No.

8/1

Student Personal Identification

Marker Code Number (SPIN)

Pacific Senior Secondary Certificate

MATHEMATICS

2009
QUESTION and ANSWER BOOKLET
Time Allowed: 3 hours
INSTRUCTIONS

1. This Examination Paper consists of TWO sections. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

SECTION A: (20 marks) contains 20 multiple choice questions worth one mark each.

SECTION B: (100 marks) contains 10 questions requiring detailed answers.

Each question is worth 10 marks.
2. An answer sheet for Section A is found in the FOLD OUT FLAP on the last page.
In SECTION B, write the answers to the questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
3. Write your Student Personal Identification Number (SPIN) on the top right hand corner of this
page and at the top of the fold out flap. Write the Marker Code in the box at the top left hand corner
of this page.

4. If you use extra sheets of paper be sure to show clearly the question being answered. Write your SPIN
on the top right hand corner of each sheet, and tie it securely at the appropriate place in this booklet.

NOTE: (i) There should be a Mathematics Formulae Sheet (No. 8/3) with this booklet.
(ii) Unless stated, diagrams are not drawn to scale.

Check that this booklet contains pages 2-27 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
Pages 28, 29 and 30 are left blank deliberately.
YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE
EXAMINATION.

TOTAL MARKS
120
 2

SECTION A (20 marks)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

On the Answer Sheet on the back Cover, write the letter which corresponds to the answer you
consider correct. An example is shown below. Check question numbers carefully.
Allow about 30 minutes to answer the questions in this section. Each question is worth only
one mark.

Example:

If you consider B is correct, write it like this: B

To change your answer from B to C, cross out B B C

and write the new answer by the box, like this:

1. The gradient of the line mx – ny – c = 0 where m, n, and c are constants is

n n m
A. B. − C. −
m m n
m m
D. E.
n c

2. The value of b in the function P(x) = 2x2 – bx + 12 given that (x – 4) is a factor is

A. 2 B. 4 C. 6

D. 11 E. 12

3. For a normal distribution, P(0 < z < a) = p. Then with reference to the properties of the
distribution, P(-a < z < a ) equals

A. p B. -p C. 0

D. 2p E. -2p
 3

4. Write in sigma notation the series x12 + x13 + x14 + x15 + x16 + x17

17 17 17
A. ∑x B. ∑ xi C. ∑ xi
12 i =12 i =12

17 17
D. ∑ x(i) E. ∑ ix
i =12 i =12

1 1 1
5. The n th term for the sequence 1 , , , , ........ is given by
2 4 8
1 1 1
A. t n = B. t n = C. t n =
2n 2 n−1 2 n+1
1 1
D. t n = E. t n = 1+
1−n
2 2n

6. If sin β = a and cos β = a for 0 ≤ β ≤ π then the value of β is

π π π
A. B. C.
4 3 2

D. π E. Cannot be determined

7. The gradient of the normal to the curve y = x2 + 3x – 4 at the point (1,0) is

1 1
A. 2 B. C. −
5 5

D. 5 E. − 5
 4

Use the figure given below to answer Questions 8 and 9.

A circle, centre O and radius r, is inscribed in the triangle ACE. AC, CE, and AE are tangents to
the circle at points B, D and F respectively. Let length of OC be l.

8. The area of the shape OBCD is given by

3
A. rl B. 2rl
2
1 1
C. rl D. rl
2 4
1
E. π r2
4

9. The expression for the shaded area which is enclosed by the line segments BC, CD and
the arc BD is

1 2 3 π r2 π r2
A. r θ B. rl − C. 2rl −
2 2 3 3
2
πr 1
D. 3rl − E. π r2
3 3

10. A ship leaves port P on a bearing of 28 o and travels 8.2 miles. The ship then turns due
East and travels 4.3 miles. The sketch for its journey is given below.

