INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

● An international organization is one that includes members from more than one nation.

2). Corporations (TNC/MNC)

- transnational corporation (TNC)
● is a company that has business operations in at least one country other than its home
country.
● MNC can also be known as international, stateless, or transnational corporate organizations or
enterprises. Some may have budgets that exceed those of small countries.
Examples: Meta, Microsoft, Apple, and Nestle

Top Largest Company in 2022

1. Apple
2. Saudi Aramco
3. Microsoft
4. Alphabet
5. Amazon
6. Tesla
7. Berkshire Hathaway
8. UnitedHealth
9. Meta
10. Johnson and Johnson

3). Nonprofit Organizations

● groups do not seek to make money from their efforts.
Examples: Emirates Red Crescent and ICRC
4). Regional organizations
incorporate international membership and encompass geopolitical entities that operationally transcend
a single nation state.
5). Other International Organizations
subcategories of international organizations; they can be financial and nonfinancial institutions.

European Union (EU)(27 MEMBERS)

President: Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen
27 members
- Brussels, Belgium
- November 1 1993 (Maastricht Treaty)
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.

created to bind the nations of Europe closer together for the economic, social, and security welfare of
all. It is one of several efforts after World War II.
Beneficiary countries
Bolivia, Cape Verde, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka

Tolerance - Tolerance is expressed in price of the final products for fishery and industrial
products

Cumulation- The following types of cumulation operate in trade under the EU GSP bilateral
regional extended cumulation with Norway, Switzerland and Türkiye

Bilateral cumulation -Materials originating from the EU can be integrated in the products
manufactured in a GSP country and then considered as originating in this GSP country, as long as the
processing done in the GSP country goes beyond minimal levels.

Vessels conditions order for a fishing vessel to be considered as originating in a beneficiary country –
would imply that the fish caught by this vessel
Extended cumulation GSP countries can, under certain conditions, ask the EU for authorization to
cumulate with countries with which the EU has a trade agreement.

Vessel conditions beyond the territorial waters is also originating– the applicable criteria refer to the
country of registration and of the flag of the vessel, but also to its ownership. Note that under GSP
rules of origin, there is no specific requirement on the nationality of the crew or officers

Brexit -UK withdrawal from EU

- EU doesn’t want to receive any products from China
- Russia - Military Weapons and Nuclear Weapons
- NATO- The North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military Agreement

MERCOSUR (Mercado comun del sur) Common market of the South (12)
-Montevideo, Uruguay
A regional organization in Latin America. Regional economic market, its main objective has been to
promote a common space that generates business and investment.
- March 26 1991 (Treaty of Asunción)
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Mercosur’s founding countries are full
members. Venezuela joined as a full member in 2012, but it was suspended indefinitely in
late 2016.

Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Surinam are associate members of Mercosur.

They receive tariff reductions when trading with the full members but do not enjoy full voting rights
or free access to members’ markets.

Why was Mercosur created?

to increase business and investment opportunities for regional industries and encourage local
development. Some bloc members have even proposed adopting a common currency to reduce
dependence on the U.S. dollar.
African Union (AU) (55)
Head of the State and Government of the African Union (AU) - H.E Azali Assoumani President of
the Union of Comoros for the year 2023

Headquarter: Addis Ababa

Chairperson of the AU- H.E Azali Assoumani (East African Region)

First Vice Chair of the Union: (Northern Region), Consultations are still ongoing
Second Vice Chair of the Union- Republic of Botswana, (Southern Region)
Third Vice Chair of the Union - Republic of Burundi (Central Region)
Rapporteur - Republic of Senegal - (West Africa Region)

6 Regions of the African Union

● North -7 countries Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sahrawi Arab Democratic
Republic and Tunisia
● West - 15 countries Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote d'Ivoire Gambia, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,Sierra Leoe and Togo
● Central- 9 countries Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Sao Tome-and-Principe
● East - 14 countries Comoros, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kemya, Madagascar, Mauritius,
Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia,South Sundan, Tansania and Uganda
● South - 10 countries Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South
Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe
● Diaspora - 170 million people living outside the continent

is a continental body consisting of the 55 member states that make up the countries of the African
Continent. It was officially launched in July 2002 as a successor to the organization of African
Unity.
To promote international cooperation, having due regard to the Charter of the United Nations and the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

History: In May 1963, 32 Heads of independent African states met in Addis Ababa Ethiopia to sign
the Charter creating Africa’s first post-independence continental institution, The Organisation of
African Unity (OAU).
First in AIDS

The main objectives of the OAU were to rid continent of the remaining vestiges of colonisation and
apartheid; to promote unity and solidarity amongst African States;

- Richest continent, with plenty of diamonds, gold, and lithium.

