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M3 - Summary of Reading - Questions and Answers

Purpose Students are expected to actively engage with the assigned reading materials. Following the instruction for each week, students will provide a summary of assigned readings or answers to the guiding questions for the readings

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Syamsul Bahri Hs
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20 views

M3 - Summary of Reading - Questions and Answers

Purpose Students are expected to actively engage with the assigned reading materials. Following the instruction for each week, students will provide a summary of assigned readings or answers to the guiding questions for the readings

Uploaded by

Syamsul Bahri Hs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summarize the role of the state and local government in supporting higher education.

Also, explain how state and local financial support for higher education is justified and
distributed across public universities and colleges.

There are many facets to the role that state and local governments play in providing support for
higher education. They provide a considerable contribution toward the financial support
provided to public institutions and colleges. In 2013, federal spending on major higher education
programs totaled $75.6 billion, state spending amounted to $72.7 billion, and local spending
was considerably lower at $9.2 billion (Urahn et al., n.d.). The grant will cover operating
expenses as well as academic program creation and improvements to infrastructure. In addition,
they are responsible for regulating schools, determining tuition policies, and supervising
financial assistance programs in their respective jurisdictions to ensure that students have
access to education that is both affordable and accessible. The concept that an educated
workforce benefits society by promoting economic growth and improving general quality of life is
the basis for this support and provides the explanation for why it is provided (Urahn et al., n.d. p.
16-17). The funding is allocated through a variety of different methods, including direct
appropriations, grants, and subsidies, with allocations determined by characteristics such as
enrollment, academic offerings, and the success of the institution.

Describe major trends in state funding by different funding mechanisms.

The movement toward models that are based on performance is a significant trend that can be
seen in state funding methods. In view of this, financing is becoming increasingly related to
outcomes such as graduation rates, degree completions, and workforce preparedness
https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/TrendGenerator/app/answer/7/20.
As a result, educational institutions are being encouraged to place a higher priority on the
success of their students. Another tendency is the increasing dependence on revenue from
tuition, particularly during times of variable support from the state. This raise worries about
whether or not higher education is within reach financially and geographically. In addition, there
has been an increase in the number of public-private partnerships and philanthropic
contributions that serve as additional sources of funding for institutions (Hillman, n.d.)

Share one major issue you identified regarding state financial support of higher
education in the US.

One major issue identified in the readings pertains to the inconsistency and volatility of funding
levels. Economic downturns or shifts in political priorities can lead to abrupt reductions in state
appropriations for higher education. This unpredictability places universities and colleges in a
precarious position, making it challenging to plan and execute long-term initiatives, maintain
stable operations, and consistently provide high-quality education (Doyle & Zumeta, 2014 p.80).
Furthermore, the overreliance on tuition as a funding source has led to mounting concerns
about the affordability of higher education and the increasing burden of student debt.
Addressing these challenges requires a balanced approach, one that encompasses sustainable
funding mechanisms, transparent allocation processes, and policies that steadfastly prioritize
accessibility and affordability for all students, regardless of their economic background for
example California was particularly hard hit during the Great Recession, and California’s public
colleges and universities have seen large downturns in state funding. Per- student, inflation-
adjusted funding in California dropped from about $9,000 in 2000–01 to about $5,000 in 2011–
12, a decline of nearly 45 percent (State Higher Education Executive Officers 2013) (Doyle &
Zumeta, 2014 p.92)
References

Doyle, W., & Zumeta, W. (2014). State-Level Responses to the Access and Completion

Challenge in the New Era of Austerity. The ANNALS of the American Academy of

Political and Social Science, 655(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716214534606

Hillman, N. (n.d.). Why Performance-Based College Funding Doesn’t Work.

McKinney, L., & Hagedorn, L. S. (2016). Performance-based funding for Community Colleges:

Are colleges disadvantaged by serving the most disadvantaged students? The Journal of

Higher Education, 88(2), 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2016.1243948

Outcomes-based funding: The wave of implementation - inside higher ed. (n.d.).

https://www.insidehighered.com/sites/default/files/files/Outcomes-Based%20Funding

%20Report%20(Final)

Urahn, S. K., Conroy, T. P., Schroeder, I., Stauffer, A., Oliff, P., Robyn, M., Theal, J., Goodwin,

M., & Hillary, K. (n.d.). The Pew Charitable Trusts.

Wilkins, J. (2023, October 30). 50-state comparison: Need- and merit-based financial aid.

Education Commission of the States. https://www.ecs.org/50-state-comparison-need-and-

merit-based-financial-aid/

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