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The document discusses methods for calculating pressure drop in pipe systems. It presents the Hazen-Williams equation as an alternative to the more complex Darcy-Weislaw equation for estimating frictional head loss. Tables are provided listing k-factors for common pipe fittings to calculate losses from fittings. The document also lists Hazen-Williams coefficients for different pipe materials.

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Sara KHEIRI
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43 views4 pages

Perte de Charge1

The document discusses methods for calculating pressure drop in pipe systems. It presents the Hazen-Williams equation as an alternative to the more complex Darcy-Weislaw equation for estimating frictional head loss. Tables are provided listing k-factors for common pipe fittings to calculate losses from fittings. The document also lists Hazen-Williams coefficients for different pipe materials.

Uploaded by

Sara KHEIRI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION

(4) The Darcy-Weisbach equation with the Moody diagram are considered to be the most accurate model
for estimating frictional head loss in steady pipe flow. Since the approach requires a not so efficient trial
and error iteration an alternative empirical head loss calculation like the Hazen-Williams equation
may be preferred:

f = 0.2083 (100/c)1.852 q1.852 / dh4.8655


where
f = friction head loss in feet of water per 100 feet of pipe (ftH20/100 ft pipe)
c = Hazen-Williams roughness constant
q = volume flowrate (gal/min)
dh = inside hydraulic diameter (inches) (for circular pipes, dh is the internal diameter)

(5) Valves and fittings cause pressure losses greater than those caused by the pipe alone.
Losses are expressed by

∆H = KV2/2g
where
∆H = pressure drop in ftH2O
K = friction loss coefficient (according to ASHRAE tables)
V = flow velocity in fps
g = acceleration of gravity in ft/s2
POMPE DES RIA

Pipe material 14.Black steel


c= 120

dP in
Pipe Section Flow Rate Pipe Size Pipe Length Friction loss Friction loss Fitting Nb K - factor Velocity Total Friction Total Friction Total Friction
fittings
GPM In. ft ft/100ft ft fps ft ft psi kPa
33.8 3 141.076115 0.48 0.6786086 90° Ell Reg. 4 0.34 1.53 0.05 0.73 0.31 2.16
1-2
135 3 6.25 0 Tee-Line 5 0.17 6.13 0.50 0.50 0.21 1.47
135 2 1/2 15.18 0 90° Ell Long. 1 0.28 8.82 0.34 0.34 0.15 1.00
135 4 1.54 0 Tee-Line 7 0.15 3.45 0.19 0.19 0.08 0.57
Section 3 - 4
135 4 1.54 0 90° Ell Long. 1 0.22 3.45 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.12
5.33 Head (kPa)
0.5 Head (m)
0.6 Head + 20% Safety
Calculated Pump Head (m) 0.6 Head + Equipment Pressure Drop
DEP-DES-ME-H-101 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDELINES

The following tables show the k values for different fittings, according to ASHRAE Fundamentals.

Table 1 - k Values - Screwed pipe Fittings


Nominal
90° Ell 90° Ell
pipe Dia. 45° Ell Return Bend Tee-Line Tee-Branch Globe Valve Gate Valve Angle Valve Swing Check Valve
Reg. Long.
in.
3/8 2.5 _ 0.38 2.5 0.9 2.7 20 0.4 _ 8
1/2 2.1 _ 0.37 2.1 0.9 2.4 14 0.33 _ 5.5
3/4 1.7 0.92 0.35 1.7 0.9 2.1 10 0.28 6.1 3.7
1 1.5 0.78 0.34 1.5 0.9 1.8 9 0.24 4.6 3
1-1/4 1.3 0.65 0.33 1.3 0.9 1.7 8.5 0.22 3.6 2.7
1-1/2 1.2 0.54 0.32 1.2 0.9 1.6 8 0.19 2.9 2.5
2 1.0 0.42 0.31 1.0 0.9 1.4 7 0.17 2.1 2.3

Table 2 - k Values - Flanged Welded Pipe Fittings


Nominal pipe Dia.
90°in.Ell Reg.90° Ell Long.45° Ell longReturn Bend RegTee-Line Tee-Branch Globe Valve Gate Valve Angle Valve Swing Check Valve
2-1/2 0.35 0.28 0.19 0.35 0.18 0.79 8 0.27 2.3 2
3 0.34 0.25 0.18 0.34 0.17 0.76 7 0.22 2.2 2
4 0.31 0.22 0.18 0.31 0.15 0.7 6.5 0.16 2.1 2
6 0.29 0.18 0.17 0.29 0.12 0.62 6 0.1 2.1 2
8 0.27 0.16 0.17 0.27 0.1 0.58 5.7 0.08 2.1 2
10 0.25 0.14 0.16 0.25 0.09 0.53 5.7 0.06 2.1 2
12 0.24 0.13 0.16 0.24 0.08 0.5 5.7 0.05 2.1 2

Hazen-Williams
Coefficient
Material -c-
Aluminum 130-150
Brass 130-140
Cast-Iron - new unlined (CIP) 130
Copper 150
Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP) 140
Fiber Glass Pipe - FRP 150
Stainless steel 150
Galvanized iron 120
Metal Pipes -Glass
Very to extremely 130
smooth 130-140
Polyethylene, PE, PEH 140
Polyvinyl chloride, PVC, CPVC 130
Smooth Pipes 140
Black Steel 120

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