Audioscripts

Module 1 M: This new guy, William, seems like a decent sort though.
Admittedly he’s not as tall as Terry was, but he’s better looking.
Exercise 6b (p. 9)
They make a nice couple.
1 Hi there. I’m wondering if you could help me. I’m looking for a F: Better looking? He’s absolutely gorgeous, Frank. The man looks
sweatshirt, a couple of T-shirts and some shorts for my son. He’s like a model!
fourteen years old, so I’m not sure if I should look here or in the M: Be that as it may, I don’t think that’s the main reason that they are
men’s department. together.
2 I’m going to a wedding next week and don’t really have any F: Oh, did she say something to you? I mean, I heard her story about
formal clothes to wear. I need a plain dress shirt, a dark jacket and how they met at a concert. The chance encounter during an
some nice shoes. I can’t wear my old boots to a wedding! embarrassing situation, and all that. Quite romantic, really, if not a
3 Have you seen my mother? She’s wearing a large woolly scarf and little cheesy. At least they like the same music!
a long, tartan dress. I was supposed to meet her here at 7 pm. M: Well, it was a nice story to be fair. But no, not that. She was
chatting in the kitchen and told me that he’s a very sweet man
Exercise 7 (p. 15) and extremely kind. That’s what she loved most about him, his
1 I’m totally jealous of your new bicycle. When did you get it? kindness. I think she’s absolutely right. Personality is so important.
2 While you’re in Montreal, you should take advantage of it and I mean shared interests help, but a relationship needs depth
learn French! more than appearance.
3 My parents are mad about cooking and can spend hours in the F: Well, you do have a point there Frank, and I’m happy to hear that.
kitchen together. She’s a great girl and she deserves someone special. Although
4 Are you mad at me for borrowing your shirt without asking? I’ve got to admit, it doesn’t hurt that he’s so easy on the eye!
5 I felt sorry for the victims of the traffic accident. M: You’re terrible, Jane! You’ll never change!
6 How many people are interested in doing something after class? F: (laughing) You know me too well Frank! Anyway, shall we grab a
7 I don’t care about the colour; I just hope I get a new phone for my coffee before we go shopping?
birthday. M: Sounds like a great idea!
8 Our teacher is always so kind to us. It really makes us feel good.
9 Michael is grateful for the help he got from his friends when he Exercises 5 & 6 (p. 16)
was feeling down. Speaker 1
10 Hanna is passionate about poetry and wants to study Creative My friends laugh at me and say my phone never leaves my hands.
Writing. Really, I don’t know what I’d do without it. I have hundreds of photos on
it. That’s what is so important to me. It’s like I carry around my whole life
Exercise 2 (p. 16) in my back pocket. My family, my best friends, my favourite places and
Text 1 lots of fun times I’ve shared with them. I’m not like other people who
Good morning everyone and welcome to introduction to Psychology spend hours online or texting friends. Oh, I do that too a little, but
101. Before I start the first lecture, let’s just go over a few important I mostly like to take photos.
details about the course. The first thing you need to know is that there Speaker 2
are no examinations. Your success will be decided by how well you do You see this watch? Yes, it’s nothing special. It doesn’t look expensive,
on the project and the other assignments. You won’t be tested on what and I’m pretty sure it wasn’t. It’s just a watch, nothing fancy about it. It
you learn in the lectures, but I expect to see some evidence of what works great. I mean it tells the time, but that’s all it does. I don’t need a
you’ve learned in your work. OK, today, we’re going to talk about how smart watch. I have my phone for all those other things, camera,
personality develops. Any questions before we begin? Internet, games and all that. Yes, I know the time is on my phone, but
Text 2 this watch was a gift, a birthday gift from my favourite aunt. She moved
abroad two years ago. I wear it to remind me of her.
My personality? Hmm, how would I sum it up? Honestly, I think I’m a
very responsible person. My previous boss said that she could always Speaker 3
trust me to do things on time and to do the best job I could. I think it’s I don’t carry a wallet. I got this amazing credit card holder online. It’s
because I’m very organised. Whenever I’m given something to do, really slim and I can put all my cards in it. I only have one credit card,
I always spend a few minutes thinking about the best way to do it, then but I’ve got my debit card in it and my driver’s license and some other
put a structure in place in my head, and then proceed with the task. I’d cards. I don’t carry cash. Who needs it? This is so easy. It just slips in my
also say I’m quite creative, because sometimes I can come up with front pocket, you can’t even see it’s there and I don’t have to worry
a completely new way of doing something. That often impressed my about someone stealing my wallet from my back pocket. That
co-workers at my last job. I suppose if I was to be self-critical, I’d admit happened to a friend of mine.
that I can be rather impatient at times. Although I do try not to take Speaker 4
that out on other people and boss them around or anything. I never go anywhere without my tablet. It’s not that big, so it fits right
Text 3 into my handbag. It’s my computer. I use it for almost everything that
I use my laptop for. I have a laptop but it’s either at home or at the
F: It was lovely seeing Ruby and her new boyfriend yesterday.
office. I like to use the tablet when I am in transit or when I’m chilling
M: Yeah! I haven’t seen her for ages. Not since she was with her ex,
out in a café. It wasn’t cheap so I’m really careful with it. It’s either in my
Terry.
hands or my handbag, which stays on my shoulder. I don’t want it to
F: Oh, don’t remind me. I know people often talk about wanting
get stolen.
someone tall, handsome and witty… well, at least he was tall!
M: Come on, Jane. He wasn’t that bad looking. But I do agree that he Speaker 5
was quite a dull chap and very unfunny. I’m sure he must have I got this necklace from my best friend before he moved away. It’s truly
had a heart of gold though. unique and I get lots of compliments on it. It looks more like something
F: Well, perhaps. Not that you’d know. He was never that warm or out of a sci-fi film than a necklace. My friend made it himself. He actually
generous on the occasions that I met him. made two, one for me and one for him. I really like it, but I have to be

A1
 Audioscripts
careful with it because I’ve lost it twice. He’s coming to visit me next Speaker 2
week and I’d feel embarrassed and sad if I had to tell him I didn’t have Our new place is outside the city centre. It takes about twenty minutes
mine anymore. to drive there, or you can take a train. Even though there are a lot of
houses here, it’s really quiet because we’re far from the city.
Exercise 10 (p. 19) Speaker 3
M: How are you feeling, Mrs Perkins? People from all over the world live here. I can walk out my front door
F: A little better, thanks. Still shaken, of course. But that cup of tea and eat Lebanese food for lunch and have Thai food for dinner. I really
really helped. enjoy experiencing all the different cultures in my neighbourhood.
M: Now, I’d like to ask you some details while it’s still fresh in your Speaker 4
mind. People recall far less, we find, the longer we wait to do an I live on a farm. Our nearest neighbours are over two kilometres away,
interview. So, if you’re up to it... and the closest town is ever farther. Some people might think growing
F: Of course, officer. Fire away. up in rural England is boring, but my brother and I always find
M: First of all, I need your details... So, what’s your full name? something to do.
F: Margaret Annabel Perkins. Born Harris, but I took my husband’s
Speaker 5
name when we married. We all did, in my day...
My family lives in an apartment built by the government. The rent is
M: And your address?
very cheap. We had to put our name on a list and wait for almost two
F: 24 Hill Road, London NE12 2HF. It’s not far from here, actually, but
years before we could move in.
it’s such a steep climb to the top of Primrose Hill that I usually
wait for the bus. I might call Mr Perkins to come and get me Speaker 6
today, though. The building I live in has six floors and we live on the fifth. It’s great
M: I think that’s a very good idea. And if he can’t, I’ll get one of our because a lot of my friends and classmates live in my building or the
patrol cars to drop you off. Now, tell me what happened? one next door. There’s an area next to the car park where we can play
F: Well, I had just left the supermarket when I decided to stop and football and basketball, so I usually spend time there after school.
get some money out from the cash machine there. I’d paid by Speaker 7
card at the supermarket, but I wanted some cash to get a bite to I started university and am living in a hall of residence. I like it because
eat afterwards at my favourite café. Anyway, I had my phone in I have a roommate and eat meals at the cafeteria with other students.
one hand – because I have my pin number on it, you see – and Plus living close to the library and the lecture halls is very convenient.
my card and £40 in cash in the other, and I was just coming away I’m never late for class!
from it when somebody snatched them all from my hands and
ran off down the road! Speaker 8
M: So that’s all he got? It’s very expensive to live in the heart of New York City, but there are
F: Well, he actually dropped the phone as he ran, so I got that back. museums, great shopping, restaurants and basically anything else you
I haven’t even checked if it’s damaged. You see, he knocked me to could think of. The traffic is awful, but there is a fantastic subway system
one side as he ran off, so I’m a bit shaken up. Imagine, knocking that can take you anywhere you want to go.
an old woman down! Hasn’t he got a grandma?
M: Maybe we should drop you off at the hospital instead, Mrs Perkins Exercises 2 & 3 (p. 34)
– get you looked over. Didn’t you get a look at the suspect at all, F: Good morning, KVL Movers. How may I help you?
then? M: Good morning. I’d like to arrange for your company to help me
F: Actually, I did! He glanced around as he made his escape, and move house.
I got a good look at him. He was a young man with long brown F: Certainly. Can I get the date you’d like to do the move?
hair and a very pale face. He was quite tall and not very well-built M: Either the 30th or the 31st of May, next month.
– skinny, even, I’d say. He was wearing a grey hoody and jeans – F: Oh, end of May. That’s popular. I’m going to put you down for the
like every second young man you see these days. 30th. It won’t be as busy. Can you tell me where we’re moving
M: Would you be able to recognise him if you see him again? I’d like from and to?
to show you some photographs. M: Sure! 714 Princess Avenue is where I live now, and I’m going to
F: I think so, officer. 321 Major Street.
M: OK, well, great. Now let me... [fade] F: Got it. OK, now the Princess Avenue residence, is that a house or a
flat?
Module 2 M: It’s a block of flats. I’m in 604, on the sixth floor, obviously.
Exercise 7a (p. 27) F: OK. Will parking need to be arranged for that?
M: I’m in the process of arranging that with the building manager.
Your father and I have been chatting and we think you kids are old The van can park outside the rear door.
enough to take on some of the household chores around here. Paul, F: And what about the Major Street address?
you are the oldest, so you get the best job and the worst one. You’re M: It’s a house. There’s a driveway, so no need to arrange parking.
responsible for scrubbing the toilet and walking the dog. Once a week, F: Great. Now, do you want a van with two men for 75 pounds an
Dorothy will clean the windows, and Lisa will vacuum the floor in the hour, or three men for 90?
kitchen and the front hall. Let’s see, what else? Oh yes, the beds. M: Oh, I really don’t have that much stuff. I’ve sold a lot of it already.
Dorothy will be responsible for making the beds. Paul, I will show you I think we can go with two men at 75 pounds. I think it should
how to use the washing machine. You will be in charge of laundry. Any only take two or three hours.
questions? F: OK, to be safe, I’ll book you for three, from 10 am to 1 pm, if that
works for you? What about packing? Are you going to do that all
Exercise 9a (p. 27) yourself? Our price per hour is based on the customer doing all
Speaker 1 the packing.
When you arrive, you’ll need to stop at the front entrance and talk to M: Yes, I know. I thought I’d ask my friends to come over and help
the security guard. Tell him you are coming to visit the Hermans at 52 me with it, but since there aren’t so many things left, I’ll do it
High Court, and they will let you in. I’ll see you soon. myself. It’ ll be ready before the removal date.
A2
 Audioscripts
F: That’s good. Any special needs or requests, fragile items, oversize graduation, it suddenly hit me – I could combine my two loves,
items, etcetera? and write about buildings! And I applied to every architecture
M: No, none. magazine in the USA and beyond. One took a chance on me, and
F: Great. Let me just get your name and some other info and we’ll I’ve been writing for them ever since. When my mother heard
be all set. that I was going to work for the magazine that had published the
first article anyone had ever written on one of her buildings –
Exercise 4 (p. 34) I think she forgave me!
Speaker 1 F: Coming back to Wright – some have called him “the father of
The last time I moved house was really terrible. I hired a small van and American architecture”. What do you think of that title?
asked a friend to help. And then, on the morning of moving day, he Μ: Well, he’s certainly the father of one movement in American
called to say he was ill. I tried to find another friend to help me, but it architecture – what’s called the Prairie School. Overall, there are
was too late. I ended up moving everything by myself. Well, almost some other American architects that are his equal, in my opinion.
everything. I paid some guy on the street 10 quid to help me carry the But he began a reaction in American architecture against the
bed to the van. A neighbour helped me at the other end. I was copying of ancient Greek and Roman elements, which you saw
shattered. Next time, I’ll hire movers! everywhere up to then in the USA. He wanted America to
develop its own vision, its own aesthetic, and in that respect we
Speaker 2 can call him a pioneer. He drew upon the design elements he
My last move was a breeze. The reason is that I now live in a block of flats and saw in Native American architecture, first of all, and many of his
I moved from the same block of flats. Let me clarify what I mean. I just upgraded buildings have a long, flat, horizontal shape to them which brings
to a new flat in the same building. So I just had to drag my stuff to the lift, take it to mind the broad expanses of the American prairie – hence the
up two floors and drag it out again and into the new flat. I didn’t really have to name Prairie School.
pack much. I borrowed a shopping trolley from the supermarket and threw a F: I see! That’s wonderfully apt!
lot of stuff in there and then took it up in the lift. Easy!
Speaker 3 Exam Skills Check I
Well, I had to move house across the country. Actually, it’s really from Exercise 2 (p. 44)
one country to another, because I moved from Cardiff, in Wales, to
Μ: So, coming in the door, you see the stairs to the bedrooms and
London. It’s only a three-hour drive, but I had to use moving services.
bathroom here, but I’d suggest we have a look downstairs first.
You think it’s easy because they carry everything into and out of the
The door on the left here leads into the front room...
van, but the packing took me days. The removal company came highly
F: Ooh, it’s large, isn’t it? It doesn’t look so spacious from the outside.
recommended, but I was still nervous about my stuff on the three-hour
M: No, you’re right. It extends all the way back to the garden, you
journey, so I packed very carefully. Fortunately, nothing was broken.
see. And with windows front and back, there’s a lot of light both
Speaker 4 in the morning and the afternoon. Now, of course, you’ll have
Well, I suppose moving from Manchester to New York counts, even time to look around again at your leisure, but perhaps we could
though I really didn’t move much. You see, I’m only going to be in the go through the whole house quickly so you can get the big
States for a couple of years, so I hired a van, and my friend and I moved picture. Straight along by the stairs, we come to the kitchen,
all my things into storage. That took ages, and it was hard work. I felt which backs onto the garden.
bad, so I took my friend out for an expensive dinner to show my F: That’s lovely. I love cooking, you know, so I spend a lot of time in
gratitude. Once everything was in storage, the rest was easy. It was just the kitchen! Now, tell me... can I put a gas cooker in here, or only
like packing for a trip. All I brought with me was two suitcases. an electric one?
M: You can install either. And there’s gas central heating too, which
Exercise 10 (p. 37) makes for a really cosy house – plus it’s cheap to run. And if you
F: Today our guest is Timothy Down, whose biography of the like cooking, you’ll love the garden, because there’s a patio area
architect Frank Lloyd Wright, The American Architect, has just with a built-in barbecue!
come out. Tell me Timothy, what first attracted you to Wright? F: Wow! That’s a dream come true! So, shall we have a quick look
Μ: My experience began early, at the age of just ten. My parents upstairs?
were both architects, and often used to take me to see what they M: Yes, let’s. Why don’t you lead the way? Now, going up the stairs,
felt were significant buildings around the country. I was a kid, so you can see a lovely window on the right – that looks out over
for me it was hard to understand what they saw when they ooh’d the garage and, again, brings a lot of light into the house. At the
and ah’d about some towering block of concrete. But one day top of the stairs, there’s the bathroom, with the two bedrooms on
they took me to see Fallingwater, the house Frank Lloyd Wright the left. Oh, and I forgot to mention – there’s a toilet under the
built in Pennsylvania, and suddenly I was in love! stairs – for guests and so on.
F: What was it specifically about the house that had such a strong F: I love the bathroom up here – it’s so modern! Was it put in
impression on you? recently?
Μ: It was, I think, the success of his attempt to make a structure that M: Just last month. They used to have a bathtub and now the
fitted in with the nature it was built on. It stands in among trees, and shower unit gives you so much more space in here. Over on the
at the top of a small but beautiful waterfall, and somehow the left is the main bedroom, which overlooks the garden, and there’s
balconies that hang over the flowing water seem as natural as the a smaller guest bedroom at the front.
rock they sit upon. Almost like they had grown there, rather than F: Lovely! I love the view of the garden. It’s long, isn’t it? Though it
having been put there. Most houses take from nature; Wright’s small does look like it could do with a bit of work. Not that I mind – I’ve
masterpiece blended into it. It was magical, and I was hooked. got green fingers!