- Best hackers like Somalians
- May 1963, 32 Heads of independent African states met in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- OAU ( Organization of African Unity) - manifestation of the pan-African vision for Africa
- September 9, 1999, Sirte Declaration
- H.E (His Excellency) (President or Prime minister)
- Union of Comoros - East African Region
- Central is one of the poorest region

Arab League (22 members)

Founded in March 1945, the League of Arab States (or Arab League) is a loose confederation of
twenty-two Arab nations whose broad mission is to improve coordination among its members on
matters of common interest.
-Located in Cairo, Egypt
-6-day war - Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon
-Hamas - Armed citizen forces for Palestinians
- Gaza - gusto makuha ng Israel
- Arab - people living in the middle east
- Palestinians - Muslim
- Jerusalem is not totally part of Israel
- East Jerusalem - most important in Israel because this is where Jesus was born (sacred place)
- ( Al Aqsa Mosque)
- West Bank and Gaza - gustong sakupin ng Israel
- Red Cross originated in Switzerland (safest place because they remain neutral)
- Department of Migrants and Workers - government for OFW
- Islam - Mecca (Sacred Place)
- Tel Aviv - Airport in Israel
-Iron Dome - Military Technology

The United Nations (75 years) (193 members)

-Manhattan, New York, US
Four months after the San Francisco conference ended, the United Nations officially began, on 24
October 1945.
- Existed after its charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United
Kingdom, the United States, and by most other signatories.
 The work of the United Nations covers five main areas
:• Maintain International Peace and security
.• Protect Human Rights
.• Deliver Humanitarian Aid.
• Support Sustainable Development and Climate Action
.• Uphold International Law

International Law (public international law or law of a nation) - is the body of legal rules, norms,
and standards that apply between sovereign states and other entities that are legally recognized as
international actors.

General Assembly (193 members)- The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking,
and representative organ of the UN.
meets in regular sessions from September to December each year, and thereafter as required.
- General Assembly sessions and General Debate
- on peace and security, admission of new members, and budgetary matters require a two-thirds
majority of the General Assembly Decisions
-General Assembly Hall in New York
-The General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of office.

- sitting arrangements in the General Assembly Hall change for each session
- During the 77th Session (2022-2023), the Belize
Security Council
-takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. It calls upon
the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms
of settlement.
-The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of
international peace and security.

France, Russia, United States, China & United Kingdom are the five (5) permanent members of the
UN Security council.

Economic and Social Council

-serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN system and its specialized agencies in the
economic, social, and environmental fields, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies. It has 54
Members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms.
- principal body
-central platform
- WTO, UNESCO, UNICEF

Trusteeship Council(1945)
- Established by UN Charter, Chapter 13
- Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994.
- resolution adopted on 25 May 1994

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

- ICC International Criminal Court
-a principal judicial organ of the United Nation
- the seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague(Netherlands). It is the only one of the six principal
organs of the United Nations not located in New York (United States of America). The Court’s role
is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give
advisory opinions on legal questions referred to by authorized United Nations organs and specialized
agencies.
- 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations GeneralAssembly and the
Security Council
- one-third of the Court is elected every three years.
-Judges are eligible for re-election.
- judge die or resign during his or her term of office, a special election is held as soon as possible to
choose a judge to fill the unexpired part of the term.

Secretariat
-comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of international staff members
- Secretary-General is the Chief Administrative Officer of the Organization (five years
renewable term) on the recommendation of Security Council
-The Secretary-General is also a symbol of the Organization's ideals, and an advocate forall
the world's peoples, especially the poor and vulnerable.
- UN staff members are recruited internationally and locally and work in duty stations and
peacekeeping missions all around the world.

Antonio Guterres - The current Secretary-General of the United Nations with a term of 5 years in
office.

