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Lecture 1 Respiratory System

The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange in the body. It takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide through respiration and breathing. The key parts include the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles and alveoli. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and ribs move up to expand the chest cavity and lower pressure, allowing air to enter. During exhalation, relaxation of these muscles returns the chest to its original size and increases pressure to push air out.

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31 views

Lecture 1 Respiratory System

The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange in the body. It takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide through respiration and breathing. The key parts include the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles and alveoli. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and ribs move up to expand the chest cavity and lower pressure, allowing air to enter. During exhalation, relaxation of these muscles returns the chest to its original size and increases pressure to push air out.

Uploaded by

Arnel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Lecture No. 1

• is also known as Human Breathing System


• this organ system is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon
dioxide.

RESPIRATION - it is the exchange of gases between the cells and its


environment.
It refers to the uptake of molecular oxygen from the environment and the
discharge of carbon dioxide.
BREATHING - is the process that delivers oxygen to where it is needed in the
body and removes carbon dioxide.

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PARTS FUNCTION
Nose the organ through which the air enters and is filtered.
there are two openings in the nose, the nostrils or nares that serves as
passage of air into the body.
Nasal Cavity serve as channel for airflow through the nose in which the air is warmed,
cleaned, and moistened.
hollow cavities that extend from the nostrils to the throat.

Parts Of the Nasal Cavities Responsible For Cleaning, Warming, And Moistening The Air
a. Coarse Hair - – projecting from the inner wall of the nostrils strain some dust particles out of the
air that enters the body
b. Mucous Membrane – a layer of specialized cells that line the walls of the nasal cavities that
secretes mucus, which is a moist, thick, gummy substance water in it moistens the incoming
air.
– a layer of specialized cells that line the walls
-Tiny particles such as bacteria and dust stick to the mucus
-The base of the mucous membrane contains network of capillaries which give off heat to
quickly warms the air to the temperature of the body
c. Cilia - microscopic hairs on the surface cells of the mucous membrane that always move
back and forth.
-cilia push mucus and any material in it toward outside the nose.
Pharynx the common passageway for food and air
air from the nasal cavities enters the throat and passes over adenoids
and tonsils

Larynx an organ of complex structure that serves a dual function:


as an air canal to the lungs and a controller of its access, and as the
organ of phonation.
Trachea A hollow tube that serves as a passageway of air into the lungs
Rings of cartilage in the walls of trachea keep the air passage open
It is lined with mucous membrane that bears cells with cilia
The cilia of the trachea push mucus and any material in it toward the
pharynx
Bronchi Two branching tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs
Lungs Each lung is a large elastic, spongy sac
The right lung is bigger than the left lung
Pleura is a double layer membrane that separates the lungs from the
chest wall
Bronchioles The finer subdivisions of the bronchi
The hair like tubes that connect to the alveoli
Alveoli/Air Sacs The functional unit of the respiratory system
Allow gas exchange in the lungs
Surrounded by blood capillaries
As the blood passes through the capillaries, it gives up carbon dioxide
and water vapor to the air sac and exchanges these waste for oxygen

Diaphragm A dome-shaped muscle that divides the chest from the abdomen

BREATHING SYSTEM

Pressure changes in the respiratory system. Air enters and leaves the body because of changes in pressure in
the lungs. These changes are the results of two breathing movements- inhalation and exhalation.

INHALATION EXHALATION
when the oxygen enters our body when the carbon dioxide exits our body
Ribs move out and chest space increases or Ribs move in and chest space decreases or
chest space become larger. chest space become smaller.
Diaphragm muscle contracts or move down Diaphragm muscle relaxes or move up

Key Concepts:
✓ The air enters into the body through mouth or nose and quickly moves to the
pharynx of the throat. From there, the air passes through the larynx or the voice
box also known as the adam’s apple. The trachea divides into a right and left
main bronchus. Each major bronchus then subdivides into smaller airway
passages referred as bronchi, as the airway passages make their way out to the
lung tissue the passages become smaller and are referred to as bronchioles.
Eventually the bronchioles terminate into smaller collections of air sacs known as
alveoli, wherein the actual exchange of CO2 and O2 occurs.
✓ When you breathe in, or inhale, the diaphragm muscle contracts. Inhaling moves
the diaphragm down and expands the chest cavity. Simultaneously, the ribs
move up and increase the size of the chest cavity. There is now more space and
less air pressure inside the lungs. Air pushes in from the outside where there is a
higher air pressure. It pushes into the lungs where there is a lower air pressure.
✓ When you breathe out, or exhale, the diaphragm muscle relaxes. The diaphragm
and ribs return to their original place. The chest cavity returns to its original size.
There is now less space and greater air pressure inside the lungs. It pushes the air
outside where there is a lower air pressure.

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