F: Weren’t you tempted to become an architect yourself? M: Well, you could do so much with it. So, let me tell you what I
Μ: Of course – and with such a family background, you can be sure usually do now. I’ll go down and make us both a coffee while you
there was a lot of pressure! I even started studying architecture at take a tour at your own pace. Then we can meet in the kitchen
college. But I took a class in creative writing, and fell in love with and I’ll answer all the other questions that I’m sure you’ll have by
that too. When I told my parents I was switching to a journalism then. OK? So, how do you take your coffee?
major, they were none too happy, but they accepted it. On F: Black with one sugar, please!
A3
 Audioscripts
Module 3 Exercise 2 (p. 54)
Exercise 1b (p. 46) Text 1
Speaker 1 Guide: Good morning everyone and welcome to Grace Academy,
All classes will be held in the lab, where we will be able to conduct which, as I’m sure you know, is one of the best private secondary
experiments with chemicals safely using the proper equipment.. schools in the country. We’ll start our tour here. This sculpture was
created by Aleisha Kumar. I’m sure you’ve heard of her. She is a very
Speaker 2 successful artist and she was a student here. If your child is going to
As you can see on this map, the actual distance between Europe and study art here, I can tell you that we have some of the finest instructors
North Africa is very small here at the Strait of Gibraltar. in the country. We’ll visit the art rooms when we go to the second floor.
Speaker 3 Now, let’s go through these doors into the cafeteria. You can see how
No calculators are allowed in class until we start studying more modern and clean it is. Most of the tables seat four as we want students
complex calculations and geometry next term. to be able to socialise while they eat, but you can see we have some
Speaker 4 single tables on the side for students who might want to spend their
All students are asked to choose their option by next week. Please lunch hour studying, or just getting some alone time. OK, follow me
indicate if you will be singing in the choir or joining the band. Students over here and you can take a look in the kitchen. If you would rather
choosing band should list their preferred instruments on the form not make lunch for your son or daughter, you can be sure that they will
provided. get only healthy meals here. We have a nutritionist on staff who checks
with the cooks to make sure all the food we serve is the highest quality
Speaker 5 and best for growing teenagers. OK, let’s exit the cafeteria and I will
I took the class last year and we spent a term on painting, another on show you the gym. On the wall here, you can see a list of successful
sculpture and the last studying photography. Ms Lima is the best athletes who went to school here. There are some Olympians and, of
teacher, and you get to visit a gallery. course, Ranier Wilson, whom I’m sure you know as the goalkeeper for
Speaker 6 Newcastle United.
I’m not exactly sure what the class is about. Maybe reading newspapers
and learning about the Internet? I don’t know, I just hope we get to Text 2
relax and watch some videos at least some of the time. Interviewer: So, how was your first day of school?
Speaker 7 Student: I suppose it was OK. I just wanted to be like everyone else, you
It was in 1592 that the king officially decided to join the negotiations. know, sit in class, answer questions when the teacher asked me, and all
But it was too late, and war started between the two dukes less than a that.
year later. Interviewer: Well, you know you’re not like other students.
Student: But I am. I mean just because I am a successful singer doesn’t
Speaker 8
mean that I’m good at maths, or chemistry or anything else.
Most people love it, but I can’t stand this class. I don’t want to run
Interviewer: And you’ve also made two films.
around a track or go swimming with my classmates. I hate getting all
Student: Yes, but I don’t think I’m much of an actor.
hot and sweaty and then having to change clothes and rush to my
Interviewer: Well, some would disagree with you. So, I guess the
next class..
problem you had today was that you got too much attention from the
other students.
Exercise 6 (p. 47)
Student: Not really. I was expecting that, so I was completely prepared
1 Lie down over here. I’ll call your father and let him know you for it. I just really didn’t want to get special treatment from the teachers.
aren’t feeling well. But, after everything, like in history class, the teacher would say, ‘Let’s
2 If you’re looking for a new novel to read between lessons, I find out what Astra thinks about that.’
recommend this one. Interviewer: Oh, I see. I’m sure everyone will calm down soon. It’s not
3 Would you like salad with your pasta? every day that a celebrity shows up for school. I’m curious. Why did you
4 Good morning everyone. Today, we welcome all of our students decide not to continue with private tutoring?
to the Spring Concert. Student: Oh, you know Harry was amazing. He still helps me with my
5 We’ll start by running around the track twice. Then, let’s divide homework sometimes. Originally my parents took me out of school
into teams for a quick match. and arranged for Harry to teach me at home after my first album. I was
6 Thanks for calling. I’ll let Hannah’s teacher know she will be only 11 years old at the time and they thought it would be really
absent from class today. stressful for me to attend normal school and deal with all the attention.
But now that I am a teenager, I really want to enjoy my teenage years as
Exercise 9a & b (p. 47) a normal teenager. That’s why I asked my parents to put me back in
My name is Christina. I’m a sixth-form student in Brighton, England. I school.
didn’t attend nursery school, so I went right into primary school at the Interviewer: Of course, but you’re not a normal 16-year-old.
age of five. The name of my school is Parkside Secondary School. It’s a Student: Maybe not, but I want to be treated like one. And I want that
state school, which means it’s free. Some of my classmates will leave to start with the teachers. I’ll ask my parents to talk to them about it. If
after this year, but I’ll continue until I’m 18 so that I can do my higher that doesn’t work, I’ll write a song about how the teachers treat me.
exams. Interviewer: Seriously?
Student: No. Just kidding. I don’t want any more attention from them.
I’m Harold, and I’m in my last year of primary school. I’ve been at this I’m happy at the school! I wouldn’t change anything else.
school since I left nursery school almost six years ago. My school is
private, so my parents have to pay for me to attend here. It’s quite Exercise 3a (p. 54)
expensive, so next year I’ll probably attend a state secondary school.
Text 2
Interviewer: So, how was your first day of school?
Student: I suppose it was OK. I just wanted to be like everyone else, you

A4
 Audioscripts
know, sit in class, answer questions when the teacher asked me, and all your opinions on TV. Then one day you disappeared. What happened?
that. Sally: Well, I didn’t disappear from the face of the planet – just from
Interviewer: Well, you know you’re not like other students. that area of it. I used to get up every morning with a smile on my face
Student: But I am. I mean just because I am a successful singer doesn’t and a determination to turn a company on its head. Until one day
mean that I’m good at maths, or chemistry or anything else. suddenly the smile was gone – and I didn’t know why.
Interviewer: And you’ve also made two films. Interviewer: So what did you do?
Student: Yes, but I don’t think I’m much of an actor. Sally: Carried on with the job, but then one day I was lucky enough to
Interviewer: Well, some would disagree with you. So, I guess the get a call from my old headmistress, and she asked me to give a talk to
problem you had today was that you got too much attention from the the six-form at my old school. The minute I finished that speech, I knew
other students. what I wanted to do.
Student: Not really. I was expecting that, so I was completely prepared Interviewer: Was it easy to retrain?
for it. I just really didn’t want to get special treatment from the teachers. Sally: Well, the government allows charter schools to hire experts to
But, after everything, like in history class, the teacher would say, ‘Let’s take special classes without doing any training, so I got a lot of freedom
find out what Astra thinks about that.’ to design lessons the way I wanted. And no retraining required!
Interviewer: Oh, I see. I’m sure everyone will calm down soon. It’s not Interviewer: That was a lucky break!
every day that a celebrity shows up for school. I’m curious. Why did you
decide not to continue with private tutoring? Text 2
Student: Oh, you know Harry was amazing. He still helps me with my M: Well, that was a lot easier than I had expected. For me at least –
homework sometimes. Originally my parents took me out of school poor Tommy didn’t look like he knew anything. He left after half
and arranged for Harry to teach me at home after my first album. I was an hour with his face as white as a sheet.
only 11 years old at the time and they thought it would be really F: I know! And poor Mr Foster didn’t know what to do! He can’t have
stressful for me to attend normal school and deal with all the attention. any experience with exams.
But now that I am a teenager, I really want to enjoy my teenage years as M: Well, he’s not a young teacher, but he only just came to our
a normal teenager. That’s why I asked my parents to put me back in school this year, so I’m not sure. But he didn’t know that Tommy
school. was allowed to leave when he wanted.
Interviewer: Of course, but you’re not a normal 16-year-old. F: Tommy didn’t study, that’s the problem. I hope he learns his
Student: Maybe not, but I want to be treated like one. And I want that lesson when he retakes.
to start with the teachers. I’ll ask my parents to talk to them about it. If M: I hope he doesn’t have to wait until next June. I think they’ll bring
that doesn’t work, I’ll write a song about how the teachers treat me. back the September retakes, don’t you?
Interviewer: Seriously? F: I’m sure of it. A year is too long to wait, and there were a lot of
Student: No. Just kidding. I don’t want any more attention from them. complaints about them cancelling September retakes last year.
I’m happy at the school! I wouldn’t change anything else. M: Are all the exams going to be this easy?
F: Apparently, yes. Because we missed so many hours this year,
Exercises 5 & 6 (p. 54) they’ve deliberately brought the level down to give us a chance.
Good afternoon students. I’m just going to give you a quick overview M: I’m glad they did! I did some past papers in preparation and failed
of the after-school activities that we are offering you this semester. You them all!
can find the schedule online on our school website, but I’m mainly here
today to answer any questions you might have about the various Text 3
activities. As you probably know, the after-school activities start next F: I’d like to thank Mrs Albright for inviting me here to talk to you all. It
week, on Monday, September the 19th but some of them are always fills me with hope to see so many bright faces in front of me, and it also
really popular so I suggest you register online no later than Thursday, fills me with nostalgia. You may not believe it by looking at me, but just
September the 15th. OK, we’ll start with Monday. So, starting twenty years ago I was sitting down there – right there, in fact, where
September the 19th, we’ll have the Table Tennis Club in Room 36A and the boy with that magnificent mane of red hair is sitting now – looking
B. That’s from 3:30 to 4:45. Also on Monday is the Dance Club, for those up at a speaker that Mrs Albright had invited in to tell us about the big
of you who want to show off your dance steps. That’s in Room 271 and wide world awaiting us!
it’s from 3:30 to 4:30. On Tuesdays, starting on September the 20th, It is a big world, and it is a wide world, and it is a wonderful world – but, in
you’ll find the Board Games Club in Room 214 from 3:30 to 5:00. This the words of Cat Stevens, it’s also a wild world. Or maybe you know the
one is always popular as we have the classics like Scrabble, Risk, chess cover version of his song by Mr Big better. But by saying wild, I don’t want
and backgammon and also some that are currently popular. The other to scare you or make you reluctant to enter it. Quite the contrary. It’s that
club on Tuesday is the choir, but you’ll need to try out for this one. I want you to be ready for it, one, and two to have the confidence in
They’re looking for those of you with golden voices. That’s from 3:30 to yourself and the support you need from your friends in order to succeed.
4:45 in Room 311. OK, Wednesday’s clubs are the Science Club and the I’m sure some of you have already got part-time jobs or have travelled
Drama Club. The Science Club is in room 206 from 3:30 to 4:45 and the alone or have taken part in activities that brought you face to face with
Drama Club is in room 312 from 3:30 to 4:45. Oh, and no need to try out your own abilities and shortcomings – but others will have done none of
for that one. You don’t need to be a good actor. That brings us to these, and leaving for university or even straight into the world of work is
Thursday. We have the Running Club from 3:30 to 4:30. You’ll be outside going to be a shock to the system. Prepare yourself for it, because I’ve
on days when the weather is fine, but you’ll always meet in the gym. known people who’ve lost years trying to readjust.
The other club on Thursday is the Swimming Club from 3:30 to 4:30. I At school, I always admired a girl – I’ll call her Jenny. Jenny was top of the
don’t have to tell you where that one meets! And that’s it. No after- class, athletic and in the in-crowd at the school. I was sure she’d succeed
school activities Friday so you can all go home early and start your in life. When I met her a few years back, she was still living in my home
homework. OK, any questions? town and doing a job that even she admitted she found very easy, even
boring. And when I asked her why, she said that when she went to
Exercise 7 (p. 58)
university, she felt so out of her depth that she left after a month and a
Text 1 half and never went back. She’s never failed, you see, and never learned
Interviewer: Sally, you were the youngest female director in the UK at to take the knocks. I told her that when I went to university, I felt lost too
one point, appearing on the covers of business magazines and giving – but I persevered. There was no way I was going home!
A5
 Audioscripts
When Thomas Edison was trying to invent the electric lightbulb, it’s Exercise 6 (p. 72)
said that he tried a thousand different materials for the filament – the Text 1
part of a bulb that glows. When people asked him why he didn’t quit
Thank you for agreeing to join us as a substitute teacher. When there is
after so many failures, he simply replied that for him they weren’t
a class for you to teach, you will receive a phone call no later than 8 am
failures at all. He had, he said, discovered a thousand ways NOT to build
of the same day. We will tell you what class you will be teaching. Classes
a lightbulb. And at 1001 – ding! – the light came on.
have course codes, like 4GEB, which is level 4 General English B section.
It’s a wild world, a tough world, a rough world. You will get setbacks,
When you come in, you’ll need to pick up the folder for that class in the
knockbacks and rejections. But don’t look at them as failures, but steps
staffroom. The folders are right behind the door. You will find all
on the ladder to success. That’s the secret of making it in the big, wide
instructions for teaching that class inside. Good luck and if all goes well,
world in front of you, and enjoying it while you do so. Thank you.
we hope to offer you full-time employment in the future.
Module 4 Text 2
Exercise 15a (p. 66)
M: I really don’t like that we can’t even sit down for a few seconds
My name is Fiona, and I am the Human Resources director here at ABC until our breaks.
Corporation. That means I am responsible for hiring new employees F: Well, you can if you don’t mind getting a warning.
and dealing with all staff-related issues. As you are all new to ABC, M: I’ve already had two warnings. One more and they might let me
I wanted to take a few minutes to explain how you will be paid. First of go.
all, for those of you working in the warehouse, as you know, your hourly F: I know, it seems too strict.
wage is £12.75. If all goes well, after three months, you’ll receive a pay M: Yes, and the fact that we have to wear uniforms doesn’t help.
rise to £13.25. Everyone else is paid a yearly salary, which was discussed F: And ugly uniforms at that. Well, you know, we just have to make
during your job interviews. All workers will receive their pay every other the best of it until something better comes along.
Friday. Please make sure we have your banking information. Aside from M: I know. I check the job search websites every day. There are just
your earnings, a bonus is given to our top-performing employees. not a lot of jobs out there now.
Retiring ABC staff will also receive a pension based on the number of
years they were employed. Are there any questions so far? Text 3
Interviewer: Today, we have on our show Marcus Weber, who is going
Exercises 3a & b (p. 72)
to talk about the future of work. Marcus, you’ve written a lot about this
Speaker 1 topic. So, what can you tell us?
I’m in my office almost all the time I’m at work. It’s quiet, large for a one- Marcus: Well, Jolanta, we can already see the future now. As we all
person office and I really like all the plants. It makes the place seem a know, working from home is becoming more and more common. This
little less cold. But at least a couple of times a day, I need to get out and trend will continue as companies will look for ways to save money and
walk around and just say hello to the others. It gets kind of lonely if I increase profits.
don’t. I used to keep my door open, but now I get a lot of important Interviewer: Will that mean that there will be fewer workplaces, like
calls so I keep it closed. offices?
Speaker 2 Marcus: Good question. I don’t think the number will decrease that
Good morning everyone. This is where you’ll be spending most of your much, but they’ll just get smaller. With a lot of the workers at home, it
time while employed here. As you can see, everyone has their own will only be the managers in the office. Currently, the office of the
desk, a computer and a phone. The phone is for calls within the office. average mid-size business is between 45 and 75 square metres. I think,
The headsets are all wireless, but we ask that you leave them at your in 20 years, we’ll see those numbers drop to between 20 and 40 square
desk if you need to leave. I don’t want to find them in the washroom or metres, with a good number of employees working from home.
in the lunchroom. OK, your training will start on Monday. Any Interviewer: What about other types of business, like manufacturing
questions? and the service industry? What changes do you see happening there?
Marcus: Well, workers have been disappearing from factories for a long
Speaker 3
time. This will continue as machines will do most of the work. I predict
This kitchen is my home. I know some of the staff think I never leave,
that, as that happens, more manufacturing will come back to Europe. It
but I don’t sleep here. We’re open late every night, so I need to be here
left because it was much cheaper to pay workers in other countries. But
just to make sure everything is going the way it should. I really don’t
machines don’t need to be paid, so if there are almost no workers in a
have to stay and help the staff clean up, but I want to feel like I am part
factory, it won’t be that much more expensive to have that factory in
of the team and not their boss. That’s why I do it. Yes, it is hard work
Europe.
with long hours over the hot stove, but I love it.
Interviewer: Wow, a lot of jobs are going to disappear. I guess that’s
Speaker 4 true for the service industry also.
