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Lecture 13 RT

The document discusses radiographic testing (RT) safety, including permissible radiation exposure limits based on age and guidelines for protecting against radiation through time, distance, and shielding. It also covers units for measuring radiation dose and techniques for performing single and double wall radiographic testing of pipes and welds.

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samrn8
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12 views

Lecture 13 RT

The document discusses radiographic testing (RT) safety, including permissible radiation exposure limits based on age and guidelines for protecting against radiation through time, distance, and shielding. It also covers units for measuring radiation dose and techniques for performing single and double wall radiographic testing of pipes and welds.

Uploaded by

samrn8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

NON DESTRUCTIVE
TEST - NDT
RADIOGRAPHIC
TESTING (RT)
LEVEL II
LECTURE
Address : 24 El-Gahez St., Haey Sabeaa, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
Phone : +20 01012000780- +20 01012000760
13
Fax : 02-23877325
Website : www.kit-egy.com
Email : [email protected]
2

Contents

▪ RT Safety definition

▪ Radiation amount count

▪ Permissible accumulated dose

▪ RT Techniques
3

RT Safety
Radiation Safety 4

• Use of radiation sources in industrial radiography is heavily


regulated by state and federal organizations due to potential
public and personal risks.
Units of Radiation Dose Measurement 5
❑ Measure of Exposure:

➢ ”The Roentgen” (R) : is a unit of exposure which measure the


ionization produced by X or Gamma Radiation in air.
➢ Technically defined, “The Roentgen” (R) : is the quantity of
ionizing radiation that produces 2.083 million ion pairs in one
cubic centimeter of air.

❑ Measure of Absorption:

➢ “RAD” Radiation Absorbed Dose.


➢ “RBE” Radiation Biological Effect.
➢ “REM” Roentgen Equivalent Man. = 1/1000 R
Units of Radiation Dose Measurement (cont.) 6

➢ Unit of Absorbed Dose is the rad


➢ 1 rad = 0.01 joules/Kg, and 1 gray = 100 rads
➢ Unit of biological effect is the Quality Factor(Q)
➢ Human dose measured in rem or millirem
➢ 1 rem = rad * Q, and in SI units 1 sievert (Sv) = 100 rem

❑ Quality Factors for Different Radiations:

Radiation Type Quality Factor


X and Gamma Rays 1
Beta Particles 1
Alpha Particles 20
Neutrons 10
7
Permissible accumulated dose

Permissible accumulated dose =


5 rem * (N -18)

N = age of person
18 = Minimum Required age
5 = 1.25 rem /3 months
❑ Documenting Surveys: 8

✓ Record the following:

➢ Identification of person & date performed


➢ Areas surveyed (map is best)
➢ Instrument used of monitoring and date of calibration
➢ Results in mR/hour as applicable
➢ Permissible accumlated dose = 5 rem * (age of person -18)
9
Radiation Safety (cont.) 10
Radiation Detection and Measurment Instrument

➢ Technicians who work with radiation must wear monitoring


devices that keep track of their total absorption, and alert them
when they are in a high radiation area.

Pocket Dosimeter Radiation Badge Survey Meter Radiation Alarm


❑ Personnel Monitoring Devices: 11
➢ Pocket dosimeter
➢ Film Badge: 12
❑ Survey Meters: 13
➢ Survey Meter or Radiation Detection measures radiation rate.
Radiation Safety (cont.) 14
Protection Against Radiation
➢ There are three means of protection to reduce exposur
to radiation:

❑ Time:
➢ Dose = Dose Rate x Time
15
16

Radiographic Techniques
Radiographic Techniques 17

❑ For Pipe or Tube Welds :

➢ Single Wall Exposure-Single Wall Viewing technique


➢Panoramic
➢ Double Wall Exposure-Single Wall Viewing technique
➢ Double Wall Exposure-Double Wall Viewing (Ellipse)
technique
Single Wall Exposure-Single Wall Viewing 18
Double Wall Exposure-Single Wall Viewing 19

➢ For any outer diameter (O.D.)


Double Wall Exposure-Double Wall Viewing (Ellipse) 20

➢ For outer diameter (O.D.) equal to 3.5 in.(88mm) or less.


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