Sustainable Development Goals -The Sustainable Development Goals or Global Goals are a
collection of 17 interlinked global goals designed to be a"shared blueprint for peace and
prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future".

1. No Poverty
2. 0 Hunger
3. Good Health and Well Being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent work and economic growth
9. Industry, innovation, and Infrastructure
10. Reduced Inequalities
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and Production
13. Climate Action
14. Life below water
15. Life on Land
 16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
17. Partnership to Achieve the Goals

The World Trade Organization (WTO) (over 160)

- is the only global international organization dealing with trade rules between nations.

- The WTO has over 160 members representing 98 percent of world trade. Over 20
countries are seeking to join the WTO.
- All major decisions are made by the member's governments: either by ministers ( usually
meet every 2 years or with their ambassadors at Geneva, Switzerland
-
-
-Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is the seventh Director-General of the WTO. She took office on 1 March
2021, becoming the first woman and the first African to serve as Director-General. Her term of
office will expire on 31 August 2025.

Settling Disputes (Trade Disputes)

- neutral procedure based on an agreed legal foundation.
- Non Discrimination
- Opening Trade
- Predictability and Transparency
- Fair Competition
- Support for less developed countries ( trade facilitation Agreement, provide for practical
- support for the implementation of the agreement)
- Protection of the Environment
- Inclusion
- Partnership -Public Forum provides a platform for society and business groups to
discussthe latest developments in world trade
- Digital Trade

League of Nations - was the first worldwide intergovernmental organization whose principal
mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace
Conference that ended the First World War (Cold War). Known as the “predecessor of the United”, the
League of Nations (1920 – 1946)

South Sudan- The most recent state to join the United Nations, which was recognized as an
independent nation in 2011.

Four (4) Headquarters of the U.N

New York, USA- (General Assembly)
Geneva, Switzerland - (ICJ)
Vienna, Austria
Nairobi, Kenya.

Islam’s denomination
Sunni- The largest branch of Islam,
Shia/ Shiite- The second largest branch of Islam, mostly conservative.
ASEAN (10 MEMBERS)
- 8 August 1967, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand
virtue of that document, the Association of Southeast AsianNations (ASEAN) was born (Bangkok,
Thailand) (ASEAN Declaration)
- ASEAN Motto“One Vision, One Identity, One Community”
-Five Ministers - Adam Malik of Indonesia, Narciso R. Ramos of the Philippines, Tun Abdul Razak
of Malaysia, S. Rajaratnam of Singapore, and Thanat Khoman of Thailand
-ASEAN Motto“One Vision, One Identity, One Community”
-ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC)
ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)

-Located in Jakarta, Indonesia

regional grouping that aims to promote economic and security cooperation among its ten members:
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam.

ASEAN main three (3) Pillars1). Political and security cooperation2). Economic cooperation3).
Socio-cultural cooperation
Facts
● African Countries are considered the richest continent in terms of diamonds, golds,
silvers, lithium
● Best hackers are located in African countries like Somalians
● Central African republic poorest state and under civil war
● Brazil is known for Copa Banana
● MachuPichu tourist spot in Peru
● 2 Categories of Irish the British and Republic
● Catholic or Christian Countries are mostly poor
● Columbia is a developing countries
● Columbia has a school for pageants
● Panama Canal is constructed by American it is located in Central America
● Quezon to Bataan was supposed to be Canal in the Philippines
● Number 1 Drug Lord Pablo Escobar
● Most Tropical Country planted Marijuana
● Zamboanga dialect calles Chabakano is influenced by Spanish
● 2 regions na hindi nasakop ng Spanish is Portion of Cordillera and Mindanao
● Region like Moro and Ifugao is under Philippine Government
● Central Europe: Poland, Germany, Central Republic
● USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) like Belarus, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova,
Kazakhstan
● Ukraine biggest country na kumawala sa Russia
● Dominican Republic and Haiti - black people escaped slavery in U.S
● 2 Tallest Building Burj Khalifa and Burj Al Arab
● 2 Chinese which is Mainland China and Republic of China
● 2 Slovakia ; Czech and Slovakia
● EU located in Brussels under President Ursula
● Axis Power- WW 2 Germany Italy and Japan
● Paris Peace Conference - meeting after WW1