My workplace isn’t just like home, it is home. I’m on my computer Marcus: It certainly is. You know ATMs or cash machines first appeared
almost all day designing office interiors, except when I’m on the phone in the late 1960s and then many bank clerks lost their jobs. Self-
to clients. I mean, it’s great that I don’t have to go anywhere. I get up, checkouts first appeared about 30 years ago, but they’ve really become
have breakfast in my own kitchen and then walk all the way to the next popular in the last 10 years or so.
room and start working. I’ve made it look like an office. I have one of Interviewer: Well, it doesn’t sound optimistic. It seems there will be a
those black office chairs and a great big L-shaped desk. lot of unemployed people in the future.
Speaker 5 Marcus: I actually don’t think that’s true. People will be employed, but
Whether your company is a one-person operation or it occupies three in different kinds of work.
floors of a tower block, we can supply you with all the furniture and Interviewer: Well, I hope you’re right. Thanks, Marcus.
general office equipment that you need, and at a reasonable cost. Visit
our website and see our wide selection of office chairs, desks, Exercise 10 (p. 76)
conference tables, and lots of other office furniture. In terms of Speaker 1
equipment, we have everything from coffee machines to copy I’m in Human Resources, and I’m very much against this modern trend
machines. of putting everything on a CV. I want to know how you’ll fit into the
A6
 Audioscripts
company, not how far you can walk or what the highest mountain interview, because employers will be expecting to see you on screen.
you’ve climbed is. These extra bits of information are supposed to So dress appropriately – a shirt and jacket, and a tie if you wish. First
reveal something about a candidate, but for me it’s misleading – not to impressions still count online!
mention the fact that it’s unprovable. I just want to see your Employers will be looking at your profile, so make sure it’s up to date
qualifications and experience and, if you fit, I’ll call you in for an and eye-catching. Keep it short, because they’ll have a lot to get
interview. And as for putting your photograph on an application – I through, and there’s nothing so off-putting as a huge block of text to
don’t allow it. Those go straight in the bin. I don’t want to judge a book skim through. Keep the tone semi-formal, which means not too formal
by its cover. and not too familiar, and check your writing word by word for spelling
Speaker 2 and punctuation errors – there’s nothing worse than mistakes in the
I’ve been out of work for six months now, and I’m starting to despair. I first piece of writing a potential employer gets from a candidate!
go to interview after interview, and they seem to go well, but then I Do look at the FAQs below, and if your question isn’t answered there,
wait and wait by the phone and – no call. I even decided to bite the shoot me an email at [email protected].
bullet, and the next time I was waiting for an interview with a couple of
other candidates, I asked them what they thought I was doing wrong! Text 3
One said my computer qualification is out of date, so I guess I’ll have to Interviewer: Hello and welcome to the programme, brought to you
update it. I had a look at some schools and they charge a fortune, but it today from the oldest university in Scotland, St Andrews. I have with
can’t be helped. The other candidate said I was too old! I mean, he was me the oldest tour guide in St Andrews too, Melanie McCourt, who’s
probably trying to put me off, but I found it a little depressing. going to tell us about it. Melanie, is St Andrews close to Oxford and
Cambridge in terms of age?
Speaker 3
Melanie: No, no, not by a couple of hundred years. But interestingly,
I’m doing the interview rounds and it’s all the same: you turn up in your
out of the seven ancient universities, only those two are in England,
suit and tie and sit with other suits in the waiting area, studiously
and all the rest are in Scotland! St Andrews itself was formed in 1413 in
ignoring each other until you get called in. During the last one, though,
the town of St Andrews in east Scotland, a place doubly famous due to
I struck up a conversation with a woman there and we really hit it off!
the fact that it’s home to the world’s oldest golf course – again, St
We met a couple of weeks later and had a coffee. Neither of us got the
Andrews.
job, but she said it was good experience for future interviews, which I
Interviewer: And why St Andrews? Isn’t it rather small? And Scotland a
thought was a very healthy way of looking at it. She also said that when
little remote?
I started talking to her, she was going to ignore me because she
Melanie: I think the remoteness was part of its attraction, to be honest.
thought I was trying to put her off! Nothing could have been further
The school that became the university was founded by a group of
from my mind!
priests running away from some danger in France. They seem to have
Speaker 4 made a good go of it, though, because in just 1413, they had the
What I don’t find fair is the way firms really don’t want to hire older Avignon pope, Benedict XIII, give them university status, followed by a
people for positions they’re very well qualified for. My mum and I were confirmation of that university status from King James I of Scotland,
both applying for jobs recently, and we’re both administrative which sealed its place, really.
assistants, so we were applying for the same posts, mostly. And Mum’s Interviewer: But why St Andrews? It’s tiny, isn’t it?
got loads more experience than me. But I got three times as many Melanie: Pretty tiny, yes. It has a permanent population of around
interviews as her! She got a job in the end, but it took her twice as long 18,000 – that’s excluding the students. Considering the fact that the
as me. She got quite discouraged about it, but I just told her: “It’s not student body is over 10,000, you can imagine that the life of the town
new, Mum, it’s society. The odds are stacked in favour of the young does to a great extent revolve around the university. There are
across the board.” traditional events held by students throughout the year, and it is not
uncommon to see them walking the streets of the town dressed in the
Exam Skills Check II traditional red undergraduate gowns.
Exercise 2 (p. 83) Interviewer: Quite wonderful!
Text 1
We asked a number of students in secondary school what they think
Module 5
school will be like in 50 years’ time, and the results were a little Exercise 13 (p. 86)
surprising. Before the pandemic, teens used to talk about remote L: Hey Janis! Do you have any plans for the long weekend?
schooling, and just rolling out of bed to turn on their computer and J: Hey Leo! Yes, I’m going to be super busy. On Saturday morning,
enter the virtual classroom. Now, face-to-face contact and socialising I’m going rollerblading with my cousin. Then in the afternoon, I
are seen as far more important, with most saying that real physical have to go to my music class downtown.
schools will still exist. Classrooms will be different, however, with L: Oh, yes. I think I’ve seen you play guitar at school.
students bringing their own devices into class to use for research, notes J: I’ve been taking lessons all year. What about you? Any exciting
and exercises, as well as pop quizzes and tests. There will also be robots plans?
in every classroom to act as a kind of teaching assistant. What do you L: Nothing really. I usually spend Saturdays at my dad’s garage. He’s
think? Do you agree this is the way education will be? helping me fix up an old car.
J: What a cool hobby! I guess it helps when your dad is a mechanic.
Text 2 L: Other than that, I’ll probably end up surfing the Net and chatting
This is your guide to how to make the most of the annual Virtual Job online. I actually enjoy a quiet night in.
Fair you have signed up for. As you know, we aim this event at students J: Well, if you’re not busy on Sunday, I’m having a few friends over to
who will graduate from university or college this summer, and want to play cards. You’re welcome to join us.
have something lined up so they can hit the career ladder running, so L: Sounds good! What time?
to speak. However, all are welcome to one of the most successful
virtual job-seeking events in the UK, so if you have a recent graduate Exercises 2 & 3a (p. 92)
you know of who is looking for work, do let them know about us. Classmate: Well, I think most people would expect me to say one of
Remember to approach the event as you would an official face-to-face my parents, but you asked me for three people, and it would be difficult

A7
 Audioscripts
for me to choose one parent over the other, so rather than choose my Exercise 16 (p. 97)
mother or my father, I’ll go with my grandmother, who is my father’s Text 1
mother. Actually, I only met her when I was 3 years old, so I’ve only
F: Did you have a good time at Julia’s birthday party? I’m sorry I
known her for about 12 years. She was living in Canada before that. I
couldn’t make it – I had all these preparations to do for today.
admire her because, since my grandfather died, she has travelled all
M: Well, let me tell you you’ve done a great job! It’s all very tasteful.
over the world. She is so strong and independent. I think she is the only
What an amazing couple!
relative I have that I can be completely honest with. We often go on
F: They were, weren’t they? And just imagine, 50 years together and
long walks together. She always has great advice for me.
then they die on the same day!
I don’t have ONE best friend, but I have one friend, Linda, who means
M: I’d never seen a more loving couple. I went to one of her birthday
so much to me. I only met her two years ago through another friend. I
parties. 90 years old each, and yet they danced together all night!
love being with her because she is so much fun. My favourite thing
F: Well, I saw them at their last anniversary party, and they held
about her is she always makes me laugh. She does have a serious side
hands all evening. So touching!
too. We talk for hours sometimes and then there are times when we
M: Yes, very. By the way, what time are we due at the cemetery?
just laugh and have fun together. Linda is always up for anything.
They say it’s going to rain at around 3.
Whatever I feel like doing, she’s always open to it.
F: Oh, we’ll be well finished by then.
I guess my third choice would be my older brother. He’s 19. My sister is
only 5 so we don’t really have a lot in common yet. Of course, that will
Text 2
change when she gets older. He is patient and I think he must be the
kindest person I know. That’s why I love him. It’s hard not to! I guess M: A bit of teenage rebelliousness is to be expected at his age, but
that’s why he has so many friends, but he always has time for me. He your son’s behaviour is starting to get in the way of his learning –
helps me with my homework whenever I need it. and that of the rest of his class.
F: All teens are like that, though, aren’t they? I mean, in my day you
Exercises 6 & 7 (p. 92) could never get away with what we let our young people say and
do these days!
Speaker 1
M: I don’t know about that. Every generation tends to say the same
Oh, I really don’t like talking about my lifestyle because it makes me feel
thing.
bad about myself. Right now I’m under so much pressure because of
F: Maybe it’s just my impression then. And I suppose I did have a
work, so I haven’t been looking after myself. Next summer I’ll do
particularly strict upbringing.
something. I’m going to get out more, maybe go for bike rides with my
M: How is Paul’s home life?
friends. I also have to change my diet. It’s not the meals, but it’s what
F: Not wonderful, after his father and I broke up. He’s hardly seen
I eat in between and after. In the evenings, you’ll find me on the couch
him since he moved out.
with a big bag of crisps.
M: That’s a definite problem. Some time with a male figure is very
Speaker 2 important at his age. It doesn’t have to be constant, but quality
My parents worry about me because I’m hardly ever at home during time every week is essential.
the day. I guess it’s normal for parents to worry, but it’s a bit annoying. F: Once a month is closer to the mark. I’ll talk to my ex-husband
I always tell them what my plans are, but they always try to convince about it.
me to stay home. I just really love socialising. I have a lot of friends and
we do lots of things together. Even when I have to study or do Text 3
homework, I do it at a friend’s house. I go to the cinema a lot and I go to
F: There is an African saying: “It takes a village to raise a child.” And what
as many concerts as I can afford on what I make from my part-time job.
is meant by this, of course, is that bringing up a child is not just the job
I really don’t do anything that’s bad for me.
of parents, but also grandparents, uncles and aunts, godparents,
Speaker 3 neighbours, and other members of the child’s local community. And
You sit at home every day and you’re either on your computer or your this is true, and I think it indicates the main reason for the fact that
phone. Most kids your age do something active. I know you don’t like parenting has become the number one source of stress for many
organised sports, but you could go for a walk sometimes. Why don’t adults, ranking above career progress, old age, world problems and
you contact one of your friends and meet them in person? Go for a even death! The nuclear family places the mother and father under a
walk. Do something! The weather is great now. Get out and do kind of jar with their 1.2 children – or whatever the average number is
something. You can sit around in the winter, although that’s not a good these days in the West. And in that jar they stay, for 18 whole years,
idea either, but we’ll deal with that then. hoping they’re doing the right thing but unable to find out until the
Speaker 4 child comes of age and moves out. And often that’s too long.
I live for the present. I work hard, and I need a reward for that, and As a family counsellor, I am faced daily with mothers and fathers who
I need it now. I spend the money as soon as I earn it. I understand when have reached the end of their tether, terrified that they’re doing harm
some of my friends say, “I want to save up for a house.” Or maybe it’s an to their children, and the message I have for them all is the same. Relax
expensive car. Whatever, but I can’t do that. I enjoy myself when I’m and enjoy, first of all. Your children’s growing up should be a time of joy.
spending money. I go shopping a lot and if I see something I want, Your anxiety shows that you care, and that’s what a child needs: care,
I buy it. I eat in restaurants four or five evenings a week. I go to lots of love and attention. What they don’t need is an atmosphere of stress,
films, concerts and sports events. It’s my life! because a child can detect stress and does not have the necessary
maturity to deflect it. They will catch it, as they would a cold, and
Speaker 5 a stressed child is an unhappy child.
I wasn’t always as fit as I am now. In fact, I guess you could say I was a Second, open up and let others in. Bring the village into your life, and
bit of a couch potato. It’s not that I wasn’t interested in exercising, it’s make your home the centre of a village. The more people there are in
just that I really enjoyed watching TV. To be honest, I still do, but I limit your child’s life, the less the focus is on you and your responsibilities.
myself to three hours a week. I’m a middle child and my siblings have This is not to say that you will become less important to your child,
always been really active. They asked me every day to join them and because the mother and father are always the centre of a child’s
one day I just decided – why not? And now we exercise together every universe. But you become less massive, less like a giant star or a black
day.

A8
 Audioscripts
hole pulling every emotion, detail and experience into it. This gives of The Three Musketeers, Alexandre Dumas was a frequent customer. In
your child a little more freedom too. fact, this is the place where he got his first taste of bicerin, a unique hot
And a child needs freedom. In just 18 years, they need to acquire the drink made with espresso, drinking chocolate and milk. Many fine cafés
capabilities to become independent, live alone, hold down a job, I said, but none is grander than the beautiful Caffè San Francesco at its
conduct friendships and eventually, if they wish, become parents location here on the splendid Piazza Castello, right in the heart of the
themselves. And that can only happen if the parents can let go, slowly, old city. As you can see, the interior is richly decorated with ornate
carefully. Always keep in mind that your child will stumble at times, will gold-leaf mirrors, a variety of coloured marble and thick red velvet
fall. You will always be there to pick them up, comfort them if they are curtains. Sadly, it was badly damaged during World War II and had to
hurt. But, fall they must, and that’s nothing to lose sleep over. stay closed for most of the 1950s. A terrible fire destroyed almost
everything. That huge mirror above the bar is a restoration, but the
Module 6 glittering chandelier above your heads is an original. Eventually, the
Exercise 9 (p. 103) place was rebuilt and returned to its former glory and then reopened in
the 1960s. Now, how about we get in out of the cold air and have a hot
Tonight, we’ll be making spaghetti carbonara. First, you’ll need to boil a
cup of something delicious? Follow me and we’ll try to get a table. I can
pot of water to cook the pasta. Next, chop the bacon and garlic into
see one of the baristas is preparing the city’s traditional hot drink now.
small pieces and fry them in a large saucepan. In a small bowl, mix
Sitting in this luxurious café and sipping on a glass of bicerin is most
together the eggs and grated parmesan cheese. When the pasta is
definitely one of the things that should be on your bucket list when
ready, drain the water, but keep some to add to the egg mixture. Add
you visit Turin.
the spaghetti to the pan with the bacon and turn off the heat. Then,
gradually pour the egg mixture over the pasta and continue to stir until
Exercises 6 & 7 (p. 110)
everything is mixed well. Let it stand for a minute before serving.
Delicious! Speaker 1
I’d eat tacos every day if I could. I love that you can put anything in
Exercise 2 (p. 110) them, from ground beef to fried cauliflower. And you can also combine
different ingredients and use different sauces. There’s a great Mexican
Text 1
restaurant near my home, which has at least 8 different kinds of tacos.
Teacher: OK, let’s review the cooking verbs before the test. I’m going to I’ve tried them all. They always use corn tortillas. I hate when places use
show you the action and you try to guess the verb, but don’t shout it the wheat ones. My Mexican friend says that’s an American thing. The
out. Raise your hand if you know and I’ll ask you. Alright, here we go. corn ones are hard to find. Whenever I find some, I buy them and freeze
Vera? them so I can make my own tacos.
Vera: Chop.
Speaker 2
Teacher: Not quite. Watch again. Notice how slowly I do it. Jakub?
I really like frozen pizza. No, I don’t eat it frozen. I put it in the oven and
Jakub: Slice.
it’s done in less than 15 minutes. It’s so easy, so convenient. That’s why
Teacher: Yes, that’s it. Next. Vera?
people buy it, but not me. I actually like it better than the pizza you get
Vera: Chop!
in a restaurant. I know you think I’m crazy, and I can’t even tell you why
Teacher: Yes, that is chop. You’ll notice it’s much faster and I just move
I like it as much as I do. It’s got to be thin crust and vegetarian, because
up and down with my imaginary knife, careful not to cut my finger
I don’t eat meat. Spinach and cheese, that’s my favourite, though I like
[laugh]. When I slice, like this, I put the knife in and pull it back. Slower
to put a little hot sauce on it.
and in a different direction. Next …
Speaker 3
Text 2 Me, I’m crazy about Pad Thai. If you don’t know it, it’s a famous dish
M: What do you mean, that you’re a flextarian? from Thailand, as the name suggests. It’s made from rice noodles,
F: It means I’m a vegetarian, but I also eat meat. I’m flexible. which are stir fried with a delicious sauce and ingredients such as
M: That’s nonsense. Anyone could call themselves that. I could say shrimp, different vegetables, bean sprouts, eggs and peanuts. It’s very
that. I’m a vegetarian who eats meat. popular in Thai restaurants in Europe, but in Thailand it’s mainly street
F: No, you don’t understand. We are mostly vegetarian, but food. What’s interesting is every restaurant seems to make it a little
sometimes, not often, we’ll eat meat. For me, it’s special occasions, differently, even in Thailand. I’m always searching for the best Pad Thai.
like Christmas or Easter, or sometimes when I go out to a So far, it was on the street in Bangkok while I was on holiday.
restaurant that doesn’t have many good options for vegetarians. Speaker 4
M: Oh, sorry. I get it now. It’s like being a vegetarian and cheating I’m pretty traditional when it comes to food. I’m definitely not
once in a while. adventurous. I also don’t like spicy food, so that rules out Indian,
F: I guess you could think of it that way. Mexican and a lot of other kinds of food. For me, there’s nothing like a
M: But do you even like meat when you eat it? good old-fashioned schnitzel. Oh, I know it’s not healthy and it’s not like
F: I mean, if it’s good quality and nicely cooked, totally. But I’d never I eat it every day, but I wish I could. I will usually order it in restaurants if
eat really processed meat like a chicken nugget or a kebab or it’s available. Luckily for my health, I can only afford to go to restaurants
anything like that. about once a week. Nothing like schnitzel with mashed potatoes.