N 4.3
How far is the ship from port P? A E

A. 10.9 miles
B. 12.5 miles 8.2
C. 16.4 miles
D. 18.5 miles 28 o
E. 28 miles
P
 5

11. The sketch below shows the graphs of y = x and y = b − x where b is positive .
The coordinates of the intersection of the two graphs, i.e. point A is

⎛b b⎞ y
A. ⎜ , ⎟
⎝2 2⎠
⎛b ⎞
B. ⎜ , b ⎟ y= x
⎝2 ⎠ y= b− x
A
⎛b b ⎞
C. ⎜⎜ , ⎟
⎟
⎝2 2⎠
⎛ b b⎞
D. ⎜⎜ , ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠ x
⎛ b ⎞ 0 b
E. ⎜⎜ , b ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

12. The total area bounded by the graph of y = f(x) and the x-axis is given by

b c y
A.
∫ a
f ( x)dx +
∫b
f ( x)dx

b c
B.
∫a f ( x)dx +
∫b f ( x)dx
b c
C.
∫a f ( x)dx +
∫b f ( x)dx a b c x

b c
D.
∫a f ( x)dx −
∫b f ( x)dx
c
E.
∫a f ( x)dx
13. Line AB has p as the x-intercept and 2p as the y-intercept. Point (1,2) is also on the line
AB. The value of p is y

A. 0 B. 1
B (0,2p)
C. 2 D. 3

E. 4
● (1,2)

A (p,0)
x
 6

14. A particle is moving along the x-axis. Its velocity v is proportional to the square of the
time t. If v = 8 ms-1 when t = 2 s , then the acceleration at that moment is

A. 8 ms-2 B. 6 ms-2 C. 4 ms-2

D. 2 ms-2 E. 1 ms-2

x−3
15. The solution set to the inequation < 0 is
2x + 1
⎧ 1⎫
A. ⎨3 , ⎬
⎩ 2⎭
⎧ 1⎫
B. ⎨3 , − ⎬
⎩ 2⎭
C. { x : x > 3 where x ∈ R }
1
D. { x : x < − or x > 3 where x ∈ R }
2
⎧ 1
E. ⎨ x : − < x < 3 where x ∈ R }
⎩ 2

16. When the angle of elevation of the sun is 60.5˚, a tree casts a 14 meter shadow.
What is the approximate height of the tree?

A. 6.89 m

B. 12.2 m

C. 14.0 m

D. 14.7 m

E. 24.7 m Angle of elevation

Shadow

17. X is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 28 and standard deviation 5.
Which ONE of the following is the correct statement for the calculation of the probability
that X is less than 26?

A. P(X < 26) = P(z < 26)

B. P(X < 26) = P(z = 26)

C. P(X < 26) = -P(z < 26)

D. P(X < 26) = 0.5 – P(0 < z < 0.4)

E. P(X < 26) = 0.5 – P(z > 0.4)

 7

18. If sin 2 α = b where b ≠ 1 , which of the following holds true for tan 2 α ?

1
A. tan 2 α = b B. tan 2 α = C. tan 2 α = 1 − b
b
b
D. tan 2 α = 1 − b 2 E. tan 2 α =
1− b

x2 − x − 6
19. The lim is
x→3 x2 − 9

A. Does not exist B. 0 C. 3

2 5
D. E.
3 6

2 x4 + x3
20. The value of ∫ dx is
1
x2

28 28 23
A. B. C.
6 6 6
23 33
D. − E.
6 6
 8

SECTION B (100 marks)

ANSWER ALL TEN QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

Write the answer to each question in the spaces provided.

It is in your best interest to show ALL your working, as some marks are allocated for appropriate
methods and partially correct answers.

Check question numbers carefully. Each question is worth a total of 10 marks.

1
Allow about 2 hours to answer the questions in this section.
2

QUESTION 1

(a) Factorise completely a2b3c3 – a4bc.

(2 marks)

(b) Rewrite the equation x − 7 x + 12 = 0 as a quadratic in x and then factorise to solve

for x.

(3 marks)
 9

4 5x x+4
(c) Show that − 2 =
x + 1 x −1 1− x 2

(3 marks)

(d) Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (2,4) and is parallel to the line
5y – 3x + 4 = 0.

(2 marks)

10
 10

QUESTION 2

(a) Solve for k in the following equations.

−2 k
⎛1⎞ 2k + 4
(i) ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝8⎠ 2

(3 marks)

⎛1⎞ 1
(ii) log k ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 3 = − 4 + log k
⎝4⎠ 4

(3 marks)
 11

(b) A toy machinery company manufactures two types of toy machines – a Grader and a
Loader. In the manufacturing process:

• each Grader requires 2 hours of grinding and 2 hours of finishing.

• each Loader requires 2 hours of grinding and 4 hours of finishing.

The company has TWO grinders and THREE finishers, each one works at most 40 hours
per week.

