Scribd
Upload
13 views

Cell Cycle w4

The document summarizes the cell cycle, which consists of interphase and the M phase. Interphase includes the G1, S, and G2 stages where the cell grows and prepares for division. In M phase, the cell divides its DNA and cytoplasm through mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis involves five stages - prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase - where the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm. Meiosis produces gametes through two rounds of division resulting in four cells each with half the number of chromosomes.

Uploaded by

Janika Relente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Cell Cycle w4

The document summarizes the cell cycle, which consists of interphase and the M phase. Interphase includes the G1, S, and G2 stages where the cell grows and prepares for division. In M phase, the cell divides its DNA and cytoplasm through mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis involves five stages - prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase - where the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm. Meiosis produces gametes through two rounds of division resulting in four cells each with half the number of chromosomes.

Uploaded by

Janika Relente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 49

CELL

CYCLE
CELL CYCLE
- series of events that
takes place in a cell as it
grows and divides
INTERPHASE
A cell spends most of its time
in this phase, and during this
time it grows, replicates its
chromosomes, and prepares
for cell division.
G1 stage
❑decision-making
❑the stage where the cell
is preparing to divide.
S phase
❑S stands for DNA
synthesis.
❑where the cell copies all
the DNA.
G2 stage
❑where it organizes and
condenses the genetic
material, or starts to condense
the genetic material, and
prepares to divide
M phase
❑the cell divides its copied DNA and
cytoplasm to make two new cells.
❑It involves two distinct division-
related processes: mitosis and
cytokinesis.
mitosis
❑where the cell actually
partitions the two copies of the
genetic material into the two
daughter cells
mitosis
❑Mitosis takes place in five
stages: prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.
mitosis
➢PROPHASE
- the first phase of mitosis
- The chromosomes start to
condense
- The mitotic spindle begins to form
- The nucleolus disappear
mitosis
➢PROMETAPHASE
- the second phase of mitosis
- the mitotic spindle begins to capture and
organize the chromosomes
- the chromosomes become even more
compact.
- The nuclear envelope breaks down,
releasing the chromosomes.
mitosis
➢METAPHASE
- the third phase of mitosis
- the spindle has captured all the
chromosomes and lined them up at
the middle of the cell, ready to divide.
- All the chromosomes align at the
metaphase plate
mitosis
➢ANAPHASE
- the fourth phase of mitosis
- the sister chromatids separate
from each other and are pulled
towards opposite ends of the cell.
mitosis
➢TELOPHASE
- the fifth and final phase of mitosis
- the cell is nearly done dividing
- The mitotic spindle is broken down into
its building blocks.
- Two new nuclei form, one for each set of
chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
❑the division of the cytoplasm to
form two new cells
❑overlaps with the final stages of
mitosis
In animal cells, cytokinesis is
contractile, pinching the cell in two
like a coin purse with a drawstring.
The “drawstring” is a band of
filaments made of a protein called
actin, and the pinch crease is known
as the cleavage furrow.
Plant cells can’t be divided like this
because they have a cell wall and
are too stiff. Instead, a structure
called the cell plate forms down
the middle of the cell, splitting it
into two daughter cells separated
by a new wall.
Cytokinesis
❑When cytokinesis finishes, we end up with two new
cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes
identical to those of the mother cell.
❑The daughter cells can now begin their own cellular
“lives,” and – depending on what they decide to be
when they grow up – may undergo mitosis
themselves, repeating the cycle
Meiosis
❑Exclusive for gametes
❑a process where a single cell
divides twice to produce four cells
containing half the original
amount of genetic information.
Meiosis
❑consist of two sets of cell division
▪MEIOSIS I & MEIOSIS II
❑Resulting of four daughter cells
each with half the number of
chromosomes of the parent cell
meiosis
❑PROPHASE I
- The nuclear envelope
disintegrates.
- Chromosomes begin to condense.
- Spindle fibers appear.
meiosis
❑METAPHASE I
- The homologous chromosomes
align at the equatorial plate
ensuring genetic diversity among
offspring.
meiosis
❑ANAPHASE I
- The homologous chromosomes
are pulled towards the opposite
poles.
meiosis
❑TELOPHASE I
- Spindle fibers disappear.
- Nuclear envelope is reformed.
meiosis
❑PROPHASE II
- The chromatin condenses into
chromosomes.
- Nuclear envelope disintegrates.
- Centrosomes migrate to either poles.
- Spindle fibers are reformed.
meiosis
❑METAPHASE II
- The chromosomes align along the
equatorial plate. On the contrary,
the chromosomes in metaphase I
were in homologous pairs.
meiosis
❑ANAPHASE II
- Sister chromatids are pulled
to the opposite poles.
meiosis
❑TELOPHASE II
- Nuclear envelope
redevelops and the
spindle fibers disappear.
ANY
? QUESTION?
?

You might also like