Simple, but delicious. Maybe one day I’ll learn how to make it myself.
Text 3 Exercise 10 (p. 114)
We are now going to visit a café that is counted among the most iconic Did you know that there are more microbes living in and on your body
in Europe. Caffè San Francesco has been a meeting place for famous than there are actual cells of your own? This astonishing discovery has
writers, artists and thinkers for two hundred years. It’s been serving led scientists to realise that most of these microorganisms are not the
coffee since 1822. You’re actually in one of Italy’s most historical cities, bad boys that bacteria have acquired a reputation for being. And rather
as it was the original capital of the Kingdom of Italy, from 1861 until than cause illness, many of them actually work to fight it!
1865, followed afterwards by Florence and finally Rome. As a result, The majority of these ‘good bugs’ live in our gut, in that long tube called
Turin attracted Europe’s political and literary community and many the small intestine, which starts just under the stomach and ends at the
finely decorated cafés were established where they would meet and large intestine. Collectively known as ‘gut flora’, these tiny
exchange ideas. Famously, in the 1860s, the French novelist and author microorganisms help digest the food we eat so that we benefit to the
A9
 Audioscripts
maximum in terms of the amount of nutrition we get from it. They also 2 Here’s a size 9. These boots tend to fit a bit small, so I’ve also
stop any harmful bacteria that enter the system from taking over and brought you the 10 to try on as well.
making us ill, as well as produce substances that have a role in fighting 3 I’ll take 2 kilos of salmon and 500 grams of shrimp. If the trout is
diseases as serious as cancer. fresh, I’ll take two of those as well.
The path to healthy gut flora is in food with live bacteria in them. That 4 We’d like one black coffee, and one coffee with milk and sugar.
ranges from yoghurt and certain cheeses to pickled cabbage dishes Also, what kind of cakes or biscuits do you have today?
like the German sauerkraut and the Korean kimchee. You also need a 5 OK. Pens, pencils, paper, notebooks, a ruler. Do you need anything
diet which increases the amount of fibre and complex carbohydrates else? These diaries are on sale this week if you’re interested.
you consume while at the same time reducing those sugary snacks 6 You’ll find cereal in aisle two and the milk and eggs are located at
and desserts, since sugar has been proven to displease our small the back of the shop, next to the bakery section.
intestine friends.
If you go through an illness that requires you to take an antibiotic, be Exercise 12 (p. 124)
warned that these medicines can kill your good microorganisms along 1 When I opened the box, everything looked fine. But when I went
with the bad. That’s why it’s vital, after the course has ended, to build to connect the game console to the TV, I noticed the cable wasn’t
up your gut flora again. Ask your doctor to prescribe a probiotic, which there, and it’s supposed to come with one.
does the work of the foods I mentioned before, but over a much 2 I realise that you sell used textbooks, but I didn’t expect them to
shorter period of time. be this damaged. Look at this! These pages are all ripped! You
can’t sell something in such poor condition.
Exam Skills Check III 3 My mother gave me the jumper as a gift, and I didn’t notice the
Exercise 2 (p. 120) hole in it until I tried it on for the first time. It still has the tags on it.
F: Hello, this is Speedy Salvatore’s Pizza Delivery and Takeaway. How Can I exchange it for a new one?
can I help you? 4 I’m not sure what the problem is. All of a sudden it just stops
M: Hi! I have an order for a delivery. You’re still delivering, aren’t you, working and the screen goes black. I have to press the home
despite the storm? button and turn it back on to get it working again.
F: Of course, rain or shine! First of all, could you tell me your name, 5 I bought this yesterday and used some to make myself hot
please? chocolate, but it didn’t taste right. After checking the package,
M: Mark Prince. I noticed the expiry date was last month. I’d like a refund, please.
F: Could you give me the address you want the order to be 6 The picture online showed it as a deep red, but the actual hat
delivered to? that was delivered to me is pink. How can I return it and get my
M: 27 Parkside Crescent. It’s just by Hawthorn Park. money back?
F: Parkside Crescent? Yes, I know it well, sir. You haven’t ordered
from us before, I see. Exercise 3 (p. 130)
M: No. Text 1
F: It won’t be the last time, I can promise you. Now, what would you M: I need a new pair of shoes for work. While you look around here,
like to order? I’m going to go to the second floor to look at shoes.
M: Well, I’m not sure... could you tell me how big a medium pizza is? F: I won’t be that long. I’m just going to pick out another couple of
F: It’s eight pieces, and I’d usually recommend it for two people tops and then pay for them.
maximum. Not more. M: OK, but don’t spend too much. Remember, we need to go to the
M: There are a few more than that over here, I’m afraid! It’s the cup supermarket after this.
final, you know. We’d better have three large pizzas. F: Don’t worry, everything here is on sale. It’s all 30 to 50% off. Shall
F: Of course. What kind of crust, traditional or wholemeal? I meet you at men’s footwear?
M: No, not wholemeal. Just the usual, I think. M: Sure, but if I finish before you, look for me in sports goods. It’s also
F: OK. And what toppings would you like on them? on the second floor, just at the bottom of the escalator.
M: One plain margherita, one bacon and mushroom and one
Salvatore Special, please. Just one thing... Text 2
F: Yes?
Would you feel safe running in the rain in an old pair of trainers? I don’t
M: Could the Salvatore Special come without the onion?
think so. So why would you drive on an old set of tyres? How old is old?
F: That’s fine. No problem at all. Would you like any side dishes or
At what point do they start to become dangerous to drive on? Not sure
salads?
of the answers? Well, at M&S Auto, we’ll answer these questions for you.
M: Three orders of garlic bread. We love garlic bread here!
Throughout the month of October, we’ll do a complete tyre inspection
F: Right. And do you need anything to drink with that?
on your vehicle for free! That’s right, free. Book an appointment on our
M: I don’t think so, no.
website with an M&S Auto near you. We provide a detailed report on
F: OK, then. Will you be paying by card or cash?
the state of your tyres and recommend when to purchase new ones.
M: Cash, for once. We all threw a little money into the middle, so
Should you choose to do that at M&S, instead of another garage, show
we’ve got plenty of change, too.
us your report and you’ll get a 10% discount!
F: That’s wonderful. You can expect you order to arrive in no more
than 25 minutes. Goodbye and thank you for choosing Speedy
Text 3
Salvatore’s Pizza Delivery and Takeaway.
F: Good morning. How may I help you?
Module 7 M: Good morning. Yes, well, I bought these jeans here last Thursday,
or maybe it was Friday … anyway, I’d like to return them.
Exercise 2 (p. 122)
F: Certainly. Do you have your receipt?
1 We’d like to book a 2-week holiday somewhere warm, maybe M: Yes, of course. Here it is.
Spain or Cyprus? Could you tell me how much something like F: Hmmm. These were bought on sale last Saturday. I’m sorry, but
that would cost, including airfare and hotel? we don’t accept returns on sale items.
M: Seriously? What if there was something wrong with the product?
A10
 Audioscripts
Do you mean to tell me that you’d want customers to have Exercise 6 (p. 130)
products that they can’t use? That doesn’t seem right. Speaker 1
F: Well, if there’s a fault, that’s a different matter, sir. Is there I couldn’t believe the price when I saw it. I mean 600 euros, well, really
something wrong with the jeans? 599, for 8 days in Cuba in a four-star hotel – on the beach! An all-inclusive
M: Yes, there is. Look right here on the inside of the leg. They weren’t holiday! I’d checked with a travel agent the year before and had been
sewn properly. The stitching is coming out. It’s just a matter of offered a similar package for 900 euros. I was a bit nervous because I’d
time before a hole opens up here. never used that website before, but the holiday was everything it
F: Oh, I can see that. That’s very unusual for these jeans. I’ve never promised it would be. They couldn’t guarantee the weather, and it did
seen it before. Well, no problem. You can exchange them for a rain a bit on two of the days, but otherwise, it was just what I’d needed!
new pair.
M: I’d rather have my money back. Speaker 2
F: I’m really sorry, but we can’t refund your money because it was a It was just a pizza, but I get excited every time I get a bargain. I don’t
sale item. It’s against store policy. know. You feel like you’ve won a contest or something. It wasn’t even
M: But I can’t use these jeans. I just want my money back. I want to that much cheaper. I asked for a medium and they said that, for the
look for a new pair like those black ones you have over there. I’ll pizza I ordered, there was a special promotion, and I could get a large
buy another pair here even if they cost more money. I just want for only 1 pound more. I couldn’t resist even though I couldn’t possibly
to have some jeans that I’m happy with. eat a large. Why not? I ate leftover pizza the next day, so I saved the cost
F: I understand, but I can’t do anything else except offer you an of lunch. Another bargain!
exchange for the same pair. Speaker 3
M: Could I speak to the manager? Attention shoppers. It’s time for today’s bargain best buy! Starting at
F: I can call her if you want, but I know what she’ll say. It’s not like we 2 o’clock, for one hour, all men’s socks will be 50% off. That’s right! All
haven’t had these sorts of requests before. She always sticks to brands, all prices, all types. There is a limit of 6 pairs per customer, but
the policy. feel free to mix and match brands, because, you heard it, they’re all on
M: Alright. I’ll exchange them, but I’m not happy about it. sale! So, whether you’re a man or shopping for a man, make your way
F: I understand that sir, and I’m very sorry. I’ll go out back and get to aisle four and grab some of our high quality, brand name socks. The
you another pair in your size and make sure that they’re perfect sale begins in 6 minutes!
for you. Speaker 4
M: Thank you. I play the guitar. Well, I’ve only been playing for about a year and I was
recently thinking that I needed to get myself a good one. I was at a jumble
Exercise 4 (p. 130) sale with my boyfriend. He loves these things. I don’t. But I saw a beautiful
F: Good morning. How may I help you? guitar there. It was 300 pounds. That sounds like a lot, I know. I asked the
M: Good morning. Yes, well, I bought these jeans here last Thursday, seller if they would reduce the price and he refused. I walked away and
or maybe it was Friday … anyway, I’d like to return them. searched the Internet on my phone and found out a used one in good
F: Certainly. Do you have your receipt? condition is worth around 500 pounds, so two minutes later, I bought it!
M: Yes, of course. Here it is.
Speaker 5
F: Hmmm. These were bought on sale last Saturday. I’m sorry, but
I can’t believe my parents. They go food shopping and they load up the
we don’t accept returns on sale items.
car. You should see what they buy. Our basement is full of things we
M: Seriously? What if there was something wrong with the product?
don’t need. We have at least 10 packages of paper towels. There must
Do you mean to tell me that you’d want customers to have
be over 100 cans of various kinds of vegetables. Oh, and dried pasta of
products that they can’t use? That doesn’t seem right.
all types. There’s a whole shelf of pasta down there. Why? It’s my father.
F: Well, if there’s a fault, that’s a different matter, sir. Is there
He can’t resist a bargain. If something is on sale, he has to buy it – and
something wrong with the jeans?
lots of it. My mother has given up trying to stop him.
M: Yes, there is. Look right here on the inside of the leg. They weren’t
sewn properly. The stitching is coming out. It’s just a matter of
Exercise 10 (p. 133)
time before a hole opens up here.
F: Oh, I can see that. That’s very unusual for these jeans. I’ve never Narrator: Internet shopping has turned the world of retail on its head,
seen it before. Well, no problem. You can exchange them for a making changes both positive and negative. Listen to four speakers
new pair. expressing their opinions on the new way of shopping.
M: I’d rather have my money back. Speaker 1
F: I’m really sorry, but we can’t refund your money because it was a As the owner of a boutique clothing shop, it’s something that I see
sale item. It’s against store policy. cutting into my profits every day. For every shopper that buys something,
M: But I can’t use these jeans. I just want my money back. I want to there’s another trying things on, taking pictures of themselves in them
look for a new pair like those black ones you have over there. I’ll and reading the label, and then leaving. And I just know they’re off to
buy another pair here even if they cost more money. I just want find the same item online for a cheaper price. I’d love to offer my stock
to have some jeans that I’m happy with. cheaper but what can I do? I have to pay rent on the shop, pay my sales
F: I understand, but I can’t do anything else except offer you an assistant’s wages and pay the water and electricity bills.
exchange for the same pair.
Speaker 2
M: Could I speak to the manager?
I did buy things online for a while, I admit. When you see the prices, you
F: I can call her if you want, but I know what she’ll say. It’s not like we
can hardly help yourself. But there was always a problem for me. One dress
haven’t had these sorts of requests before. She always sticks to
looked nothing like the picture on the website, another didn’t fit. Once or
the policy.
twice, the goods never turned up at all! So I gave up. And do you know
M: Alright. I’ll exchange them, but I’m not happy about it.
something? When I returned to the high street, I found I’d really missed it.
F: I understand that sir, and I’m very sorry. I’ll go out back and get
Trying on clothes, talking to the sales assistant, walking from shop to shop,
you another pair in your size and make sure that they’re perfect
and having a coffee halfway round in my favourite café. When I spoke to a
for you.
friend recently, she told me online shopping was getting better and better,
M: Thank you.
but I don’t care. I’m not going back to clicking on that mouse!
A11
 Audioscripts
Speaker 3 Guest: Yes, that’s right. We had originally booked for one week until
It’s outrageous that our government allows a company across the August 4th but we extended our stay by one day.
other side of the world to sell to my customers without paying a penny Receptionist: OK, Mr Williams. I’ve made a note of all of that. Now, if you
in taxes, with no insurance for the people who deliver it for them, could please tell me the problem?
contributing nothing to this economy. And meanwhile I have to pay all Guest: Well, you see I didn’t sleep at all last night. The people in
of those things. Even if I shut my physical store down – and that’s what Room 216 were having some sort of party. And all their shouting and
I’m going to be forced to do in the end – I still can’t compete with them singing kept me awake for hours! I knocked on their door but they
from a website. Because I pay taxes in a country where you have to pay didn’t hear me, and when I called reception, there was no answer.
taxes and I pay insurance so I’ll have a pension when I get old. Receptionist: I’m terribly sorry. What time was this?
Speaker 4 Guest: Around midnight till about 2 am. When they finally stopped,
As a small business owner, I’m very sensitive to the changing wants and I thought that would be it, and I’d finally get to sleep. However, it was
needs of my customer. You have to be if you want to survive. So when I then that I noticed the second problem.
heard about these big online retail companies, I went on the Net and Receptionist: There was another issue?
checked them out. I saw the writing on the wall – in letters six feet Guest: Sadly, yes. After their noise stopped, I was able to hear the leaky
high! Traditional retailers are finished. I saw out my lease and moved tap next to the shower. It wouldn’t stop. DRIP, DRIP, DRIP. It was very
my shop online. Took a course in marketing over the Internet. It was a noisy and extremely irritating. I tried to turn the tap tighter, but nothing
tough few years, I don’t deny it. But I’m starting to get some real footfall worked.
on my site now, and the profits are up. So I feel like I’m seeing the light Receptionist: I really can’t apologise enough Mr Williams. And thank
at the end of the tunnel. you for raising the issue with us. I’ll send someone to deal with it
shortly. In the meantime, to make up for the problems you’ve had,
Module 8 please let me ask my manager what we can do. Can you just wait one
moment while I ask?
Exercise 3 (p. 140) Guest: Of course. [short pause]
1 I need to get to the airport quickly. My flight leaves in two hours. Receptionist: Thank you for your patience Mr Williams. I’ve spoken to
Do you think we can make it if we take the motorway? my manager here at reception and he’d like to offer you a free upgrade.
2 The 8 pm to Bristol is now boarding on platform 9. Please have The President Suite is free, and you can take it whenever you like.
your tickets ready to show the conductor as you board. Guest: Goodness! That is kind. Thank you so much!
