5A Health and medicine

1. I burned my hand (me quemé la mano)

2. I have a nosebleed (catarro)
3. I cut my finger
4. I broke my leg
5. I have a temperatura
6. I have a sore throat (dolor de garganta)
7. I have a cold
8. I have a cough (tos)
9. I have a backache (dolor de espalda)
10. I have a earache (oído)
11. I have a stomachache
12. I have a headache
13. I am stress
14. My knee hurts (rodilla)
15. I have the flu (resfriado)
16. I have a toothache (muelas)

5B Collocation with do, make, have, and take

1. Have
-A chance
-a break
-your time
-a nap (tomar una siesta)
-a Deep breath (toma un respiro)

2. Make
-a list
-a mistake
-an effort (haz un esfuerzo)
-an excuse
-a decision
3. Take
-a Good time
-a talk
-some tea/coffee
-an argument (discusión)
4. Do
-Pilates
-your homework
-Your best (haz tu mejor esfuerzo)
-something
6A Phrasal verbs
1. Turn on (encender)
2. Find out (descubrir, enterarse,averiguar)
3. Run out of (quedarse sin)
4. Break down (descompostura, romper)
5. Throw away (tirar a la basura)
6. Fill up (llenar)
7. Clean up (limpiar)
8. Look up (buscar)

1. Go on-continue
2. Take up- start
3. Take care of-be with (cuidar)
4. Fill out-complete
5. Give back- returns
6. Give up-stop
7. Hold on-wait
8. Turn into-become

5C Emotions and feelings

1. Confident (confiado)
2. Miserable
3. Calm
4. Nervous
5. Cheerful (alegre)
6. Guilty (culpable)
7. Lonely (solitaria)
8. Jealous (celosa)
9. Proud
10. Envious
11. Delighted (encantada)
12. Upset (trastornada, ashh)

6C The natural world

1. River
2. Stream (corriente,arroyo)
3. Rocks
4. Branch (ramas)
5. Roots (raices)
6. Wildlife (fauna)
7. Cliff (acantilado)
8. Ocean
9. Waves (olas)
10. Shore (orilla, costa, playa)
 11. Lightning (rayos)
12. Thunderstorm (tormenta)
13. Cave
14. Peak (pico)
15. Valley
16. Waterfall (cascada)
17. Lake (lago)
18. Sunrise/sunset

7A City features
1. Bike lane
2. Bridge
3. Traffic lights
4. Fountain
5. Crosswalk
6. Street sing
7. Apartment building
8. Streetlight
9. Bench (banca)
10. Trash can
11. Sidewalk (banqueta)
12. Statue

7B Transportation
1. Parking lot (a lot space)
2. Commuter (viajero diario, estudiante)
3. Delayed (retraso)
4. On time
5. Parking space (one car)
6. Passenger
7. Platform (observatorio)
8. Public transportation
9. Rush hour (hora pico)
10. Traffic jam (embotellamiento)

8A Food and drink

1. Strawberry
2. Tomato sauce
3. Beef
4. Shrimp
5. Cereal
6. Cucumber (pepino)
7. Salmon
8. Lettuce
9. Peppers
10. Fruit juice
11. Pineapple
 12. Lamb
13. Tuna (atun)
14. Cabbage (coliflor o repollo)
15. Coconut
16. Turkey (pavo)
17. Fluor (harina)
18. Pech (Durazno)
19. Eggplant (verenjena)
20. Apple pie

8C Adjectives to describe food

1. Spicy (picante)
2. Unhealthy
3. Tasty (muy rico)
4. Raw (crudo)
5. Fresh
6. Crunchy
7. Salty
8. Delicious
9. Sour (acido, agrio)
10. Disgusting
11. Healthy
12. Vegetarian
13. Bitter (amargo)
14. Burned (quemado)
15. Creamy
16. Sweet

Ask for advice: What should I do?

