UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND

BIOENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY REPORT SUBMISSION FORM

Subject & Code CQB10803
Synthesis and Characterization of Alkane, Alkene, and
Title of Experiment Alkyne
(Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon)
Section / Group GROUP A
Group Members ID No.
1) Syah Izan Bin Hafid Andika
2) MUHAMMAD HAZRIL BIN HARIS FADZILAH
3) FAIZ
4) RACHMAD ADI KURNIAWAN
Name of Lecturer Madam Ruzainah
Note: Submission is after 1 week of the experiment. Late submission will be penalized.

*To be filled by the lecturer*

VERY POOR GOOD VERY EXCELLE
CRITERIA POOR 2 3 GOOD NT
1 4 5
1.0 OBJECTIVES
1 2 3 4 5
1. State the objectives of the experiment
2.0 INTRODUCTION
2 4 6 8 10
1. State the background of the experiment conducted.
3.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Include the list of chemicals and equipment used and the 2 4 6 8 10
experimental procedure. (attached the jotter note)
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Findings from the experiment and calculation involved are
clearly stated.
9 18 27 36 45
2. Use a graph/figure to present the results (if necessary).
3. Discuss the findings and relates to the theory and
objectives of the experiment.
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
1. Write the summary of the overall experiment including the
3 6 9 12 15
results. State any possible sources of error and suggest
recommendation (s) for improvement.
6.0 POST-LAB QUESTIONS 2 4 6 8 10
7.0 FORMAT AND LANGUAGE 1 2 3 4 5

TOTAL MARK

Office Slip

Date of Submitted:
Experiment title: _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

Student Slip
Date of Submitted: _________________
Student Name: __________________________________________________________
Student ID: ________________________
Experiment title: ________________________________________________________ Lecturer’s Stamp/Signature
_________________________________________________________ (Received)
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND
BIOENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

Table of Content

1.0 Objectives

2.0 Introduction

3.0 Experimental Procedure

4.0 Results and Discussion

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

6.0 Calculation & Post-lab Question

7.0 Reference

1.0 OBJECTIVES

To synthesize methane, ethene and ethyne also to characterize the prepared methane, ethene,
and ethyne.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the experiment was to synthesize methane, ethane and ethyne plus to characterize the
prepared methane, ethane and ethyne. There are two experiment which was Part A and Part B. For
part A, preparation with methane by reduction of chloroform, preparation of ethane and preparation of
ethyne. The Part B was experiment to test characterization for methane, ethane and ethyne. The part
A is collected methane gas with test tube, required to use zinc dust to maintain boiling from
aggressive condition and to increase reactivity with water that contain ethanol. For ethane part, there a
dehydration reaction was involved aluminium oxide as drying reagent. While, preparation of ethyne
need to use calcium dicarbide. The calcium dicarbide does react vigorously with water and create
formation of ethyne. The part B experiment was characterization of methane which divided five set of
test tube. Set 1B, Set 2B and Set 2C have positive result but for Set 1A did not have result. It could
probably error when doing experimental or did not follow the theory. For characterization of ethene,
Set 1A, Set 2A and Set 2B have no any change while other have positive result. Last, for the
characterization of ethyne have some positive result of colour changing but for Set 1A and Set 1B
have no reaction which could be error happened. Overall, if there a error happened in this experiment
may have error during conducting the experiment and require some recommendation should be done
to obtain the correct result for the next experiment so the objective of conducting the experiment can
be achieved.
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND
BIOENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

3.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Part A (Preparation of Methane by reduction of chloroform)

1. Add 10 g of zinc dust into a 50 ml round- bottomed flask mounted in ring stand.
2. Add 10 ml of ethanol and 10 ml of water.
3. Fit the flask with a rubber stopper and delivery tube for collection of the gas over water.
4. Add to the mixture 5 ml of chloroform and 1 ml of 10% copper sulfate solution.
5. The reaction may require several minutes to start. If it becomes too rapid, cool the flask in a pan of cold
water.
6. After the air flask has been displaced, collect (over water) at least 6 test tubes of methane by keeping the
bottles
(or test tubes) inverted over the water.

Preparation of Ethene

1. Place Rocksil wool at the bottom of test tube. Drop 8-10 drop of ethanol until the rocksil wool has been
soaked up with ethanol.
2. Place about 1 g of aluminium oxide halfway along the tube.
3. Fit a cork and delivery tube to test tube and heat aluminium oxide with a gentle flame.
4. Collect at least 6 test tubes of ethene by displacement of water.