3 Hi there. How are you today? I’ll need your passports, tickets and
you can place your luggage here on the scales. I’ll have your Exercise 6 (p. 148)
boarding passes printed in a minute. Text 1
4 Attention all commuters. We are currently experiencing delays in
the tunnel on line 3. We appreciate your patience. Normal service I just got back from an amazing holiday at a resort by the sea. From the
should begin shortly. moment I arrived at the airport, the resort took great care of me. They
5 The service for Leeds leaves in 10 minutes. We ask all passengers sent a shuttle to pick me up so I didn’t have to pay for a taxi. And when
to board the coach promptly to avoid any delays. I arrived at the resort, I couldn’t believe my eyes. After I checked in, the
6 Today’s sightseeing cruise has been cancelled due to high winds staff showed me to my room and even carried my bags! After that, they
and rough seas. The captain apologises for the inconvenience. All gave me a tour of the property. The moment I saw the sea, I wanted to
tickets will be refunded. run in. I had never seen such clear water. And then they showed me
the restaurants. The smell of the food alone made my mouth water.
Exercise 16 (p. 143) When the tour ended, I didn’t know what I wanted to do first, swim or
eat. Throughout the week that I was there, I did plenty of both. It was
Hi there. I’m sorry to say that I’m calling today to make a complaint. Last hard to go home. Even now, sitting in my office, I can still hear the rush
night, my friend and I stayed at your hotel in Glasgow. The location was of waves from the sea. Imagine, I can’t wait to go back, and I haven’t
fantastic, but our experience was rather disappointing. When we got to even unpacked yet. My suitcases are still full of clothes in my bedroom,
our room, we immediately noticed a strong smell of smoke even as if to say, “let’s go!”
though we’d specifically asked for a non-smoking room. Not only that,
it seemed as if the bathroom hadn’t been cleaned, and there were no Text 2
clean towels. When we complained at the reception desk, the staff
member was rude and told us there was nothing she could do about it. Klara: Hey Jan, how was your crazy trip to Venice?
We really expected better service. I’d like a full refund, please. Jan: Klara, why do you say it was crazy?
Klara: Because you went just for the weekend and you went by bus,
Exercises 2 & 3 (p. 148) didn’t you?
Jan: Oh, yeah! I guess you COULD call that crazy! It was a long journey
Receptionist: Good morning, Starlight Hotel Reception. Anna speaking. after all. I left Prague at 1:00 in the afternoon and the bus arrived
Guest: Well, I wish I could say that it was a good morning. But outside Venice at 6 am. I left right after my morning class on Friday.
unfortunately not. I had my backpack with me and left for the bus station as soon as class
Receptionist: Oh dear, I’m very sorry to hear that, sir. Can I help? ended at 11:30, so I was at the bus station by 12:10.
Guest: I hope so. Although it’s a little late now. I had a terrible evening. Klara: Weren’t you tired arriving so early in the morning?
Receptionist: I see. That is a shame. Can I take your details, please? And Jan: Not really. I slept for about 7 hours on the bus. I couldn’t check into
then you can tell me all about it and we can see what we can do to my hostel until 10:00 am so I spent four hours exploring the city. There
help you. was hardly anyone on the streets. Well, you know they’re not really
Guest: Sure. My name is Joseph Williams. streets. The main streets, if you can call them that, are canals, but you
Receptionist: And what’s your room number, please? can walk everywhere in little alleyways. It was just stunning seeing the
Guest: It’s 211. No… sorry, my mistake. That was our first room but we city at that time.
changed it just after we arrived. I’m in room 215. Klara: Because the sun was coming up?
Receptionist: OK, perfect. Can I just check your booking details? I have Jan: Partly that, but mostly because starting around 9 am, thousands of
here that your stay is from July 28th to August 5th? tourists come out of their hotels. I didn’t like that about Venice. It’s like

A12
 Audioscripts
a huge beautiful open-air museum, but it gets extremely crowded. Americans call it. It’s meant to be a place where you can pull over
Before the crowds came out, it was just locals on the streets, running in the event of a breakdown or even a crash, somewhere you can
errands, walking dogs or preparing to open their shops, which meant I wait for road assistance to arrive – or the police or even an
could enjoy just walking around alone. ambulance, in more serious cases. Without the hard shoulder,
Klara: So what did you do during the afternoon? drivers are forced to stop in what is, essentially, a traffic lane.
Jan: I went to some of the islands around Venice. First, Burano. It’s just M: But surely the proper authorities have predicted this might
over an hour by boat. It was amazing, like a little Venice, except the happen?
buildings were painted really bright colours, beautiful and much more F: Of course, and this is where the ‘smart’ part comes in. At regular
peaceful than Venice. I also went to the island of the dead. That’s not intervals above each lane of the motorway, there are signs telling
the real name. It’s something Italian. Basically the whole island is a the drivers what speed they can travel. In case of an accident or
cemetery and there are some famous people buried there including breakdown, that lane will show a red X, and drivers have to move
the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky and Ezra Pound. over into another lane. This sounds fine in theory, but there is a
Klara: Who is that? distance between these signs. If I have just passed one set and a
Jan: He was a famous poet. American, I think. car stops in my lane before the next set of signs, I have no way of
Klara: So when did you get back to Prague? knowing that. And this has led to some collisions and – on a
Jan: This morning at 8:00 am. I left Venice at 4:00 in the afternoon. I number of very unfortunate occasions – fatalities.
came to this class right from the bus station. Remember, I was here M: You told me before the show that you have had personal
when you came in at 9:00. experience of this, Molly.
Klara: Wow, you are crazy! OK, break is over. F: Yes, though we escaped with our lives. My daughter and I were
travelling along the M25 when the car suddenly went dead. I
Text 3 pulled over to the side and then did the smartest thing I’ve ever
This is the last stop, and in some ways the best. Many of you have heard done in my life: I told my daughter to get straight out of the car
of the Apollo Theatre as it’s one of the more famous landmarks in New and jump over the crash barrier, off the motorway altogether. I
York City and definitely the most famous here in Harlem. The building did the same and no sooner had I got there than we heard a
goes back to 1914, when it was opened as a venue for music and other tremendous shrieking of brakes. We looked around to see a huge
forms of live entertainment. Although it was in a black neighbourhood, lorry bearing down on the car. It couldn’t stop in time and
the club was restricted to white people only. That all changed with a crashed straight into it. We would have been killed if we’d stayed
new owner in 1934, who wanted to draw in people from the in the vehicle.
neighbourhood. For the next three decades, the Apollo featured some M: Shocking! Now, I want to take a break, Molly, but when we come
of the biggest names in American jazz, including Count Basie, Duke back, we’re going to discuss some welcome news – that the
Ellington, Billie Holiday and countless others. Of course, racial government is reconsidering this form of smart motorway... We’ll
segregation ended in America in the 1960s and since that time, the be right back. [radio jingle]
Apollo has been a favourite place to play for some of the biggest
names in popular music, including Stevie Wonder, Guns N’ Roses and Exam Skills Check IV
Prince. OK, we’re going to take a look inside now. Feel free to look Exercise 2 (p. 158)
around as long as you want. But before I leave you, I want to tell you Hello, everyone. My name’s Marie McCloud and I’m head of security
about the unofficial stop on this walking tour. I urge you to stop for here at the Sunny Hill Shopping Centre. You’ve all been selected from a
lunch at Sylvia’s, the best soul food restaurant in New York, and maybe large group of candidates to be security guards here at the centre, so
the world. If you’ve never had soul food, this is the place to try it. This you can feel very proud of that. It’s Sunday, so there are no shoppers
historic place has been serving great food in Harlem since 1962. In fact, today and we have the run of the centre! Today’s training day is going
Sylvia’s has its own long list of celebrity visitors. Among the people who to start with a talk from me, which will last about an hour. I’m going to
have eaten there are US presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, give you a rundown on the shopping centre, first of all: how many
South African president Nelson Mandela, basketball player Michael shops you’ll be guarding, how many shoppers we get, that sort of
Jordan and singer Bruno Mars. You’ll find the atmosphere informal, cosy thing. Then I’ll tell you about the equipment you’ll be provided with,
and very friendly. You just need to walk down this street and turn left at and what you need to provide yourselves. Finally, I’ll take you through
Malcolm X Boulevard. Keep walking and you’ll see it on your right. I’ll be your duties on a standard day and night shift. I thought we’d do that in
inside with you for a few minutes if you have any questions about the the food court, since it will allow you to have a coffee at the same time.
Apollo or Sylvia’s. We’ll start in 15 minutes – at a quarter past nine.
After the talk, my colleague Ray will be taking over. He’s Deputy Head
Exercise 10 (p. 151) of Security here, and he’s going to take you on a tour of the whole
M: Today our guest is Molly Mead, who runs the citizen action group centre – all three levels – so you can get a good feel of the place. As
Against Smart Motorways. Perhaps you could help listeners out, you go round, you’ll meet our actual security guards on patrol, and
first of all, Margaret, by telling them what exactly a smart you’ll have an opportunity to ask them anything you want to know
motorway is. about the job, so make a note of any uncertainties you have. You’ll find
F: Well, let me make it clear that we are not against all smart Ray here, at the entrance, at 10:15.
motorways. A smart motorway is one that uses technology to Finally, police officer Sasha Bridges will be giving you a short talk on the
help traffic flow better, and that’s fine. The problem for us is the law as regards security guards – in other words, what you can and can’t
all-lane running smart motorways. These have got rid of the hard do, when you should call the police and what powers you have if you
shoulder altogether, which gives busy stretches an extra lane for catch someone, for example, shoplifting. She’s going to be in the
vehicles to drive in, theoretically increasing the volume of traffic security centre to give that talk at 12:15 sharp.
that can move on them by 25% or more. So, let’s go down to the food court now and I’ll show you where to get
M: Forgive me for saying so, but isn’t that a good thing? a coffee before I begin the talk.
F: It is until you run into trouble. The hard shoulder of a motorway
has another name, which makes its function a bit clearer: the
breakdown lane, or the emergency stopping lane, as the

A13
 Audioscripts
Module 9 evening. The first one is on Adventure Plus, that new channel that
started last month.
Exercise 3a (p. 160)
Laura: OK, what’s it called?
sounds of these types of music: Paul: It’s called Fire and Shadow and it’s a fantasy film from 2015. It
hip-hop starts at 8 o’clock and it’s an hour and 50 minutes long. The plot sounds
classical interesting – it’s the usual kind of fantasy story. The guide says that an
heavy metal elven kingdom gets attacked one day by a dragon and the leader of
reggae the elves has to stop the monster. But when he does, he discovers
something he never expected!
Exercise 7a & b (p. 161) Laura: Um, OK. I’m not so sure about that. I heard that the reviews
Can I have your attention, everyone? The box office opens at 7 pm. We weren’t so good. Critics said that the special effects weren’t that
need all actors to be ready in their costumes by 7:15 as the curtain goes impressive and let the film down. Hey. What about that? There, on
up at 7:30. As you know, there is an interval half-way through the play, MovieFlix?
and we need everyone back on stage before the audience members Paul: Which film?
return to their seats, so don’t be late! Break a leg out there! Laura: Star Base 7, the sci-fi film. It was made in 2020 so I’m sure the
special effects will be better. It starts at half past nine, but it’s a bit
Exercises 3 & 4 (p. 168) longer at two and a half hours. The story sounds cool though. It says
Speaker 1 that a group of researchers find a mysterious object on an alien world
I’ll never forget the one and only time I was on stage. As a child, I’d that will rewrite human history!
always dreamt of becoming an actor. I had no idea that one needed Paul: Oh, yeah. I think I heard about that film. It had excellent reviews.
training to do it. I thought I’d just get up on stage and act like someone They say that the acting is very good and the story is really exciting and
else. Easy! I had just started high school and I decided to audition for really makes you think. I love films that have a message.
the lead in the school play. I don’t even remember what it was. What I Laura: There’s one more film, on Film 24/7.
do remember is being up on the stage and being so nervous I couldn’t Paul: Yeah, I see that. The Long Night. It’s a remake from 2018 of an older
remember any of the lines. film from the 1970s, I think. It starts at 10 o’clock, though, and it’s two
hours and fifteen minutes long. So it won’t finish until twelve thirty at
Speaker 2 least. That’s not great… I’ve got work tomorrow.
I’ve been on stage probably hundreds of times. I don’t think it’s ever Laura: Yeah, that’s a shame. I love crime films and the plot sounds just
bothered me. After all, I’m just one violinist in an orchestra of almost like my sort of thing. A super detective seeking out an old colleague to
one hundred musicians. I doubt anyone who isn’t a member of my crack a big case! The film got best director and best film at the Oscars
family or a friend has ever noticed me. Maybe the only time was once and all the critics absolutely loved it.
at the beginning of Beethoven’s Ninth when the bow flew out of my Paul: So… how about we watch the sci-fi film, then? It will finish earlier
hand. It was so embarrassing, but the only people who saw it were the and it seems to be very good.
musicians next to me. Laura: Sure thing. I’d like to watch that too. It’s a deal!
Speaker 3
I know many of you are nervous about getting on the stage in front of a Exercise 10 (p. 172)
live audience for the first time. First of all, it’s normal to feel that way. A Narrator: The government announced that the license fee, the main
lot of famous singers, including Adele, Mariah Carey and Lady Gaga, source of funding for the BBC, will end in 2027. Listen to four speakers
had stage fright when they first started out. Try to concentrate on expressing their opinions on the decision.
singing the songs and what the other members of the choir are doing
Speaker 1
instead of focusing on the audience. Just imagine we’re still in rehearsal.
As an actor, I have worked in BBC productions in the past, and have
Relax and breathe deeply before we start.
always been impressed by both their quality and their success. If we let
Speaker 4 the market tell us what to produce, the BBC will be producing reality
My parents made me take ballet lessons when I was young. I really shows and quiz shows like all the other channels. I know that the way
didn’t want to but I actually grew to enjoy it. I remember we did a people watch TV is changing, and many young people don’t even own
performance of Swan Lake at the community centre. My parents were a TV anymore, so something does have to change. I believe that the
there and all my friends, well most of them. I didn’t even think about it. amount they get from license fees now should come direct from the
I just went out and danced like I did in rehearsal. I don’t know why it government, but the BBC would have to be guaranteed independence
didn’t affect me because now when I have to do a presentation at from government pressure so that they can carry on giving objective
work, I can hardly speak. news.
Speaker 5 Speaker 2
I was always very confident and outgoing as a child. I was the kind of I understand that the BBC is a public broadcaster second to none, and
kid that everyone noticed. A real ‘life of the party’ that was always the that it has a worldwide reputation. But as an MP and a politician, I have
centre of attention. I was even in some productions as a child that I just to listen to what the voters are saying. And what they’re saying is, “I
breezed through. That’s why what happened to me in my school play don’t want to pay for a service I don’t use just because I own a TV.”
at the age of 16 was so unexpected. I was sure that it wouldn’t be any That’s like telling someone they have to pay for the upkeep of a dog-
problem for me and I memorised my part perfectly. But when I stood in racing track because they’ve got a dog as a pet! The BBC must
front of that audience, I just froze! The minute I opened my mouth, the modernise, just as I have, and learn to use the Internet and streaming
words just wouldn’t come out, even though I knew them all completely. and subscription-based TV platforms, just like I did. If Netflix can do it,
I couldn’t even move! It just goes to show that performing isn’t for why can’t the BBC?
everyone.
Speaker 3
It’s unforgivable that this government has decided that the BBC should
Exercises 5 & 6 (p. 168)
no longer exist! The broadcaster is the envy of the world, and many in
Laura: What’s on TV tonight, Paul? Have you looked at the TV guide yet? the world tune into BBC’s World News to find out what’s going on. They
Paul: I’m just reading it now, actually. There are some nice films on this trust it more than their own public broadcaster! And let me tell you
A14
 Audioscripts
something else – everyone, from both sides of the political spectrum, competitive. We’re not that fast, but we like to ride long distances,
thinks that the BBC has it in for them, is against them in some way. And usually out of the city.
if all parties are saying that, I think that proves what a good job the BBC M: Great, so are we talking about 50 km or something longer?
is doing. F: That would be a short ride. We usually do 80 to 100. It takes up
Speaker 4 most of the day including the lunch stop.
As a viewer, I can’t say I watch the BBC all that much anymore. There’s so M: And the surface? Paved, gravel, trails?
much to watch on the cable service I have that I don’t really need to. But F: Mostly paved. We try to avoid gravel roads if we can.
something I’ve noticed that’s very important is that when something big M: OK, I think I have just the bike for you. And you’re in luck because
happens – a war breaking out or a natural disaster or an election – it’s on sale. Let me show it to you.
I always switch to the BBC. I trust them, you see. And that for me is the
key part that we need to preserve. I mean, they can continue producing Text 4
shows and so on, but they should do that on a commercial basis, just like Sarah: Today, we’re talking with someone who needs no introduction.
any other production company. But the news should be funded. Welcome to our show, Brian. For those of you who don’t know, Brian
Paramar is an athlete who has played three sports professionally here in
Module 10 England.
Exercise 9 (p. 179) Brian: Thanks, Sarah. It’s nice to be here.
Thanks, Sarah. It’s nice to be here.
