Fluent-Intro 16.0 Appendix Multiphase
Fluent-Intro 16.0 Appendix Multiphase
Introduction Flow Regimes and CFD Models Multiphase Flow Examples Summary
3 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 26, 2015
Multiphase Flows - Introduction
• The fluid system is defined by a primary and multiple secondary phases.
– One of the phases is considered continuous (primary)
– The others (secondary) are considered to be dispersed within the continuous
phase.
– (Note that for free-surface flows, using the Volume of Fluid model, a distinct
interface is defined between the phases and both could be considered
continuous)
Secondary phase(s)
Primary Phase
Introduction Flow Regimes and CFD Models Multiphase Flow Examples Summary
4 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 26, 2015
Multiphase Flow Regimes
• Bubbly flow – Discrete gaseous bubbles in a
continuous fluid, e.g. absorbers, evaporators,
sparging devices.
• Droplet flow – Discrete fluid droplets in a continuous
Gas/Liquid gas, e.g. atomizers, combustors
Liquid/Liquid • Slug flow – Large bubbles in a continuous liquid
• Stratified / free-surface flow – Immiscible fluids Slug Flow Bubbly, Droplet, or
Particle-Laden Flow
separated by a clearly defined interface, e.g. free-
surface flow
Liquid / Solid
• Slurry flow – Particle flow in liquids, solids
suspension, sedimentation, and hydro-transport
Sedimentation Fluidized Bed
Introduction Flow Regimes and CFD Models Multiphase Flow Examples Summary
5 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 26, 2015
Multiphase Models Available in Fluent
• Fluent contains four distinct multiphase modeling approaches:
– Discrete Phase Model (DPM)
– Volume of Fluid Model (VOF)
– Eulerian Model
– Mixture Model
where and
Introduction Flow Regimes and CFD Models Multiphase Flow Examples Summary
6 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 26, 2015
DPM Example – Spray Dryer
• Spray drying involves the transformation of a liquid spray into dry powder in a heated
chamber. The flow, heat, and mass transfer are simulated using the DPM model in Fluent.
z = 20 cm
z = 15 cm
z = 10 cm
z = 5 cm
Introduction Flow Regimes and CFD Models Multiphase Flow Examples Summary
10 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 26, 2015
VOF Example: Automobile Fuel Tank Sloshing
• Sloshing (free surface Fuel Tank Without Baffles
movement) of liquid in an
automotive fuel tank under
various accelerating
conditions is simulated by the
VOF model in Fluent.
Introduction Flow Regimes and CFD Models Multiphase Flow Examples Summary
12 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 26, 2015
Summary
• Fluent provides a broad range of models for modeling multiphase flows
• Selecting the appropriate model for a given problem requires a basic understanding
of the underlying physics
• To learn more about this topics, consider attending an advanced training class
• Numerous advanced tutorials are available on the ANSYS Customer Portal
Introduction Flow Regimes and CFD Models Multiphase Flow Examples Summary
13 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 26, 2015
Appendix – More Notes on Multiphase
• If phases are separated and the density ratio is of order 1 or if the particle
volume fraction is low (< 10%), then a single-phase model can be used to
represent the mixture.
• In other cases, either single phase models are still used or “particle-presence-
modified” models are used.
16 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 26, 2015
Phases as Mixtures of Species
• In all multiphase models within Fluent, any phase can be composed of
either a single material or a mixture of species.
Define Injections…
Trap
• Wall-jet
Reflect
• Application examples
– High particle loading flows
– Slurry flows
– Sedimentation
– Fluidized beds
– Risers
– Packed bed reactors
q q u q n
t
q q u q u q q p q q g τ q R
p 1
pq
pq u q q q Fq Flift ,q Fvm,q
m
n
t
q qYi q q q u qYi q q J iq q Riq q Siq pi q j m
m q j pi
p 1
• Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions are setup the same as in single phase
• The same species may belong to different phases without any relation between
themselves
• Application examples
– Hydrocyclones
– Bubble column reactors
– Solid suspensions
– Gas sparging
• Solves for the transport of volume fraction of each secondary phase Drift velocity
Define Phases…
Define Phases…