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Lesson 3 PRECAL PARABOLA

The document defines parabolas and discusses their key characteristics and properties. It explains how to write the standard form equation of a parabola based on given information like the coordinates of the focus or directrix. Examples are provided to demonstrate determining parabola equations that satisfy specific conditions.

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jeq9e
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68 views

Lesson 3 PRECAL PARABOLA

The document defines parabolas and discusses their key characteristics and properties. It explains how to write the standard form equation of a parabola based on given information like the coordinates of the focus or directrix. Examples are provided to demonstrate determining parabola equations that satisfy specific conditions.

Uploaded by

jeq9e
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prayer

Dear Lord,
Before we begin our school work today,
Let us take some time to pray.
Help me, God, to be kind and strong, to
know what‘s right and to know what’s
wrong. Remind us all to forgive each other,
and care for classmates like sisters and
brothers. In my work and while I study
Be with me, God, throughout the day.
Amen.
What you’ll learn?

a. Define a parabola; and


b. Determine the standard form
of equation of a parabola.
Review

A circle is se t of all coplanar


points such that the distance
from a fixed point is constant. The
fixed point is called the center of
the circle and the constant
distance from the center is called
the radius of the circle.
Equation of a Circle

The equation of the circle whose center


is at the point (h, k) and with radius r
(x- h)2 + (y- k)2 = r2

The standard form of equation of a circle


whose center is at the origin with radius r
x2 + y2 = r2
Parabola

An image of a parabola can be formed if


a right circular cone cut by a plane is
parallel to one and only one generator.
A parabola is a set of all coplanar points
that are equidistant from a fixed line and
a fixed point not on the fixed line.
The fixed line is called the directrix of
the parabola and the fixed point is called
the focus.
Parabola
Parabola

The line perpendicular to the directrix and


passing through the focus F is called the
axis of symmetry. The parabola is said to
be symmetric with respect to this line.

The chord that passes through the focus


and perpendicular to the axis of symmetry
is called the latus rectum.
Parabola

The vertex and the endpoints of the latus


rectum of the parabola are used in
sketching the parabola.

The point on the parabola midway


between the latus rectum and the directrix
is the vertex of the parabola. The vertex is
the point where the curve changes
direction.
Parabola

A parabola is said to be in standard position


if its vertex is at the origin and its principal
axis is one of the coordinate axes.
Parabola
Parabola

The parabola always bends towards the


focus and away from the directrix, and the
distance from the focus to the directrix is
2p.

The vertex is the midpoint of the segment


joining the focus and the directrix.
Equation of the Parabola

Equation of the parabola with horizontal


axis of symmetry
y2 = 4px

Equation of the parabola with vertical axis


of symmetry
x2 = 4py
The characteristics of parabolas with vertex at ( 0, 0)

Vertex: ( 0, 0) Parabola with Parabola with vertical


horizontal axis of axis of symmetry
symmetry

Equation y2 = 4px x2 = 4py


Focus ( p, 0 ) ( 0, p )
Opening of Parabola If p< 0, parabola opens If p< 0, parabola opens
to the left. downward.
If p>0, parabola opens If p>0, parabola opens
to the right. upward.
The characteristics of parabolas with vertex at ( 0, 0)

Vertex: ( 0, 0) Parabola with Parabola with vertical


horizontal axis of axis of symmetry
symmetry

Latus Rectum Equation: x = ± p Equation: y = ± p


Direction: Vertical Direction: Horizontal
Length: 4p Length: 4p
. Endpoints: (p, ± 2p) Endpoints: ( ± 2p, p )

Axis of Symmetry Equation: y = k; k = 0 Equation: x = h; h = 0


Direction: Horizontal Direction: Vertical

Directrix Equation: x = -p Equation: y = -p


Direction: Vertical Direction: Horizontal
The characteristics of parabolas with vertex at ( 0, 0)

Note that the parabola always bends


towards the focus and away from the
directrix, and the distance from the
focus to the directrix is 2p.

The vertex is the midpoint of the


segment joining the focus and the
directrix.
Equation of the Parabola

Example 1
Find the coordinates of the focus and the
equation of the directrix for each parabola.
a. y2 = 28x
b. y2 = -16x
c. x2 - y = 0
d. 2x2 + 5y = 0
Equation of the Parabola

Solution
Compare the given equation to the
equation of parabola in standard form.
a. The equation y2 = 28x is of the form
y2 = 4px where 4p = 28, and p = 7.
Thus, the focus is ( 7, 0), its directrix is
x = -7, its vertex is at the origin. The
parabola opens to the right since p>0.
Equation of the Parabola

Solution
Compare the given equation to the
equation of parabola in standard form.
b. The equation y2 = -16x is of the form
y2 = 4px where 4p = -16, and p = -4
Thus, the focus is ( -4, 0), its directrix is
x = 4, its vertex is at the origin. The
parabola opens to the left since p<0.
Equation of the Parabola
Solution
Compare the given equation to the
equation of parabola in standard form.
c. The equation x2 - y = 0 is equivalent to
x2 = y and is of the form x2 = 4py where
4p = 1, and p = ¼.
Thus, the focus is ( 0, 1/4), its directrix is
y = -1/4, its vertex is at the origin. The
parabola opens upward since p>0.
Equation of the Parabola
Solution
Compare the given equation to the
equation of parabola in standard form.
d. The equation 2x2 + 5y = 0 is equivalent
to x2 = -5/2 y and is of the form
x2= 4py where 4p = -5/2, and p = -5/8.
Thus, the focus is ( 0, -5/8), its directrix is
y = 5/8, its vertex is at the origin. The
parabola opens downward since p<0.
Activity 1

Find the coordinates of the focus and the


equation of the directrix for each
parabola.
1. x2 = 10y
2. y2 = 16x
3. y2 = -16x
4. x2 – 6y = 0
5. y2 = 12x
Equation of the Parabola
Example 2
Write the equation of the parabola with
vertex at the origin that satisfies the
given conditions.
a. The focus has coordinates (5, 0)
b. The equation of the directrix is x – 3= 0.
c. The length of the latus rectum is 6 and
the parabola opens upward.
d. The parabola contains the point (2, -6)
and opens downward.
Equation of the Parabola

Solution
a. A parabola with focus at (5, 0) has an
equation of the form y2= 4px with p = 5.
Thus, the equation is y2= 4(5)x or y2= 20x.
b. A parabola with directrix x - 3 = 0 and
with vertex at the origin has an
equation of the form y2= 4px with
p = -3. Thus, the equation is y2= 4(-3)x
or y2= -12x.
Equation of the Parabola
Solution
c. A parabola that opens upward with the
vertex at the origin has an equation of
the form x2= 4py. The length of the
latus rectum is 6, thus 4p = 6 and p =
3/2.
Thus, the equation is x2= 4(3/2)y or x2= 6y.
d. A parabola that opens downward with
vertex at the origin has an equation of
the form x2= 4py. The parabola contains
the point (2, -6).
Equation of the Parabola

Solution
By substituting x = 2 and y= -6 to the
equation x2= 4py.
22= 4p(-6)
4= -24p
p= -1/6
Thus, the equation of the parabola is
x2= 4(-1/6)y or x2= -2/3 (y).
Activity 2

Write the equation of the parabola in


standard form with vertex at the origin
that satisfies the given conditions.
a. The focus has coordinates (0, 3).
b. The focus has coordinates (-4, 0).
c. The equation of the directrix is y - 4 = 0.
d. The equation of the directrix is x + 5 = 0.
e. The length of the latus rectum is 8 and
the parabola opens downward.
Prepared by: Mrs. Emily S. Chico

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