Speaker 1 Sarah: So, let’s start with something basic. What led to you making the
Did you write your name on the list outside Coach Jeffer’s office? You switch from ice hockey to football?
need to do it before Friday if you want to play volleyball this season. It’ll Brian: Well, football was actually my first love. I played a lot of tennis in
be fun. primary school but then in secondary school I joined the football team
Speaker 2 and enjoyed it immensely. I even dreamt of playing for Arsenal one day.
I was running as fast as I could, but Joe was just faster than me. I wanted I was a striker, but the problem was that I wasn’t very fast. I mean I was
to get ahead of him, but I couldn’t. quick, quick to react, but I didn’t have the natural sprinting ability to be
Speaker 3 a really good striker. My coaches told me that I would never make it as a
I usually do some stretches and jog for five minutes before I play a professional.
match, but I didn’t have any time yesterday, and then I pulled a muscle. Sarah: Well, you proved them wrong, didn’t you?
Brian: In a way, yes, but they were right. I just wasn’t fast enough. But
Speaker 4 I still felt I had the athletic ability to be a professional athlete. Then, as a
If you want to get stronger, you need to go jogging every day and start teenager, I discovered ice hockey. I didn’t even know there was a team
lifting weights at the gym. in my town, but the first game I saw I got hooked.
Speaker 5 Sarah: Did you switch because you thought you’d have less competition?
As a result of my knee injury, I was unable to play in the final game of Brian: Exactly. As we all know, ice hockey isn’t nearly as popular in the
the tournament. UK as football. Not too many English lads grow up wanting to be ice
hockey players. But I still had the same problem. I could do everything
Speaker 6
well but I was just not fast enough across the ice. I kept getting caught
You’re an excellent tennis player. You should give selection for the
out of position. But I had a very smart coach. He saw the skills that I had
national team a shot.
and suggested I make the switch to goalkeeper.
Sarah: And you had a great career with the Sheffield Steelers, for as
Exercise 3 (p. 186)
long as it lasted, which brings me back to my question about why you
Text 1 switched back to football.
What do I see here? You all look like we’ve already lost. Sure, we’re down Brian: Oh yes, sorry. Let’s go back to where I said football was my first
two goals. Don’t you remember last season when we were down to love. I wanted to fulfil my dream. You see, once I had developed all the
Seaside FC and we ended up winning on penalties? It’s football. skills to be a goalie in ice hockey, it wasn’t that difficult to transfer them
Anything can happen, but I’ll tell you this, if you play like you look now, to football. I had the quickness, the reflexes and the ability to follow the
nothing will happen. Play every moment and every match like it’s your play. It also helped that I’m 6 foot 2!
last. Do you want to finish this match and feel like losers or do you want Sarah: It’s still remarkable what you’ve done. OK, one last question.
to feel like you did your best, even if we do lose? Now let’s go out there Why tennis?
and play the second half like it’s your last! Brian: After I retired from football, I still wanted to do something active.
I had the skills, the quickness, the arm strength and all that. But, as you
Text 2 know, I’m not that good. I think the reason people want to see me play
All eyes are on Carter as he steps up to the plate. The game is tied with is because they know me from football! But if it raises money for charity,
two out and there is a man on third base. It’s all up to Carter now. Even I’m happy to entertain the fans even if I lose a lot of games.
if he hits a single, it should be enough to send Garcia home with the
winning run and give the Blues their first championship ever. Here’s the Exercises 5 & 6 (p. 186)
first pitch. It’s low and outside but Carter swings and misses! Strike 1. Speaker 1
Carter pulls the bat back. Here comes the second. Carter swings and I hurt myself playing golf. I know what you’re thinking. Who injures
misses. What’s he doing? Is he going to swing at everything? Gibson themselves playing golf? And it wouldn’t be nearly as embarrassing if I
stares at him and then here comes the fastball. Carter swings. It’s up. It’s had pulled a muscle during my swing. At least that would be a golf-
going, going, going. It’s gone!! Out of the park! The crowd goes wild. related injury. I was on the course with two friends and we had just
They have done it. History in the making. teed off on the 3rd hole. I don’t know how I did it but as we were
walking to the green, my foot went the wrong way. I twisted my ankle. I
Text 3 had trouble walking for over a week.
M: What kind of riding do you do? Speaker 2
F: I’m in a club. I ride with them most of the time. It’s not OK, before you get out there and start racing around the pitch, you all

A15
 Audioscripts
have to do some stretching exercises. Maria, don’t roll your eyes at me. M: I wouldn’t put it past her. I can’t be sure, but I’ve got the suspicion
You think because you’re young, you can do anything. But I’m warning that she’s done it in the past. Now, let’s practise some starts.
you, injuries can happen to anyone. If you don’t warm up, you can pull
a muscle or worse. As you get older, the risk of injury becomes greater. Text 3
So, let’s get into the habit of stretching now. OK, do what I do. When Tom Brady suffered a career-threatening knee injury in the 2008
Speaker 3 season, many said he’d never play again. Why? Because many athletes
It was strange. I was riding up a big hill that I’d ridden up a hundred never recover from an injury like that. Yet the next season he was back,
times before. Maybe it was the gear I was in or something. I don’t know. stronger than ever, and at the end of the season he was named the NFL
I just know that about halfway up the hill I felt this sudden terrible pain Comeback Player of the Year. What makes Brady different from the
in my right leg. I got off the bike immediately and tried to walk up the others I mentioned? He’s not Superman, before you ask – he’s human
hill. I ended up calling a taxi. The doctor told me I had torn a muscle, like you or me. But I think what he said illustrates something about
however it happened. My leg healed 100%, but the worst thing is what gave him the recovery he had. At the end of it all, the operation,
I couldn’t ride for almost six weeks. the physio, the pain, what did he have to say? ‘It’s been a good process
of learning, and I feel like I’m there now.’
Speaker 4
Sure, he had the best medical care, the best surgeon, the best physio.
I have an American friend, and he taught us how to play football, I
But he also had the best attitude. He approached it as an athlete
mean American football. Once I learned the rules, I really started to
approaches training, or an ‘A’ student approaches revising for an exam.
enjoy it. A group of us meet in the park every Sunday, although I won’t
Healing is a learning process, just like those other two. You have to
be there this week or for some time after that! Last week, I ran down
learn to live, work and compete with your new body, because one
the field and Steve threw a long bomb to me. I went to catch the ball
thing’s for sure – your body will never be the same again.
but mistimed my jump and landed on my shoulder. Turns out that it’s
As a sports psychologist, it’s my job to get athletes into that mindset.
broken. Luckily, it’s my left arm.
Bad things happen to people, and not just in sport – in life too. There
Speaker 5 will be pain, there will be heartache, but the question is – how will you
Participating in a sport is an excellent way to stay fit and healthy. deal with it, and will you come out the other end a better, stronger
However, one must be careful to do whatever one can to prevent person? Obviously, a pessimistic person just isn’t going to recover fully,
injury. Before you start with any sport, make sure you have the right but do you know the strange thing? I get very upset with optimistic
equipment, especially if there is footwear designed for the sport. people too. The ones that say, ‘It’s going to be fine!’ Well, actually, it
Always warm up before you begin. Most importantly, learn what you might not be, and it won’t be if you carry on waiting for your luck or
can and can’t do and don’t push yourself. If there’s something you can’t fortune or karma or whatever to lift you out of the hole. It’s the athlete
do yet, work on it gradually over time. who says, ‘I know it’s going to be hard, but let’s get going!’ who really
motivates me to go to work every morning.
Exercise 16 (p. 191) So to all you athletes in the audience – and to all you non-athletes, too,
Text 1 since this applies just the same to life as it does to American football or
M1: What a fantastic match! I must say, I hadn’t expected it to be so hockey or track and field or whatever. How do you approach a challenge?
close. Think about that before you look at how to overcome setbacks or an
M2: Well, City have been working on their defence recently, and that injury. If the way you go up to obstacles is wrong, you will never make
showed. My old side Rovers just couldn’t get a look-in early on! the jumps, to paraphrase an old horse trainer I used to know.
M1: I bet they wished they’d had you in the side, especially with that Thank you. [applause]
chance in the second half! Exam Skills Check V
M2: Yes, headers like that were my speciality in my playing days! Still, the
Rovers striker got a good enough touch on it – but keeper Jimmy Exercise 2 (p. 197)
Daniels had a great game today, and kept that one out as well. Speaker 1
M1: I thought a draw was a fair result – how do you think things will Remember that it’s not enough to work out every couple of days – you
go in the replay? And let me just mention to viewers that we’ll be have to enjoy it. Otherwise, after a while, you’ll hit a wall and just give
screening that as well. up. The latest studies show, for example, that 60% of people who join a
M2: As I said, Rovers are my old team, so I live in hope that they’ll gym stop going before the year they’ve paid for is up. So make sure it’s
manage to squeeze out a win. But they’ll be playing at City’s an activity that you look forward to and you’ll make it a permanent part
home ground and, as long as Phillips is back from injury, I can’t of your life!
see the Premier League side letting another opportunity go. Speaker 2
M1: You never know in football, though. In the 70s, a new material hit fashion – elastane. This highly stretchy
nylon was perfect for sports leggings, tops and tracksuits – it stayed
Text 2 tight, it was comfortable and it breathed, meaning sweat didn’t just sit
M: We just need to work on your start, Justine, and I think you’re in on the skin during a workout. It also held bright colours well, adding
for a good chance of bagging a medal in the meet on Saturday. another attractive feature for fashion conscious keep-fit enthusiasts. It
F: I hope so. I’ve worked so hard. The times are improving too, right? was one of the main reasons for the sport look of the eighties, and to
M: Undoubtedly. It’s all here on paper. In training, you’ve broken be honest, it’s never really left modern clothing.
your own personal record four times running. Speaker 3
F: I heard a rumour that Sheila Hargreaves won’t be competing Ten years ago I left university and came here to London to work. It was
because of that calf injury she picked up in March... a good job, but I was lonely – I didn’t know anyone, and London can be
M: Let’s race against the clock, and not the person. That’s my a lonely city. Then one day I was walking past a gym – one of those
philosophy. Besides, you can’t rely on what news you read on ones with a glass front. I looked inside and saw so many other people
social media. Everyone thinks they’re an expert online, and writes my age, working out and talking – that I just had to go in. I joined that
with great confidence about things they know nothing about. day, and it’s there I made many of the friends I still see to this day!
F: That’s true. And her trainer might even be spreading the rumour
to give us a false sense of security. Speaker 4
My friend brought me to see Bend It Like Beckham when I was 14. I didn’t
A16
 Audioscripts
even know what it was going to be about – some kind of a football Alex: Hi, Doctor Adams, this is Alex Monroe.
documentary, or something. But it’s the story of a girl who wants to Doctor: Oh, hi, Alex. How are you doing?
play football, despite her family’s disapproval. My family didn’t care one Alex: I’m not feeling so well, actually.
way or another, but the film filled me with a desire to play, and I joined Doctor: I’m sorry to hear that, Alex. What seems to be the problem?
a team. And by the age of 20, I was playing professionally – all thanks to Alex: Well, first of all my throat is really sore.
a film, and thanks to the friend who took me to it! Doctor: OK, how long has it been like that?
Speaker 5 Alex: It’s only been about 2 days.
I know it’s a film now, but I read the book Moneyball years before. It’s in Doctor: Hmm, if it’s just been a couple of days, you could just be in the
my opinion the best book by my favourite author, Michael Lewis. Not early stages of a cold or the flu. Do you have any other flu-like
only that, but it’s the film that inspired my choice of course for symptoms? Runny nose?
university. It’s about using statistics to pick the best team in baseball, Alex: Only when I go outside in the cold, but that always happens.
even if you don’t have so much money, and the character of Peter Doctor: Yes, that’s normal. So, no runny nose. Any other problems?
Brand was based on Paul DePodesta, who graduated from Harvard Headache?
with an economics diploma. I was good at maths but loved sport, and Alex: No, no headache, but I have an earache.
suddenly I saw how the two could be combined, which I’d never Doctor: Oh, that’s interesting. Is it in both ears or only one?
considered! Alex: My right is fine, it feels normal. The pain is in the left.
Doctor: And how long has it been hurting? Two days also?
Module 11 Alex: No, it’s been about twice as long, maybe four days, I think. It’s
hard to say because it was hardly noticeable at first, but it got worse.
Exercise 1 (p. 198) Doctor: My guess is that it’s an infection that started in your ear and
The way we are living is making us sick. Our sedentary lifestyles have spread to your throat, but I think I’d better have a look at it. Let’s see,
most of us sitting in front of a screen all day, and our unhealthy eating tomorrow’s the 14th. Could you come by in the morning?
habits are causing us to gain weight faster than ever before. Health Alex: Oh, I have my online class tomorrow at nine. Could I come in
problems caused by obesity such as heart disease and diabetes are in the afternoon, like after 12?
increasing. The good news is we can reverse these trends by adopting Doctor: I could see you at one, if that works for you.
an active lifestyle and choosing a healthy diet which includes the Alex: OK, I’ll see you then. Anything I should do before then?
proper nutrition our bodies need. To learn more about healthy lifestyles Doctor: Try to rest and drink plenty of fluids. Hot tea with lemon would
visit www.health.org. be good.
Alex: I don’t have any tea. Just coffee. Is it OK if I go out and buy some?
Exercise 13 (p. 200) Doctor: Sure, but try not to stay out too long and make sure you dress
Suzette warmly. It’s minus 2 out there today.
Hello everyone. Thank you for joining us. As you know, we like to start Alex: OK, thank you doctor. I’ll see you tomorrow.
off each meeting by introducing ourselves and saying why we are here. Doctor: Yes, see you then. Get some rest, Alex. I know you tend to work
I’ll start first. My name is Suzette, and I can’t stop buying new clothes, too much.
shoes and purses. It makes me feel good at the moment, but I spend
far too much money, and my closets are already jam-packed with Exercise 5 (p. 206)
things to wear. It’s a problem I’m working on. Text 1
Viktor I’ve always considered myself to be an optimistic person. My classmates
Hi everybody. My name is Viktor and I spend eight hours a day alone in even call me “Smiley,” because they always see me in a good mood. For
front of my computer. I mean, I talk to other people who are playing the most part, that’s true, I AM in a good mood. However, lately when I’ve
online, but I think I need to spend more time in the real world and less been on my own back in my hall of residence studying or just watching
time trying to beat someone’s high score. TV, I’ve been feeling a bit down. It’s not that something bad had
Ksenia happened to cause it, so I was confused. I met with a school counsellor
Hey. I’m Ksenia. I’ve tried to quit smoking several times, but I can never and we talked for a while and they recommended I see a psychologist. I
stick with it. I always end up starting again when I feel stressed. I need took their advice and I’m so glad I did. The psychologist helps me talk
help to stop, and that’s why I’m here. through what is going on and figure out why I’m not feeling my best.

Martin Text 2
My name is Martin. I recently went on holiday, and my hotel didn’t have
The worst substances to be addicted to: alcohol, drugs, tobacco. That’s
Wi-Fi access. I couldn’t check my social media and email accounts, and I
what most of us would say, and there is no doubt that these substances
started to feel really anxious and nervous. It was then that I knew I had
are a triple threat to the health of many individuals and society as a whole.
a problem.
But what if I were to tell you about another substance at least as dangerous
Lara to our health as those three and one that probably all of us consume every
Hello. I’m Lara. I’m ashamed to say this, but I drink 10-15 coffees every day? In fact, you may be eating or drinking this highly addictive substance
day. I have a cup as soon as I get up in the morning, and then I drink right now as you’re watching this programme. That’s right, it’s sugar. And
more throughout the day to keep my energy levels high. I’m sure it’s you think: ‘No, I avoid sweets, cakes, sweet fizzy drinks, I’m OK.’ You may not
not healthy for me, but I can’t seem to cut down on my own. be. Sugar is found in most processed foods. Read the labels. No sugar
Alex there? Well, if you see dextrose, sucrose, lactose – anything ending in -ose
Hi there. My name is Alex. I waste a lot of money betting on stupid \´U es i…\ – you’ve got sugar. Oh, there’s no problem. You’re slim. Not a bit
things. I bet on sports, playing cards with my friends; I’ve even bet on of fat on you. But it’s not just obesity and diabetes that are linked to sugar
the weather. Sometimes I win some money, but most of the time I addiction. High intake of sugar has been linked to other common diseases
don’t. I’m tired of throwing my money away. like heart disease and some types of cancer.
So what is it that makes sugar so addictive? Two things really. First of all,
Exercises 2 & 3 (p. 206) when we eat sugar, a chemical known as dopamine is released in the
brain. What does dopamine do? It gives us feelings of pleasure,
Doctor: Good afternoon, this is Doctor Adams.

