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1 Nature of Mathematical Reasoning

This document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning as well as examples of each. Inductive reasoning arrives at general conclusions based on specific examples, while deductive reasoning arrives at conclusions based on previously accepted general statements. Examples of each type of reasoning are provided, as well as examples of using patterns to solve computational problems like the Fibonacci sequence and using problem solving strategies to solve math word problems.

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Wendy Campos Manguisi
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62 views13 pages

1 Nature of Mathematical Reasoning

This document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning as well as examples of each. Inductive reasoning arrives at general conclusions based on specific examples, while deductive reasoning arrives at conclusions based on previously accepted general statements. Examples of each type of reasoning are provided, as well as examples of using patterns to solve computational problems like the Fibonacci sequence and using problem solving strategies to solve math word problems.

Uploaded by

Wendy Campos Manguisi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Nature of Mathematical

Reasoning
Lesson 1
Dr. Ofelia B. Chua
Inductive Reasoning
• the process of reasoning that arrives at a
general conclusion based on the observation
of specific examples.

Example 1 : The last four congressional


representatives from this district were all
Republicans. I don’t know why the Democratic
candidate is even bothering to run this year.
Inductive Reasoning
• the process of reasoning that arrives at a
general conclusion based on the observation
of specific examples.

Example 2: For the first three games this year,


the parking lot was packed with tailgaters, so we
will have to leave extra early to find a spot this
week.
Deductive Reasoning
• process of reasoning that arrives on a
conclusion based on previously accepted
general statements. It is based on overall
rules, not specific examples.

Example 1 : If the class is canceled, I go to the


beach with my friends. I didn’t go to the beach
with my friends yesterday; so class wasn’t
canceled.
Deductive Reasoning
• process of reasoning that arrives on a conclusion
based on previously accepted general
statements. It is based on over all rules, not
specific examples.

Example 2 : Experts say that opening e-mail


attachments that come from unknown senders is
the easiest way to get a virus on your computer.
Shauna constantly opens attachments from people
she doesn’t know, so she’ll probably end up with a
virus on her system.
Computational Example
(Fibonacci Sequence)
• Use inductive reasoning to find a pattern, and
then make a reasonable conjecture for the next
number or item in the sequence:

1 2 4 7 11 16 22 29 __ 37 __
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10 +11

Solution: 1 is added with 1 to make it 2, then the 2 isadded with 2


to make it 4, then the 4 is added with 3 to make it 7, then the 7 is
added with 4 to make it11, then the 11 is added with 5to make it16,
then the 16 is added with 6 to make it 22, then the 22 is added with 7
tomake it29,then the29is added with8 tomakeit 37.
Estimation and Interpreting Graphs
• Estimation is Steps:
the process of 1. Locate the place-value digit of
finding an
approximate
the number that is being
answer to a rounded.
Math problem 1.1 If the digit to the right of the place-
value digit is 0 through 4, don’t change the
place-value digit.
• Rounding
Numbers
Examples
• Examples
Round the number to the place-value
given:
1.1 2,861(hundreds)
Answer: 2,900
1.2 732.6498 (thousandths)
Answer: 732.6500
Problem-Solving Strategies

Step 1. Understand the problem.


Step 2. Device a plan to solve the problem.
Step 3. Carry out your plan to solve the problem.
Step 4. Check your Answer.
Example 1
• One number is 6 more than another number, and their
sum is 22. Find the numbers.
Solution: Let x = a number
x+6 = another number
x + (x+6) = 22 Ans. 8 and 14
2x = 22 – 6
2x = 16
x = 16/2
x=8
x + 6 = 8 + 6 = 14
Example 2
• If 24 is added to a number, it will be 3 times as
large as it was originally. Find the number.
Solution: Let x = a number
x + 24 = 3x Ans. 12
x-3x = -24
-2x = -24
x = -24/-2
x = 12
Seatwork 1
1. Fill in the blank:
10 20 11 18 12 16 13 14 14 12 15 ___
2. Determine whether the type of reasoning
used is inductive or deductive reasoning.
Since Josie ate a diet of mostly foods high
in saturated fat, she was not surprised when her
doctor said her cholesterol levels were too high.

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