(i) Let x denote the number of Graders and y to denote the number of Loaders. With x ≥ 0
and y ≥ 0, write a system of linear inequalities that describes the possible number of
each machinery that can be manufactured.

(2 marks)

(ii) Graph the system clearly showing the intersection of the two inequalities.

(2 marks)

10
 12

QUESTION 3

(a) (i) The first three terms of a geometric series are 1, x, y and the first three terms of an
arithmetic series are 1, x, -y. Using these two series, show that x2 + 2x – 1 = 0.

(2 marks)

(ii) Using the answer in part (i) above, show that x = − 1 ± 2 and that y = 3 − 2 2 for the
positive value of x.

(3 marks)
 13

(b) A sequence of equilateral triangles is to be constructed. The first triangle has sides 4 m in
length. The second triangle is found by joining the midpoints of the sides of the previous
triangle. Refer to the figure below.

2
….…………….
4
Note: For the questions that follow, consider the sequence of triangles with broken sides.

(i) Write down the first EIGHT terms of the sequence of lengths of the sides of the
triangles.

(1 mark)
(ii) If the above process could be continued indefinitely, what would be the total
perimeter of all the triangles?

(2 marks)
(c) A stack of telephone poles has 30 in the bottom row, 29 in the next row and so on, with one
pole in the top row. How many poles are in the stack? The front cross section of the
structure is shown in the diagram below.
Top row has 1 pole

Bottom row has 30 poles

(2 marks)

10
 14

QUESTION 4

1− 3x
(a) Consider the rational function f : x → for x ≠ 1, x∈ R .
x −1
(I) Use the concept of limits to answer the following questions.

As x → +∞, f → _____
(i) Complete the statements: (1 mark)
As x → −∞, f → _____

Hence, state the equation of the horizontal asymptote.

_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(ii) Complete the statements:

As x → 1+ ( from the right side), f → ________
As x →1− ( from the left side), f → ______ (1 mark)

Hence, state the equation of the vertical asymptote.

_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(II)(i) State the domain and range of f.

Domain: ____________________________________________________________

Range: ____________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
 15

(ii) Sketch the graph of f for the given domain.

(2 marks)

(b) With reference to the graph of f, and without any further algebraic manipulations:

(i) State the equations of the horizontal and vertical asymptotes for the inverse function
f-1.

Horizontal asymptote: ________________________________________________

Vertical asymptote: ________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(ii) Hence, state the equation of the inverse function f-1.

_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

10
 16

QUESTION 5

(a) Consider the function g : x → sin 2 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

(i) Sketch the graph of g clearly labeling the x-axis where there are x-intercepts and
turning points.

(2 marks)

(ii) On the same pair of axes, translate the graph of g using the translation vector
⎛− π ⎞
⎜ 4⎟
⎜ 0 ⎟ and clearly indicate this graph by using a different colour or bold sketch for
⎝ ⎠
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
(2 marks)
 17

(b) In the study of alternating current in electricity, instantaneous voltage v is given by

v = V sin(2 π ft) where V is the maximum voltage, f is the number of cycles per second (i.e.
frequency) and t is the time in seconds.

Note that v is a function of t .

(i) Rearrange the voltage formula to make t the subject.

(2 marks)

(ii) Find the smallest positive value of t in radians if v = 5, V = 12 and f =100.

(1 mark)

(c) Prove that cos β + sin β tan β = sec β .

(3 marks)

10
 18

QUESTION 6

(a) (i) By eliminating θ from the expressions x = 3 cos θ − 2 and y = 3 sin θ + 1 show that
points ( x, y ) , which satisfy the given expressions, lie on a circle.

(2 marks)

(ii) Hence, state the length of the radius and the coordinates of the centre.

Radius: __________________ Coordinates: __________________

(1 mark)

(b) Another circle which is centered at (−2 , 1) passes through the points (−4 , 0) and ( p , 2) .
Find the value or values of p .

(3 marks)
 19
y

(c) B ( x , y)
●

A (-2,2)●

● C (6,-4)

Points A (-2,2) and C (6,-4) lie on the circumference of a circle. Further AC is the
diameter of the circle. A general point B ( x , y ) can lie anywhere on the circle.

(i) In terms of the variables x and y express the gradients of the chords AB and BC.

(1 mark)

(ii) Write down the relation between the two gradients obtained in (i) above.