A17
 Audioscripts
satisfaction and motivation. Simply, it just makes us feel good. That another within the troop, especially among male baboons. They all want
chocolate biscuit is pretty hard to resist when you know how it will to be high up in the group, if not the number one male, and they spend
make you feel. Sure you can also release dopamine through exercise. their days fighting one another or plotting to overthrow the one above
Not as easy as eating that biscuit, is it? But it’s a whole lot healthier. them. And what we find is that they often die of what in human medicine
The other thing that causes us to crave sugar is when our blood sugar we would called stress-related diseases. You’ve got depression, you’ve
level gets too low. This commonly happens when we go more than got heart disease, you’ve got cuts that heal more slowly...
three or four hours without eating anything. But when that happens, Now, the baboons with the second-highest amount of stress in their lives
don’t grab that chocolate biscuit, try a piece of fruit instead. Fruit are the low-ranking males, because they get picked on a lot, and have
contains a sugar known as fructose, which isn’t at all harmful unless few rewards in their life. But interestingly, the baboons with the highest
consumed in very large amounts. stress levels – and by a long way, I may add, – are the leaders, the top
dogs, the alpha males. They have extraordinary levels of stress hormones
Text 3 in their bodies, and get furious if they see a rival so much as having a little
Filip: Hey Dawid, how’s it going? sleep on the other side of a clearing! And they are the ones who are the
Dawid: Oh, alright, I guess. How about you? unhealthiest, who look older sooner, who die younger.
Filip: I’m good, but you don’t sound so good. What’s up? And which group has the lowest stress levels? Those mid-ranking
Dawid: Oh, I’m OK now, but I was up most of the night. I couldn’t sleep. baboons, who have a calmer and better relationship with other baboons,
I finally fell asleep around five in the morning. Then, I had to get up at male or female. They spend more time hanging out together, more time
seven to come to school. picking insects out of each other’s fur, and they are healthier by far. And I
Filip: I told you to slow down, Dawid. Your life is crazy. You go to school, think if we look at human society, we see something similar. Poverty
have a part-time job and you’re out doing stuff with friends almost causes suffering and illness, of course, but if we look at countries where
every night. It’s too hard on your body. most people are somewhat comfortable, we see that the ones with the
Dawid: Not every night – maybe three nights a week, four at the most. greatest longevity are the ones with close family bonds, a sense of
I’ve never had this problem before, but last night I got these unusual community, social bonds. The ones with high levels of stress and stress-
pains in my stomach. That’s why I couldn’t sleep. related illnesses are countries where an individualistic philosophy
Filip: Oh, but you’re OK now. dominates, where the individual is all-important, and family, friends,
Dawid: Yeah, fine. Just a bit stressed about this exam later. I wish I had community and society are put in second place.
slept more.
Filip: Well, I’m no doctor, but I think it must be something you ate. Module 12
Maybe you got food poisoning or something. Exercise 17a (p. 219)
Dawid: I did go to the pizza place, you know, where we always go. Host: Today on Have Your Say we’re talking to people on the High Street
Joanna and I shared a double cheese pizza and then had ice cream for about how they use their electronic devices.
dessert.
Filip: Double cheese and ice cream. Sounds to me like you might be Speaker 1
lactose intolerant. Hi there. My name is Daria. I’m on my computer all day at work
Dawid: I thought you were no doctor. communicating with clients and customers via emails. When I get
Filip: Ha ha! I’m not, but I know a bit about it because my father is home in the evening, the last thing I want to do is get in front of a
lactose intolerant. computer screen for fun.
Dawid: OK, Dr Filip, what exactly is this disease? Speaker 2
Filip: Well, it’s not really a disease, more like a condition. It just means My name is Kasper and I just bought a new desktop computer and
your body can’t really tolerate this kind of sugar called lactose, which is chair especially for gaming. I spend about four hours every night
in milk, cheese, ice cream and everything else made from milk. I’m sure playing different e-sports. My mum thinks I’m addicted, but she just
you can read about it online. doesn’t get it.
Dawid: Oh. What should I do? Should I go to a doctor? Speaker 3
Filip: You could go and get it confirmed. You could also just cut down I’m Lena and I’m an international student here. I’m on my phone all the
on pizza and other things with lactose. My father avoids them when time because I need to stay in touch with my friends and family in
possible, but he also has pills that he takes to help him digest lactose. Chile. I do a lot of video calls, and usually have a couple text groups on
You can get them at the chemist’s without a prescription. the go. I feel a lot less homesick when I can talk to everyone back home
Dawid: Well, thanks for that, Dr Filip. How much do I owe you? regularly.
Filip: No problem, Dawid. The first visit is free.
Speaker 4
Exercise 10 (p. 209) Hello. My name is Maja and I’m studying design at university. I have
specialised software installed on my computer for drawing, creating
I’m often asked at dinner parties or even on television or radio why I’m
3-D images and working with photographs. I still enjoy picking up a
studying baboons. After all, as an anthropologist, shouldn’t I be
pencil or paintbrush, but my computer offers me a different kind of
studying people, and, if anything, looking for the fossilised bones of
creativity.
early humans? And this is obviously an important part of anthropology,
but what we discovered years ago was that gorillas, chimpanzees and Speaker 5
so on are not so far removed from what we used to be. It was only 4-8 I’m Filip and I lead a very active lifestyle. I don’t have time to go round
million years ago that chimpanzees and early humans split from one to all the shops, and frankly, I can’t be bothered. I buy all my groceries,
another in the tree of evolution, after all, and that’s not so long in clothing and anything else I need off the Internet. It’s so much more
evolutionary terms. So by looking at the gorilla or the chimpanzee or, in convenient, and the prices are great.
my case, baboons, we get great insight into human behaviour. Speaker 6
What’s most amazing to me is the influence of stress on a baboon’s life. My name is Aleks and I’m in my last year at secondary school. I used to
You see, a baboon spends about three hours a day looking for food, and spend a lot of time online playing games and chatting with friends. But
the rest of that time is spent interacting with their troop – or group – of these days, my laptop is my best friend because I have so many school
baboons, which can number in the hundreds. They live long lives, like us, assignments due. I can’t imagine having to go to the library to find
and the only cause of stress seems to be their interactions with one information like my parents did.
A18
 Audioscripts
Exercises 2 & 3 (p. 224) Exercise 9 (p. 227)
Speaker 1 Patents are a kind of intellectual property. They allow the holder to stop
When I was a child, I was fascinated with astrology. Every day, first thing anyone else from making, marketing and selling their invention
I did when I woke up was check my horoscope – even before I got out without their agreement or permission. They are filed on a national
of bed. So, when it came time for me to choose what to study, I had no basis, though the EU did set up a centralised service called the
doubts at all that it would be astronomy. I still have such a fascination European Patent Office in 1977. Applications here, however, will simply
with the stars and planets, although it’s been really hard for me because be copied, translated and sent to the patent offices of the member
I’m not at all good at mathematics, and you need to be to study states.
astronomy. Though there is evidence of some kind of patent recognition in ancient
Speaker 2 Greece, Venice was the first place to have a patent statute, passed in
Do you struggle with maths? Many people do to some degree. But of 1474. The Statute of Monopolies was passed in England in 1624 and
all the sciences, mathematics is the one that is most important in our established that a patent could only be granted on a new invention.
daily lives. Don’t think so? That’s because you haven’t seen the potential, The legal decision in 1799 in favour of James Watt (that’s W-A-T-T) and
whether it’s figuring out how much carpeting you need or cutting your his steam engine patent made a further distinction – a patent could be
favourite recipe in thirds: mathematics can do that for you. It will granted on an old invention as long as it improved it – essentially
exercise parts of your brain you’ve never used before. So what are you creating something new in the process.
waiting for? For a limited time, our short online course is 30 percent off. Before applying for a patent, it is important to be sure that the idea is
patentable. A major part of this definition is that the thing you want to
Speaker 3 patent should be mainly man-made, since you cannot patent natural
This year’s Award for Outstanding Achievement in Chemistry has been materials, minerals and biological processes. Additionally, the thing
awarded to Akiko Tanaka for her work with the development of smaller must be novel – or new, in other words – as well as useful and not
and more efficient batteries to be used in portable electronic devices. obvious. The application consists of a description of the item, with
Her work has opened the door for a whole new generation of drawings if necessary, sufficient in detail for an expert in the area to be
smartphones, where longer battery life and more power will allow new able to make the item. Patent applications cost money, which is not
applications. refundable in cases of rejection.
Speaker 4
I don’t understand people. I mean I can understand individuals – that’s Exam Skills Check VI
psychology. It’s logical that it would be easier to understand a single Exercise 2 (p. 235)
individual than it would a group, and what makes those people do
Text 1
what they do. That’s why I became a sociologist. I mean, I love people,
and that’s why it’s so strange that I spend almost all of my working day I saw this show on TV where they were measuring how long teens
in front of a computer. Oh, don’t get me wrong. It’s an interesting job, spent on social media and stuff like that, and the results were shocking!
but you know what? I still don’t understand people. There was one guy who – if you include texting – was staring at a
screen for 15 hours a day! So I decided to analyse mine, and guess what
Exercises 5 & 6 (p. 224) I found out? I wasn’t so bad in terms of time – about five hours a day –
but I spent most of that time in chatrooms or watching silly videos. I’m
Today we are going to be talking about George Washington Carver
sure there’s a more worthwhile way of spending my time online, and
who became famous in North America as an agricultural scientist.
that’s what I’m going to find.
Interestingly, one of the reasons he became well-known was for being
the inventor of peanut butter, but this is totally wrong and we’ll talk
Text 2
about where that idea might have come from later.
Carver was born in 1864 in the southern USA when slavery still existed. Thank you for this award. It’s the result of hard work and not just from
It ended in 1865 with the end of the US Civil War, a war which had a me, but my team, who know how much I appreciate them. My parents
terrible impact on the South and their agricultural economy. Growing too, and my brother. But special thanks are due to Mitchell Moore,
up poor and being surrounded by poor farmers surely had an influence someone I’ve known since medical school. Mitchell was a rather
on the young George. remote person at first, but once we became friends he warmed up, and
While he was in high school, Carver’s art teacher noticed how much he we are still very close. His illness meant he could never fulfil his dream
liked to paint flowers and other plants, and suggested that he study of becoming a doctor; it also gave me the reason to pursue my
botany at university. He was a brilliant student and was accepted to specialisation and make this breakthrough for which I have won this
Iowa State University as their first black student in 1891. He was no less award, one that will help Mitchell and all sufferers.
successful there, and he graduated with a Master’s degree in science in We live in the age of information, and my app will give sufferers a
1896. chance to share advice, personal stories and research across the globe.
As an agricultural scientist, Carver wanted to help poor farmers. The It’s a disease that is rare enough that this might be the first time you’ve
southern US farms had grown mostly cotton for many years, and every met another person with the illness, and at the end of the speech, I’ll
year the soil got worse. Carver developed techniques for improving the give you all a chance to tell your stories. But no social media app works
soil, especially by alternating cotton with other crops such as peanuts. without users, so please, when you get home, download it and sign up,
Doing this helped the farms really increase the quality and quantity of tell your friends and let’s make this the top medical information sharing
their crops, meaning they made more money. app in Europe!
In order to encourage the farmers to replace cotton with peanuts,
Carver created 44 newsletters for farmers which contained 105 recipes Text 3
with peanuts. However, none of them were peanut butter, which can M: Joining me today is Professor Helen Wigan, an expert in
be traced back to a Dutch colony in South America in the 1700s. international symbolic communication. Professor, today we are
Carver died in 1943 at the age of 79. He had only around $60,000 to his looking at measurements, and especially at the huge divide
name because, during his lifetime, he cared more about helping others between America and Europe in terms of how to measure things.
than making money. He remains one of the most important black Would that be accurate, professor?
scientists of the 20th century. F: Not quite, no. The two systems you’re referring to are the imperial
and the metric, and while it’s true to say that the second is pretty
A19
 Audioscripts
much Europe-wide, there is one notable holdout. The UK Text 2
generally uses the imperial system of feet and inches, pounds Let’s stop here. Look closely at that tree right there. See anything
and ounces, and so on, though its governments have been trying unusual? Yes, that is a sloth hanging there. You may not have ever seen
for years to get them to switch over. To some extent, it’s worked, one before because they are native only to South and Central America.
so that, for the simpler measurements at least, British people can The word ‘sloth’, as you may know, means laziness. These animals are
be said to be bilingual. The USA, on the other hand, is very stuck gentle and peaceful, but they do move very slowly. One of the reasons
with imperial measurements, while Canada and Central and for that is their diet consists of leaves, which provide little nutrition and
South America all use metric. It’s as if someone has died, but no energy. So you will rarely see a sloth doing anything other than
one has told the USA about it. Also in that rather small club with hanging in a tree. Not only does that save energy, it also keeps them
the USA, for complicated reasons, are Liberia and Myanmar. safe from predators and close to their food source. In fact, sloths spend
M: Isn’t this a problem in everyday life? most of their lives hanging from branches!
F: Well, not if you stay within your system, but the minute you stray
outside, the culture shock can be overwhelming. If you’re Text 3
American and ask a Frenchman how far away something is, you
Host: Good morning. Today, we’re talking to Diane Khan, a historian
won’t find “The swimming pool is 14 kilometres away” very
who has written a book about Easter Island. So, Diane, why the interest
helpful in deciding whether to drop by for a swim! But it’s hard to
in this place?
make the switch. The UK government, as we said, have been
Diane: Like most people who know about this small island in the
trying for years, but people still say “I’m 6 feet 2” and many have
southwestern Pacific Ocean, I was curious about those statues, you
no idea that saying “I’m 1.88 metres” amounts to the same thing.
know, the huge stone heads.
M: So is this just a simple matter of easily cleared up
Host: Yes, they’re scary looking.
misunderstandings? Like if we ask for a hot curry in India, and get
Diane: People say that. And I wondered how the island’s inhabitants
one that makes our mouth feels like it’s on fire?
could have constructed them when they did.
F: Sometimes, but the consequences can be more serious. When
Host: When was that?
the NASA Mars Climate Orbiter spaceship approached Mars, it
Diane: Hundreds of years ago, from around 1250 until around 1500.
fired its rockets to move into orbit. But the thrust was much too
But those statues are not why I decided to write the book.
weak, and instead it dived into the Mars atmosphere and was
Host: Yes, you focus on the ecological issues there, don’t you?
never heard from again. Investigations revealed that an engineer
Diane: Exactly. I was surprised to learn that hundreds of years ago
designing the rocket had been using imperial measurements,
people still created serious environmental problems. You probably
while everyone else had been using metric. So they built a
noticed in the pictures of the statues that there are no trees anywhere
thruster rocket that was not powerful enough to put the
to be seen.
spaceship in the right position – leading to the loss of a
Host: I did. It makes the statues more dramatic.
$125 million satellite and an invaluable source of knowledge.
Diane: Yes, but the island once had lots of trees. And the loss of trees
M: Yikes! A bad day at the office!
made it harder to survive on the island. When Europeans first arrived
there in 1722, they found only about two or three thousand inhabitants.
Module 13 Yet, around 100 years earlier, there had been around 15,000. The drop
Exercise 13 (p. 238) in numbers was caused by the lack of trees and changes to the physical
1 The great white shark is like any other shark, just much larger in landscape.
size. It’s dorsal, or back fin, and tail fins can measure up to one Host: Wow! What happened to cause such an ecological disaster?
metre in length. All sharks have gills by their head that they use to Diane: Well, we don’t know for sure. Certainly some trees were cut
breathe underwater, like other fish. down to build homes and boats. Also, the ecology of the island
2 The common puffin has a large colourful beak suitable for changed with the arrival of rats because they ate a lot of plant seeds.
catching fish, and its feathers contain a special oil making them This meant fewer new plants grew. We also think that the islanders may
waterproof against cold water. Puffins also use their long wings have cut down a lot of trees to use as rollers to move the finished
to help them swim underwater as well as fly. statues into place.
3 Bison live in northern climates and are specially adapted to the Host: What happened when the trees disappeared?
cold. Their hooves are designed for standing on the frozen Diane: Without tree roots to hold the soil in place, a lot of it washed
ground, and their thick fur protects them from frigid into the sea when it rained. The loss of soil made it harder to grow
temperatures. They also have sharp horns on their heads to crops for food. With hardly any trees, they couldn’t make the boats they
protect them from predators. needed to catch fish. And there were other problems.
Host: Oh, that’s all the time we have, but listeners can learn more about
Exercise 2 (p. 244) your book on our website. Thank you, Diane.
Text 1
Exercise 3a (p. 244)
Jason: Hey Ben, is that a new mobile you have?
Ben: Yeah, got it yesterday. It’s great. It’s the latest model and… Host: Good morning. Today, we’re talking to Diane Khan, a historian
Jason: And what was wrong with your old phone? who has written a book about Easter Island. So, Diane, why the interest
Ben: Uh, nothing, but … in this place?
Jason: Do you know what happens to all the old phones? I’ve seen Diane: Like most people who know about this small island in the
shocking photos of mountains of them that people have thrown away. southwestern Pacific Ocean, I was curious about those statues, you
This is going to be a huge environmental problem in the future know, the huge stone heads.
because of people like you throwing away electronic devices that are Host: Yes, they’re scary looking.
still in good working order. Diane: People say that. And I wondered how the island’s inhabitants
Ben: Oh, I see. OK, I won’t throw it away. I know what I can do with it. I’ll could have constructed them when they did.
give it to you if you like. It’s got loads of cool features and is newer than Host: When was that?
yours. Diane: Hundreds of years ago, from around 1250 until around 1500.
