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Chapter 1: Introduction To Matter: Ex. Water Into Ice Cube

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. Elements are the building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down further. Each element is made of atoms and has its own symbol.

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Ivan Nenadic
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92 views

Chapter 1: Introduction To Matter: Ex. Water Into Ice Cube

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. Elements are the building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down further. Each element is made of atoms and has its own symbol.

Uploaded by

Ivan Nenadic
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MATTER

Section 1 : Describing Matter MATTER Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Properties of matter: - Hardness - Texture - Shape - Temperature - Flammability - Color Though this sounds hard, forget C. Each specific substance has its own combination of properties that can be used to indentify the substance. Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. Matter can change. A physical change occurs when a material unbdergoes a change in its properties but doesnt change its chemical nature. Ex. Water into ice cube A chemical change or a chemical reaction is a change in matter that produces a new substance. Ex. Rusting Iron ELEMENTS Elements are building blocks of matter and a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means. Each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Each element has its own name which is called a symbol. A symbol is a one or two letter set of characters used to indentify an element. Ex. Oxygen (O), Aluminium ( Al). Elements can exist in a combined or uncombined form. A compound is a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio. A formula is a combination of symbols that show the ratio of elements in a compound. Ex. Water (H20), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Mixture is made from two or more substances that are together in the same place but not chemically combined. Ex. Sea water ( mixture of salt and water)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MATTER


Section 2: Measuring Matter

Mass
The mass of an object is the measurement of how much matter it contains. To measure mass scientist use a system of units called International System of Units (SI), they use kg and g. The weight is a measurement of the force of gravity on an object. Unlike the weight, mass doesnt change if the force of gravity changes.

Volume
Volume is the amount of space the matter occupies. Volume of a rectangle is LENGTH x WIDTH x HEIGHT (cm3)

Density
Density is the measurement of how much mass there is in a given amount of volume Density is mass divided by volume is g/cm3

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MATTER


Section 3: Particles of matter The first person that thought matter was made of small particles was DEMOCRITUS, a greek philosopher who lived BC. He thought that you can cut matter until its smallest piece which is called atomos, in greek meaning uncuttable. The first person who thought atoms had certain characteristics is JOHN DALTON, a british school teacher in 18 century. He carried out atoms and proved his points by it. A combination of two or more atoms bonded together are called MOLECULES. The force that holds two atoms together is called CHEMICAL BOND. Molecules may have different atoms as in H20 and some can be the same as in Oxygen.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MATTER


Section 4: Elements from Earth Gold can be separated from other materials in a mixture because of its density 19.3 g / cm3. Much more than fools gold which is 5.0g/ cm3 Before people used a method called PANNING. Panning is a technique that you put all the dirt and sand and gold and fools gold and then pure in water and swirl it and the gold is going to sink because of the density and all of the other things are going to float away with water as you pure it out. Today, most people use DREDGES. Obtaining an element from its compound To obtain an element from its compound it is necessary to cause a chemical reaction to take place. Ex. To obtain a copper from an ore (a rock containing it) and compound. The last step of obtaining copper from its compound is called electrolysis. Electrodes are two metal strips put in copper chloride solution. Ex. To obtain iron from an ore (a rock containing it) and compound. To obtain iron from its compound, people put ore with iron in it, and it usually contains oxygen together with coke which is a source of carbon in a hot fire (BLAST FURNANCE) and there the oxygen and carbon react with one another with iron left behind.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MATTER/ QUESTIONS


1. What is matter? 2. What are some properties of matter? 3. What is chemistry? 4. What is a physical change? Example. 5. What is a chemical change? Example. 6. What is an element? 7. What is an element made up of? 8. Each element has its own name, which is called a __________. 9. What is ______? Examples. 10. What is a compound? 11. Each compound has its own name, which is called a _______? 12. What is a __________? Examples. 13. What is a mixture? Examples. 14. What is mass? 15. To measure mass scientists use xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx or xx in French _____ _______? 16. What is weight? 17. What is volume? Volume of a rectangle is calculated how? The answer is in xxx. 18. What is density? How to calculate it? The answer is in x/xxx. 19. Who was Democritus? What did he think and do? 20. Who was John Dalton? 21. What are molecules? 22. Chemical Bond? 23. Gold can be separated from other materials by __________ or now days ________. 24. How to obtain copper from its compound? ELECTROYSIS AND ELECRODES. 25. How to obtain iron from its compound? A) B) C) D) Blast Furnance Elecroysis Electrode Dredges

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