Preparation of Ethyne

1. Place 2 or 3 small pieces of calcium dicarbide in the test tube and arrange the apparatus for collection of
ethyne.
2. Add 2 or 3 drops of water at a time.
3. Collect at least 6 test tubes of ethyne by displacement of water

Part B(Characterization Tests for Methane, Ethene and Ethyne)

1. Prepare FIVE sets of tubes, each set consist of 3 test tubes containing methane, ethene,
and ethyne),
2. To set 1A and 1B, add 1 ml of a 4% solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride. Put
stopper on all the test tube. Place one set of tubes (set 1A) containing methane, ethene
and ethyne in your drawer for 15 minutes. Leave the other set (set 1B) in bright light
(preferably sunlight).After 15 minutes, observe the results. Open the stopper and blow
your breath across the mouth of each tube. Note and record any difference.
3. To set 2A, swirl about 2 ml of a 0.3 % solution of potassium permanganate in test tubes
containing methane, ethene and ethyne. Record your observations.
4. Set 2B; shake the tubes containing methane, ethene and ethyne with alkaline potassium
permanganate solution (made by dissolving about 0.1 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate
in 1 cm3
of 1 % potassium permanganate solution). Record your observations.
5. Set 2C; add about 1 cm3
of acidified potassium permanganate (by adding 1 cm3
of
sulphuric acid to 0.5 ml of 1% potassium permanganate solution). Record your
observations.
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND
BIOENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Observation

N TEST Methane Ethene Ethyne

o
1 SET 1A

Tubes left in darkness No reaction No reaction No reaction

2 SET 1B

Tubes left in a bright light Second blow the cork for 2 First blow the No reaction
times cork for 1
time
3 SET 1A & B
The second First Last
Blowing across the mouth of
each of the test tubes Blow the cork for 2 times Blow the cork Blow the cork
for 2 times 1 time

4 SET 2 A

2ml of 0.3% potassium Still purple A little bit

permanganate solution a little bit orange colour colour brownish
colour

5 SET 2B

1 ml Alkaline potassium Still purple colour Still purple A little bit

permanganate colour brown colour

6 SET 2 C
2ml Acidified potassium Light purple colour Red colour Dark purple
permanganate solution colour

The purpose of this experiment is to synthesis organic compounds – methane, ethene and ethyne. It is also to
determine the characteristics of the prepared organic compounds.
In test A by conducting these characterization tests, methane, ethene, and ethyne can be identified and differentiated
based on their reaction with bromine water. In test B the experiment aimed to investigate the reactivity of methane
(CH4), ethene (C2H4), and ethyne (C2H2) gases under three different conditions of potassium permanganate:
standard, acidified, and alkaline. The results revealed that methane, being a saturated hydrocarbon, exhibited no
significant reaction in any of the conditions. Ethene and ethyne, as unsaturated hydrocarbons, displayed distinct
reactions. Under standard conditions, both ethene and ethyne underwent oxidation, leading to the decolorization of
the potassium permanganate solution. In acidified conditions, ethene and ethyne participated in electrophilic
addition reactions with the acid, while under alkaline conditions, saponification occurred, resulting in the formation
of an alcohol and the corresponding alkali salt of a carboxylic acid for both ethene and ethyne. These observations
highlight the different reactivity patterns of these hydrocarbons based on their saturation levels and the chemical
environment provided by the potassium permanganate conditions.
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND
BIOENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In conclusion, the synthesis and characterization of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, representing saturated and
unsaturated hydrocarbons, were successfully conducted in the laboratory. The synthesis involved the use of various
organic reagents and reaction conditions to produce the desired hydrocarbons.

Overall, refining the synthetic methods and expanding analytical approaches will contribute to the advancement of
hydrocarbon synthesis and characterization in both laboratory and industrial settings.

6.0 POST-LAB QUESTION

1. What do ‘saturated’ and ‘unsaturated’ mean when applied to hydrocarbons? Give examples of a saturated
hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

2. Give five (5) sources of methane.

3. Describe reactions that are characteristics of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

4. Write a balanced equation for the reaction which methane was obtained by the reduction of chloroform

5. Provide 2 (TWO) other methods of collecting gas that can be used in this experiement

7.0 Reference