(1 mark)

(iii) Hence or otherwise, find the equation of the circle.

(2 marks)

10
 20

QUESTION 7

f ( x + h) − f ( x )
(a) Use the definition of the derivative i.e. f ' ( x) = lim to find the first
h →0 h
derivative of the function f ( x) = − 2 x − 7 .

(3 marks)

(b) A tangent l to the curve f ( x) = x 2 + 4 passes through the point (−2 , 7) . Let the
coordinates at the point of tangency be (a , b) .

f(x) = x2 + 4
( a , b)

l
 21

(i) Find the gradient of the tangent line l in terms of a and b.

(1 mark)

(ii) There are two possible sets of values for a and b, and hence two possible tangent
lines. Use calculus, together with your result from part (i) above to find the TWO
possible values of a.

(4 marks)

(c) The velocity (in m/s) of an object t seconds after it started from the origin is given by
v(t) = 3t2 – 6t – 24. Find the distance the object traveled in the fourth second.

(2 marks)

10
 22

QUESTION 8

(a) A cubic function y = f(x) has the following properties:

• It has only ONE root which is unique in nature and it occurs at the point x = 4.
• The function is always increasing in the interval -2 < x < 2 with turning points at x = -2
and x = 2.

Sketch the function.

(2 marks)

(b) A cylindrical container is to be produced that will have a volume of 1000 cm3. The top
and bottom of the container are to be made of a material that costs 4 cents per cm2 while
the side of the container is to be made of material costing 2 cents per cm2.
Volume of cylinder: V = π r2h

r Top area
r

h Area of side
h

r
r Bottom area
 23

(i) Show that the total cost C of producing the container is a function of r and is given by
40
C = 0.08π r 2 + .
r

(3 marks)

(ii) Show that in order to minimize the cost of production, the value of r is given by
250
r =3 .
π

(3 marks)
20 20 20
2 2
(c) Given that ∑ x i = 30 and ∑ x i = 240 . Find the ∑ (2 x i + 3x i + 4) .
i =1 i =1 i =1

(2 marks)

10
 24

QUESTION 9

(a) Consider the trigonometric equation 2 sin 2 x − 1 = 0 for − π < x < π .

Completely solve the equation stating all solutions in terms of π radians.

(3 marks)
(b) The diagram below shows the graph of y = x and x + y = 12
y

y= x
A

B x
O C x + y = 12

∫
b
(i) Evaluate x dx . Leave your answer in terms a and b.
a

(2 marks)
 25

(ii) Find the x-coordinate of point A.

(2 marks)

(iii) Hence, find the area bounded by the graphs of y = x , x + y = 12 and the x-axis, i.e.
area OAB.

(3 marks)

10
 26

QUESTION 10

(a) The size of an insect population is changing at the rate of 432t2 – 5t4 per month, where t is
the time in months. If the current population is 40, what will the population be 5 months
from now?

(3 marks)

(b) A firm produces bolts whose length x is normally distributed with a mean of 78.3
millimeters and standard deviation of 1.4 millimeters.

(i) If any bolt longer than 80 millimeters has to be discarded, what percentage of the
firm’s production will be lost?

(3 marks)
 27

(ii) For a sample of 200 bolts selected, how many are expected to be discarded?

(2 marks)

(iii) What is the probability that a bolt selected at random will have length between 76.6
millimeters and 80 millimeters?

(2 marks)

10
 28

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 29

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 30

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 31 Student Personal
Identification Number
(SPIN)
SECTION A
MULTIPLE CHOICE (20 marks)
Write clearly the letter of the correct answer in the box
provided. Make sure your answer is put alongside the right MATHEMATICS
question number.

EXAMPLE: 2009
If you consider B is the correct answer, B
write it like this: For Candidate Use
To change your answer from B to C,
cross out B and write the new answer
B C Write number of extra
by the box, like this:
sheets used in the box.
OR
Write NIL in the box if
no extra sheets used.
1. 11.

2. 12.
FOR MARKER USE ONLY
QUESTION MARKS
3. 13.
M/C 20
4. 14. Q1 10

5. 15. Q2 10
Check Question Number Check Question Number Q3 10
6. 16.
Q4 10

7. 17. Q5 10
Q6 10
8. 18.
Q7 10
9. 19.
Q8 10

10 20. Q9 10
Q10 10
SA
20 TOTAL 120