Say something is a good idea: You should see a doctor. I think should get help

Say something is a bad idea: You shouldn´t trust tips on the internet. I don´t think you should go to work.

We use should and shouldn´t + the base form to ask for and give advice and recommendations.

Where should I go on vacation?

You should stay in this country.

You shouldn´t go abroad. It´s too expensive.

We often use I think, and I don’t think with should to show our opinion.
What do you think I should do?

I think you should stay in bed.

I don’t think you should go out. NOT I think you shouldn´t go out.

I/ YOU/ HE/ SHE/ IT/ WE/ THEY

+ Subject + should + verb base form + complement

-Subject + shouldn´t + verb base form + complement

? Should + subject + verb base form + complement?
Y/N Yes, you should/ No, you shouldn´t

Possible future action: Result of action:

-If it rains tomorrow, Laura won´t go to the beach.

-If the train doesn´t arrive, I´ll be late for the meeting.

-If she fails the exam, will she have to do it again?

We use first conditional to talk about the result of a possible future action.

If you help me with my homework. I´ll buy you coffee.

There are two parts to a first conditional sentence: an if clause to describe the possible future action, and the main
clause to describe the result.

If it rains tomorrow, I´ll take a taxi to the meeting.

If cause main cause

We can put either clause first with no change in meaning. However, if we put the main clause first, we don’t use a
comma between the two causes.

If I get sick on vacation, I´ll feel miserable.

I´ll feel miserable if I get sick on vacation.

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

+ If I pass my diving test, I´ll buy a car.

-If they don´t invite me to the wedding, I won´t buy them a present.

? If you take the medicine, will you feel better?

Y/N Yes, I will. / No, I won´t.

-Extremely, very, fairly (bastante), not very, not at all, really, pretty, a little.

She´s a little upset today NOT she´s a little cheerful today

1. Hello- Hi
2. How are you? - How´s it going?
3. On another subject- Anyway (de todad formas, de cualquier manera)
4. Would you like to… Do you feel like?
5. Please tell me - Let me know
6. Goodbye – See you later

Experiences in your life:

Have you ever eaten Japanese food?

She hasn´t seen the new Star Wars movie

I´ve been to Australia, but I´ve never seen a kangaroo.

Look! We use the simple past to talk about when an event happened and to give more details.

I´ve been to the U.S I went to California in 2015. It was great!

We use present perfect to talk about experiences in our lives.

I´ve read Don Quixote.

He hasn´t been to the U.S

Have they done yoga?

We often use ever with questions and never instead of the negative to emphasize that we are talking about our lifetime.

Have you ever flown in a helicopter?

I´ve never eaten a hamburger!

We from the present perfect with the verb have and the past participle on the main verb.

I / YOU / WE / THEY HE/ SHE / IT

+ I´ve written a novel. Michelle has been to China.

-They haven´t gone to the park. Claude hasn´t seen my new car.

? Have you tried this new drink? Has he worked as a chef?

Y/N Yes, I have. / No, I haven´t. Yes, he has. / No, he hasn´t.

We use linkers and, also, as well, and too to add extra information:

• And comes between two phrases: It´s a very beautiful place and it´s very remote.
• Also comes before the main verb: He also gives talks about his adventure.
• As well and too come at the end or phrase: …he was alone, as well… he pushed with his feet, too.

Impossible or very unlikely situation:

If I saw a bear in the mountains, I´d run.

If he run out of food in the rainforest, he wouldn´t eat anything.

What would you do if you saw a shark in the ocean?

We use the second conditional to talk about impossible or very unlikely situations.

If I went climbing in the mountains, I´d take a first-aid kit.

There are two parts to second conditional sentence: an If clause to describe the situation and the main clause to
describe to result.

It she had more money, she´d buy a new car.

Agreeing: Disagreeing:

Exactly! I don´t think so.

I suppose so. I don´t know.

Absolutely! Oh, come on!

You´re right. True I´m not sure about that.