But those statues are not why I decided to write the book.

A20
 Audioscripts
Host: Yes, you focus on the ecological issues there, don’t you? to mention having to shovel it. My housemate and I take turns clearing
Diane: Exactly. I was surprised to learn that hundreds of years ago the snow from the front of our house. I don’t look forward to my turn.
people still created serious environmental problems. You probably
noticed in the pictures of the statues that there are no trees anywhere Exercise 10 (p. 248)
to be seen. Text 1
Host: I did. It makes the statues more dramatic.
F: Martin, you have made the issue of the environment perhaps
Diane: Yes, but the island once had lots of trees. And the loss of trees
your life’s work, and there are some that say it has held you back
made it harder to survive on the island. When Europeans first arrived
in your rise to a senior position. What do you say to them?
there in 1722, they found only about two or three thousand inhabitants.
M: I say the same thing to them as I say to everyone. If we don’t have
Yet, around 100 years earlier, there had been around 15,000. The drop
a planet, we don’t have an economy, don’t have education, don’t
in numbers was caused by the lack of trees and changes to the physical
have anything.
landscape.
F: Does the lack of progress frustrate you?
Host: Wow! What happened to cause such an ecological disaster?
M: Well, you have to be patient in this line of work. Solutions don’t
Diane: Well, we don’t know for sure. Certainly some trees were cut
happen overnight, though I know the people in the streets and
down to build homes and boats. Also, the ecology of the island
those marching for change want it. We live in a democracy, and
changed with the arrival of rats because they ate a lot of plant seeds.
that means processes must be followed.
This meant fewer new plants grew. We also think that the islanders may
F: What do you say to the scientists who warn we are approaching
have cut down a lot of trees to use as rollers to move the finished
a point of no return?
statues into place.
M: I understand, I listen, I worry. I have children too, you know. And
Host: What happened when the trees disappeared?
I’ve been reelected three times, so the voters obviously know and
Diane: Without tree roots to hold the soil in place, a lot of it washed
appreciate the fact that I spend every day pushing to get
into the sea when it rained. The loss of soil made it harder to grow
environmental changes moving faster. But it will take time.
crops for food. With hardly any trees, they couldn’t make the boats they
needed to catch fish. And there were other problems.
Text 2
Host: Oh, that’s all the time we have, but listeners can learn more about
your book on our website. Thank you, Diane. M: What about the idiom ‘a wolf in sheep’s clothing’? That’s from one
of Aesop’s fables, isn’t it?
Exercise 5a (p. 244) F: It’s possible, and it was certainly included as such from the Middle
Ages and on, but there’s no strict proof.
Speaker 1
M: I suppose this idiom would mean someone seems nice, but on
I live in a city that is north of a large lake. I work in the north end of the
the inside they are mean or vicious, right?
city and live downtown. I remember walking out of my office last
F: That’s undoubtedly what it means. It’s like the saying ‘don’t judge
winter and seeing the world around me covered in a thick blanket of
a book by its cover’, except the book one is often used for nice
fresh white snow. And it was still coming down, and heavily. The weird
people with a plain appearance too.
thing was, when I got home, it was pouring rain. I discovered this was
M: That’s true. And doesn’t it remind you a bit of the fairy tale The
because the lake has a warming effect. It raised the temperature in the
Wolf and the Seven Young Kids? That’s the one about the wolf
city centre enough to cause rain instead of snow.
who pretends to be the little goats’ mother to get into their
Speaker 2 house and eat them.
When I was a child, I always hoped for a snow day, so my school would F: I suppose there are faint similarities, but I don’t think he dresses
be closed. Any time it got cold, I’d get so excited that I’d ask my mum to up. He puts on her voice and makes his paw white, like hers, but
check the news to see if it was a ‘snow day’. One day the blizzard during other than that, the resemblance isn’t so strong.
the night had been so bad that the snow that morning was up to my M: Maybe. But it’s the same message. Don’t trust appearances.
waist! There was so much that for once I didn’t even need to bother to F: Or don’t open your door to strangers!
ask!
Speaker 3 Text 3
Lake effect snow is something that occurs, as the name suggests, near a Welcome, one and all, to Epping Forest. It gives me great pleasure to see
large body of water, usually a lake. In the winter, lake water is usually young people among the group, and it’s very exciting to see more and
warmer than the air around it. When cold winter air passes over a large more teens are getting involved in the outdoors. When I first started this
lake, water vapor above the surface of the lake rises into the cold air guided walk, my only two clients were an elderly couple of around 80
because warm air always rises. When that happens, the cold air freezes years old. I had to cut the walk in half to make it easier for them!
the water vapor and turns it into snow. The wind then takes the snow I see a few worried looks among you now, but please don’t be concerned.
and drops it when it hits land. We’re going on a long walk, to be sure, but it’s a very gentle walk. The
Speaker 4 section of the forest we’re going to be walking through is the longest
In my country, it never snows. I had never seen snow in my life until I uninterrupted stretch, and we’re going to cover a roughly oval path, so
went to Chicago to study. I remember I was sitting with my friends in a we end up where we started, and at the car park. It’s a forest I’ve explored
fast food pizza place not far from campus. One of my friends said, “Look, since I was a boy, since I’ve lived all my life in Chingford, which isn’t far
it’s snowing!” I turned around and I could see the big snowflakes falling. from here. So you’re in safe hands, and though it’s around 10 miles in
I grabbed my jacket and ran outside. I stood there open-mouthed, total, we’ll take it gently and stop often for breaks and talks.
letting the snow fall on my head and shoulders. My friends had to drag For those of you who don’t know, Epping Forest is an ancient forest,
me to class that day! meaning that it has been wooded all through history, way back to
Speaker 5 Neolithic times. We’ll see some evidence of that along the way. It used to
Many of my friends are skiers and a snowstorm gets them excited. They be much larger, of course, and used to be part of Waltham Forest. This
get really happy about it! You know, it starts snowing heavily and has always been the densest part of the forest, though, probably because
they’re all talking about fresh snow, fresh snow. Fresh? It certainly of its position between the rivers Lea and Roding. The whole of Waltham
doesn’t make me feel fresh. When it really comes down, I have to put Forest was going to be given to William Long-Wellesley in the early 19th
on my big boots and it can be exhausting trying to walk through it, not century to turn into farmland, but, luckily for us, the common people

A21
 Audioscripts
protested so strongly that this part of the forest was preserved forever as skin or where they come from. Unfortunately, it’s been a historical
common land. problem in our society, and it continues to affect newcomers and other
We’ll start in just a moment, but first let me tell you a story. About a year minorities.
ago, I was sitting by a tree just a hundred yards from here, dreaming
about something as I rested. And what should trot into the clearing but a Exercises 3 & 4 (p. 262)
group of five fallow deer, including two little ones! They came in, looked Enough is enough! This government has been in power for three years and
at me and fed for a while. Of course, I held my breath and didn’t make a they’ve done nothing to help the people of this country. Look around.
noise... then they trotted off in a southerly direction – pretty much the Homeless people everywhere. It’s on the rise. It’s increased by 23% in the
way we’re going to go now. So, what I’m saying is – keep your eyes open, last three years and it continues to go up. Non-violent crime is up almost
try not to make too much noise, and you never know what you might 15% since last year. Most of that is thefts and robberies. Why? People can’t
see! afford rent. People can’t afford to eat. Yet, the economy is good. The rich are
Right, if you’re all ready, we can go! getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The middle class is
disappearing. Have you got a job? A place to live? You might be next. What
Module 14 can I do, you say? Demand change and demand it now. If we don’t see
Exercise 8 (p. 255) some improvement soon, vote this government out of power in the next
Speaker 1 election. We need a government that is willing to tax the rich not only to
My name is Dorota, and I’m here today to show my support for teachers help the poor but the whole society. Yet, this government actually lowered
and all the education staff across the country. We need to show the taxes for companies by 2% and they have done nothing to stop the rich
government that teachers are important, and that citizens support from avoiding paying their fair share in taxes. Do you know where a lot of
them 100%! their money ends up? It ends up being invested in other countries where
the tax rates are low. The people who live in this country need to invest in
Speaker 2 this country, not in the rest of the world. We need new laws to protect our
I’m Miko, and I recently decided to stop buying products from this shop! country and our country’s people. We need government investment in
This shop pollutes the environment and puts endangered species at risk. shelters for the homeless. We need government investment in job creation.
I refuse to use them and won’t ever give them my money again! We need investment to get the poor out of prisons and back in the
Speaker 3 workplace. We need the government to raise the minimum wage – a
I’m Amelia, and the employees at my company have decided to stop minimum wage which isn’t enough to live on and has only gone up 12%
working until the management treats us better. We won’t go back to in the last twenty years. 12%! And big business profits are at an all time
work until we get higher wages, safer working conditions and more job high. Enough is enough. We want a strong and healthy middle class again.
security. We want a living wage for everyone again. We want our country back!
Speaker 4
My name is Wojciech. I think it’s wonderful that the government allows Exercise 7 (p. 262)
citizens to voice their opinion when it comes to making big decisions Text 1
for the country. I’m voting YES today. So, today we’re going to talk about nation states and countries. You see, a
Speaker 5 nation state is a kind of country, but it’s a country where everyone, or
Hello, I’m Zofia and I’d like you to sign this. You see, I’m making a list of nearly everyone who lives there is a member of the same ethnic group.
names of all the people who, like me, want the government to protect As we all know, there are countries in the world whose citizens are of
our town hall. This beautiful old building shouldn’t be demolished, and many different ethnic groups. Canada, the United States and Australia are
with your support, we can make the mayor change his mind! good examples but there are many more. Nation states were more
common a hundred years ago when populations were more stable. Now
Exercise 19 (p. 257) that it’s common for people to emigrate to other countries seeking a
better life, the nation state is becoming a thing of the past. The pros and
Speaker 1
cons of this concept are what we’re going to analyse today.
Leaders of several Middle Eastern countries are meeting today to try
and come to an agreement and end years of war and conflict in the
Text 2
region. Previous negotiations have been unsuccessful, but participants
remain optimistic that a solution can be reached. F: Good morning, UNICEF. How can I help you?
M: Hello, I’m interested in your organisation. I’ve just started a new
Speaker 2 job with excellent pay and my accountant suggested that I make
What do you think we should do about all the migrants who are stuck some donations to charity.
at the border wanting to come into our country? Some people think F: Good idea. As you may know, we help children in over 190
we should send them home, but many come from war-torn countries countries. We are currently working on getting vaccines to 23
they can’t return to. million children worldwide who have not been vaccinated
Speaker 3 against childhood diseases such as measles, polio and diphtheria.
I’m not going to buy any more of their products until they stop M: Oh, yes. That’s so important. How can I help?
polluting the environment. We need to show companies that we won’t F: The best thing to do is to go to our website and sign up for a
put up with big businesses destroying the ecosystem, and the best recurring monthly donation of your choice. Even 10 euros a
way to do that is to stop giving them our money! month goes a long way.
Speaker 4 M: Thanks. Will do!
Men and women are still not paid equally for their work. Women also
continue to do the majority of cooking and cleaning within the home Text 3
despite also working outside of the home. These are issues which need I couldn’t believe it. Nothing like this has ever happened to me before.
to be addressed if we are going to have true equality of the sexes. I’ve travelled all over but I never thought it would happen in my city. It’s
a sign of how bad things are now. My best friend got pickpocketed two
Speaker 5
weeks ago. I should have taken it as a warning. I was on the tram going
The term refers to disliking someone based only on the colour of their
to school and some guy bumped into me – said he was sorry. I didn’t
A22
 Audioscripts
think anything of it until I got off and went into a café to buy a coffee. I extensive contacts in the Western fashion industry, I can put
reached into my back pocket for my wallet. Gone! Luckily, I didn’t have ethical businesses in Southeast Asia in touch with like-minded
much cash in there. ones in the West. So we get less of the suspicion, and get dealt
with a little more on a serious level.
Text 4 M: And when did you realise this approach would be a success?
F: Nice shirt. It’s new, isn’t it? F: I suppose it was when we visited a factory where one of these
M: It is. I bought four new shirts yesterday, and I spent less than deals had been struck. I saw something I had never seen before.
60 pounds. Can you believe that? Not only was there no sign of a child on the factory floor, but the
F: Wow. But wait, are they real or fake? owner had also set up childcare facilities so that parents could
M: They’re made in India, but Vemetton is a good brand from Italy. have their children looked after on site while the parents worked
F: Is that why they were so cheap? Are they even good quality? in the factory next door. All the mums and dads went over at
M: Very good actually. Where would I even find British-made shirts? lunchtime and were playing with their kids and there was so
F: That’s not the point. much laughing and smiling that I just thought – wow! We’ve
M: It is the point. It’s globalisation. The world is becoming one. never seen anything like it before. But the factory owner had
Borders are disappearing. realised that this was the best way to get his workers – often
F: You talk about globalisation like it’s a good thing. Do you know including the husband and the wife – into work on time, not
how much they pay workers in those clothing factories? That’s distracted by worries and focused 100% on the job.
why you can get a shirt for 15 pounds. Not only are those workers M: So what’s next for No Child Workers?
not making enough to have a decent life, but jobs are leaving F: We want to do more. We’re preparing a documentary on that
here as many companies move to where labour is cheaper. factory to show to fashion labels in order to encourage them to
M: Actually, there are NGOs like the Workers Rights Consortium now. sign contracts with other factories willing to do the same thing. We
They make sure that workers in factories get a fair wage and think that the good publicity, as well as the feeling that they are
proper working conditions in developing economies. I think it’s actually doing the right thing, will persuade many to commit to
up to Western countries like England and others to find new paying higher prices for the clothes they have designed and want
ways of generating jobs. And that’s what we’re doing here, isn’t it? to be made. And though that might mean the products they sell
F: Hmmm, I guess we may have to accept globalisation to some will be a little more expensive, research has shown that consumers
degree. I don’t really think we can turn back the clock, especially if are willing to pay that little bit extra for a clear conscience.
the rest of the world is going in that direction. M: Well, I wish you every success!
M: And don’t forget there are some good aspects of globalisation.
F: Like what? Exam Skills Check VII
M: I think culturally it’s great. Look at how much we’ve learned about Exercise 2 (p. 272)
other cultures and how those cultures have influenced us. There’s M: Please help me! I think someone’s stolen my wallet!
so much multicultural stuff and restaurants with different cuisines F: No problem, sir. Calm down. Let me just take some details. Now,
on this street alone. I think generally people have become more first of all, what’s your name?
accepting of other cultures. M: Jonah, Jonah Daniels.
F: Yes, I suppose. The cultural side of globalisation is good. And as F: And I suppose you’re a guest at the hotel?
we learn more about other cultures by mixing together with M: Yes, yes, in room 307. Don’t you have this information on your
immigrants, it encourages us to go and see the world. computer?
M: Yes, people are travelling like never before. Tourism is certainly F: It’s actually down at the moment, unfortunately. So did the theft
good for the economies of a lot of countries, too. happen in your room?
F: OK, you’ve convinced me. But, maybe the next time you go M: No, no, it was outside – by the pool. I was sunbathing after a
clothes shopping, you should go do it in India! quick swim. I might have dropped off for a minute...
M: I’d love that, actually. I really want to see Asia. F: And where was the wallet, exactly?
M: I’d left it lying on the ground just under the sunbed. Stupid, I
Exercise 11 (p. 265) know, but I assumed I’d hear anyone approaching.
M: Today our guest is Morgana Seafarer, fashion designer turned F: What did it look like?
child labour activist. Morgana, together with Gordy Whittaker, M: Nothing special. A black leather wallet – but it did have my initials
you created the No Child Workers project. Could you tell us – JD – on it.
where you two met? F: What was in it?
F: We met in Southeast Asia, where I was visiting on business. I was M: Money, bank cards and photos of my kids. That’s the part that
looking for a local partner for my new clothing company, and annoys me the most.
Gordy was there reporting for a US newspaper. We happened to F: Why don’t you give me your mobile phone number, Mr Daniels,
be staying at the same hotel, and one evening, we were sitting at and go and sit down. Would you like me to call your bank for you?
tables next to each other. He introduced himself and invited me M: That’s a good idea. No, thanks, I’ll do it.
to join him, and we started talking. I told him that I had visited a F: OK, so I’ll call the police and you call your bank and cancel those
few factories and I wasn’t impressed by the conditions. I was kind cards. What’s your number?
of shocked, in fact. During our chat over dinner, we came up with M: It’s 6292464633.
the idea for No Child Workers. F: Great. I’ll call you the minute I hear anything.
M: And what is it that you offer that a traditional charity like UNICEF
can’t?
F: We are mostly a business. We believe in free trade, and believe
that these companies are needed in developing countries, so
we’re not trying to shut them down, but educate them. And the
ones that show they are willing to stop the practice of having
children working in their factories need to be rewarded for that.
We’re not trying to punish, but promote. And through my
A23