and Their Environment

Module 1: Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working with Other Organ System

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
 Identify the key parts of breathing system (Respiratory System)
 Give the function of each part of the breathing system
 Explain how the lungs work
 Describe the movement of the diaphragm helps the air to go in and out of the lungs
 Describe blood flow ang gas exchange within the heart, circulatory system and lungs
systems to work together
 Explain the mechanism of how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together

LESSON 1
HUMAN BREATHING SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION:
Respiratory systems allow animals to move oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) into body tissues and remove carbon dioxide (waste
product of cellular respiration) from cells.
DISCUSSION:
Respiratory system is made up of the organs in the body that help us to breathe.

 Nose- the organ through which the air enters and is filtered.
 Nasal passageways- serve as channel for airflow through the nose in which the
air is warmed, cleaned, and moistened.
 Pharynx- Funnel shaped passageway that connects nasal and oral cavities to
larynx. Passageway of food into the esophagus and air into the larynx.
 Larynx- Located between pharynx and trachea , prevents food from entering the
trachea and lungs during swallowing. Also known as the voice box.
 Tracheal tube or trachea- also called windpipe; a hollow tube that serves as
passageway of air into the lungs.
 Bronchi - also called bronchial tubes; two branching tubes that connect the
trachea to the lungs.
 Bronchioles - the finer subdivisions of the bronchi hairlike tubes that connect to
the alveoli.
 Alveoli- also called airsacs, allow the gas exchange in lungs.
 Diaphragm- muscle that controls the breathing process.

Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli

LESSON 2
HOW THE LUNGS WORK
INTRODUCTION
The respiratory system is made up of several parts
that work together to bring air in and out of the body.
DISCUSSION
When you breathe in, or inhale, the diaphragm muscle
contracts. Inhaling moves the diaphragm down and expands
the chest cavity. Simultaneously, the ribs move up and increase
the size of the chest cavity. There is now more space and
less air pressure inside the lungs. Air pushes in from the outside
where there is a higher air pressure. It pushes into the lungs where
there is a lower air pressure.
When you breathe out, or exhale, the diaphragm muscle
relaxes. The diaphragm and ribs return to their original place.
The chest cavity returns to its original size. There is now less
space and greater air pressure inside the lungs. It pushes the air
outside where there is lower air pressure. The diaphragm is a muscle located at the bottom of the ribcage
separating the chest and abdominal cavities.
Breathing In Breathing Out
The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to regulate the flow of air in and out of the
lungs. Inhaling causes the diaphragm to contract and move downwards, while
exhaling causes the diaphragm to relax and move upwards.
The diaphragm contracts and flattens, expanding the chest cavity and
creating low pressure that draws air into the lungs.
The diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards, decreasing the chest
cavity volume and creating high pressure that pushes air out of the lungs.
 MAAM ORBE

INFLATION OF THE BALLOONS

The air pressure inside the bottle is lowered by
increasing the space inside the bottle. The outside air
then enters through the tube, which makes the two
balloons inside the bottle 'chest' expand.
DEFLATION OF THE BALLOONS
The air pressure inside the bottle is increased by
decreasing the space inside the bottle. The inside air
then exits through the tube, which makes the two
LESSON 3 balloons inside the bottle return to their original size.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BlOOD FLOW

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
 Identify and give the functions of the components of the circulatory system.
 Explain the different types of circulation.
 Illustrate blood circulation.

INTRODUCTION
The central organ of the cardiovascular system is the heart. This is a hollow, muscular organ that contracts at regular intervals, forcing blood
through the circulatory system. The heart is cone-shaped, about the size of a fist, and is located in the center of the thorax, between the lungs, directly
behind the sternum (breastbone). The heart is tilted so that the base is tilted to the left. The heart is made up of a cardiac muscle and has rich supply of
blood, which ensures that it gets plenty of oxygen. Our hearts beat about once every second of every day of our lives, or over 2.5 million times in an
average life span. The only time the heart gets a rest is between beats

DISCUSSION
Circulatory System also known as cardiovascular system, life structure that nourishes your cells with nutrients from the food you eat and
oxygen from the air you breathe. Transport gases, nutrients and waste materials, hormones, enzymes and heat within the body.
PARTS OF THE HEART

Heart is a hollow muscle with four chambers:

1. Atria ( Atrium)- upper chambers
-receiving chambers of the heart, accepting blood from the
body
( right atrium)and from the lungs ( left atrium)
2. Ventricles- lower chambers
- Pumping chambers , moving blood to the lungs (right
ventricle)
and into the body (left ventricle)
VALVE- found between each atrium and ventricle to prevent the blood
from flowing backwards.

HOW THE HEART WORKS

All of the muscle tissues of the heart do not contract at the same time. Different parts of the heart contract at different times. When the top
portion contracts, the bottom part relaxes. When the bottom contracts, the top relaxes. When a chamber contracts, it becomes smaller and the blood
inside gets squeezed or pumped out.
HEARTBEAT or CARDIAC CYCLE
1. Systole- contraction of the heart.
2. Diastole- relaxation of the heart.

o The right side of the heart pumps ‘deoxygenated blood (actually, blood low in oxygen) from the body into the lungs, where gas
exchange takes place.
o The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood (blood with high level of oxygen) from the lungs to the rest of the body.
Types of Circulation
1. Pulmonary Circulation- Movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
2. Coronary Circulation- Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart.
3. Systemic Circulation- Movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body excluding the lungs.
BLOOD
Blood is a fluid that moves through the vessels of the circulatory system.
Composed of plasma and blood cells.
Plasma- liquid portion of the blood.
RBC (red blood cell) or Erythrocytes- carries oxygen
WBC (white blood cell) or leukocytes - defense from bacteria and viruses
Platelets- has major role in blood clotting.

BLOOD VESSELS
Carries the blood throughout the body.
Arteries- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues and organs of the body. Thicker and stronger elastic
walls.
Veins- carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. Thinner elastic walls.
Capillaries - the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries to the smallest veins - the actual site
where gases and nutrients are exchanged. Smallest and most numerous.

BLOOD CIRCULATION

The Pathway of Blood to and from the Heart

1. Blood that has circulated through the body, which has lost its oxygen
and collected carbon dioxide, enters through the superior vena cava
and inferior vena cava into the right atrium of the heart.
2. The right atrium contracts and pumps the blood through the tricuspid
valve and into the right ventricle.
3. The right ventricle then pumps blood through the pulmonary artery
into the lungs.
4. In the lungs, tiny blood vessels called capillaries absorb carbon
 MAAM ORBE

The heart and lungs work together to make sure the

body has the oxygen-rich blood it needs to function
properly.
The right side of the heart picks up the oxygen-poor
blood from the body and moves it to the lungs for re-
oxygenating.
Once the blood is re-oxygenated, the left side of the
heart moves the blood throughout the body, so that
every part receives the oxygen it needs.