Things that always true:

Does Amelia live in Ankara? No, he lives in Istanbul.

Do you speak Spanish? Yes, I speak a little.

Routines and habits:

How often do you see him? I usually see him on the weekend

How often are you late? I´m never late!

Something that happened earlier than we expect: He´s already finished his homework.

Something we expected to happen before now: Have you had lunch yet? I haven´t seen the movie yet.

We often use the present perfect with yet and already.

Have you been to the new café yet?

Yes, I´ve already been there.

No, I haven´t been there yet.

We use yet in negative sentences and questions to talk about something that we expected to happen before now. Yet
comes at the end of the sentence or question.

Have you written the report yet?

I haven´t finished it yet.

We use already to talk about something that happened before now or earlier than we expected. Already comes before
the main verb.

Do you want to go out for lunch?

No, thanks. I´ve already eaten.

We sometimes use already in questions instead of yet. Already comes between the auxiliary verb and the main verb or
at the end of the question. Already is usually stressed to show surprise.

Have you already finished your science project?

We from the present perfect with the verb have and the past participle of the main verb.

I/YOU/WE/THEY HE/SHE/IT

+ We´ve already heard the news. The bus has already left the station.

-They haven´t found the keys yet. He hasn´t paid the bill yet.

? Have you been to the mall yet? Has she spoken to the police yet?

Y/N Yes, I have. / No, I haven´t/ Not yet. Yes, she has. / No, she hasn´t./ Not yet.

For situations that started in the past and continue in the present:

I´ve worked as an actress for twenty years. She hasn´t seen me since 2010.

Look! We use for for a period of time and since for a point in time:

I´ve has this car for six months. I´ve had this car since February.

More than necessary: The right amount: Less than necessary:

It´s too noisy. I can´t concentrate. We have enough eggs to bake a cake. I don´t have enough time.

You put too much milk in my coffee! Is the room warm enough for you? The car isn´t fast enough.

There are too many people on the bus. OR The car´s not fast enough.

We use too, too many, too much to mean “more than necessary” or “more than is good”.

This exam is too difficult. There are many questions!

We use too before adjectives and adverbs

That restaurant is too expensive.

She works too hard.

We use too many before countable nouns.

I drink too many cups of coffee.

We use too much before uncountable nouns.

I eat too much chocolate.

We can also use too much after a verb without an object.

He worries too much.

We use enough to mean “the right amount” or “sufficient”. We can also use not enough to mean “less than necessary”
or “less than is good”.

Is your coffee sweet enough? I didn´t have enough sugar for everyone.

Enough comes before countable and uncountable nouns.

He doesn´t eat enough vegetables.

Have we got enough time?

Enough comes after an adjective or adverb

The information isn´t clear enough.

We can also use enough after a verb without an object.

I didn´t sleep enough last night.

Too/ too many/ too much not (enough)

Countable nouns You shouldn´t watch too many movies We have enough eggs to bake two cakes.

Uncountable nouns Jen drinks too much coffee in this morning. Do you have enough money to buy those shoes?

Adjectives The train is too crowded at rush hour. The soup isn´t hot enough.

Although: a pesar de que

However: sin embargo

Obligation: Not necessary: Prohibition:

You have to start school at 9:00 am You don´t have to take the course, Students can´t use a calculator

Do they have to wear a uniform? but you can if you want. during the exam.
Inviting: Accepting: Refusing:

Would you like to…? I´d love to. Thank you That´s really nice of you, but I´m sorry, I can´t.

Would you be interest in…? Thanks, that sounds great! I´m afraid I already have plans.

Do you want to…? That´s very nice/ kind of you. I really appreciate the invitation, but…

Do you feel like…? That would be wonderful Sorry, I think I´m busy that evening.

Fantastic

Where I live there are places very pacefull.

Everyone knows each other. Here are delicious tamales, It´s the best, but I live in the center of my town and It´s
crowded, people are sometimes too noisy.