Learning Activity Sheet Mathematics

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Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Illustrations of Quadratic Equations
An equation is a mathematical sentence stating that the values of two
mathematical expressions are equal while a linear equation in one
variable is a first-degree equation, that is the highest value of exponent of
the variable is 1.

Now, let us define quadratic equation. A Quadratic equation in one

variable is a 2nd degree equation (the highest value of exponent of the
variable is 2) that can be written in standard form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a,
b and c are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0.

Examine the illustration below for further understanding the difference between
linear and quadratic equation.

Types of Equation Example Characteristic

the highest degree of variable
Linear Equation 2𝒙 + 1 = 0 is equal to 1.

the highest degree of variable

𝟐
Quadratic Equation 𝒙 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 is equal to 2.
It was mentioned that the standard form of quadratic equation is 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙
+ 𝒄 = 𝟎, where a, b and c are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0. You can see that
there are three terms in the equation. The three terms of quadratic
equation are illustrated below.

𝟐
𝒂𝒙 Quadratic term (1st term)

Linear term (2nd term)

𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎

Constant term (3rd term)

Now, let us take a look at the following examples if it is quadratic or not.
When the equation is not express in quadratic form, convert the given
equation into its standard form, and find the values of a, b, and c.
Example 1: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎
Since the given equation is on its standard form, we can easily see if the
equation is a quadratic or not. Based on the discussion above, can we say if
the given equation is in quadratic form or not? Why?
Yes, the given equation is a quadratic equation because the highest degree of the
equation is 2.

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 Parts of Quadratic
Terms Values
Equation

Quadratic term 2𝑥2 𝒂=𝟐

Linear term 7𝑥 𝒃=𝟕

Constant −15 𝒄 = −𝟏𝟓

Therefore, 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝟕and 𝒄 = −𝟏𝟓.

As you can see in this example, for you to identify the values of a, b and c,
you need to make sure that the quadratic equation is on the standard form.
The value of a is the numerical coefficient of the quadratic term, the
value of b is the numerical coefficient of the linear term, and the value
of c is the constant of the equation. Please take note of the sign of every
coefficient.

Example 2: (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓) = 𝟐
In this example, we probably notice that the equation is not on the
standard form thus, we need to transform the given equation into a
standard form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0. To do that, we need your knowledge in
operation of polynomials that you already learned in your previous grade
levels.

Steps Reason
𝑥(3𝑥 + 5) = 2 Given
Apply Distributive Property by multiplying x to each term
3𝑥2 + 5𝑥 = 2 inside the parenthesis
Apply Subtraction Property of Equality by subtracting 2 on
3𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 2 = 2 − 2 both sides of the equation
3x2 + 5x -2 = 0 Standard Form

𝟐
Hence, the standard form of (3𝑥 + 5) = 2 is + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎.
Using your knowledge in simplifying polynomials, you have now the
standard form of the given equation. Now that we have the standard form,
it is time to find the value of a, b and c.
Standard form: 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎

Values of a, b, and c
Term on the
Name of term
given equation

Quadratic term 3𝑥2 𝒂=𝟑

Linear term 5𝑥 𝒃=𝟓
Constant −2 𝒄 = −𝟐

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Therefore, 𝒂 = 𝟑, 𝒃 = 𝟓 and 𝒄 = −𝟐.
Example 3: (𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟎
Just like on Example 2, the equation is not on its standard form thus, we need to
transform the given equation into its standard form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.

Steps Reasons
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 10) = 0 Given
Apply multiplication of two binomials (FOIL
method)
Simplify by combining like terms (−10𝑥 − 2𝑥)
Hence, the standard form of (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 10) = 0 is 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎.
Now that you have the standard form, it is time to find the values of a, b and c.
Standard form: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎

Term on the given Values of a, b, and c

Name of term
equation

Quadratic term 𝑥2 𝒂=𝟏

Linear term −12𝑥 𝒃 = −𝟏𝟐

Constant 20 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟎
Therefore, 𝒂 = 𝟏, 𝒃 = −𝟏𝟐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟎.

What’s More: Activity 7 Fill me in!

Identify each equation if it is a quadratic equation or not and state the reason why.
Quadratic or Not
Equation Reason
Quadratic
1. 2x2 − 25x + 50 = 0
2. x(x − 2) = 4
3. 5x + 3 = 4
4. x2 − 16 = 0
5. x + 3x − 2x = 10
6. (x − 4)(x + 5) = 12
7. x( x − 6) = 16
(𝑥+3)2 2𝑥−1
8. 4 = 3

9. 10x + 5 = 4x
10. 2x − 2)( x + 3) = (5x − 2)(3x − 1)

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Activity 9: Find the values of a, b, and c of the following quadratic equations.
Write your answers on the blanks provided.

1. 2x2 -14x = 21 𝑎 = ______ b= ______ c= ______

2. 2x2 - 5x + 20 = 3x 𝑎 = ______ b= ______ c= ______

3. x(2x - 6) = 15 𝑎 = ______ b= ______ c= ______

4. (x + 1) (x - 4) =1 𝑎 = ______ b= ______ c= ______

5. (x - 8)(x + 4) = 6(x - 2) 𝑎 = ______ b= ______ c= ______

Activity 3 Fill me in!

Write the standard form (𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0) of the quadratic equations which
the values of a, b, and c are given below. The first item is done for your
reference. Use x as the variable.
Values of a, b, and c Standard From
1. 𝑎 = 2 b= 5 c=4 2𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 4 = 0
2. 𝑎 = 10 b= −5 c = −10 _______________
3. 𝑎 = 3 b= −6 c=2 _______________
4. 𝑎 = 1 b= −3 c = 12 _______________
5. 𝑎 = 4 b= 7 c=1 _______________

Answer Key:

Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Solving Quadratic Equations

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Lesson 1: Solving Quadratic Equations by Extracting
Square Roots

In this lesson you will be able to familiarize with the process of solving quadratic
equations by extracting square roots.

First, let us talk about why we need to solve an equation. Remember, that in
Algebra we formulate equations to find the missing value or measurement of a
variable, and then we solve it to find the solution or root of that equation thus,
finding the value or measurement of that variable.

Example: x + 2 = 5

In this example, we have a linear equation + 2 = 5, this means you have a missing
value which is the variable x. The meaning of this equation is there is a missing
value or number that when you add to 2 will result to 5. Now the equation implies,
what is a number that when you add to 2 will equal to 5?

You need to solve the equation to answer the question. Using your knowledge in
solving linear equation we can solve the equation by the following steps:

𝑥+2=5 Given equation

𝑥 + 2 − 𝟐 = 5 − 𝟐 Apply Subtraction Property of Equality by

subtracting 2 on both sides of the equation so
that x will be isolated on the left side of the
equation.

𝑥=3

Thus, the missing number is 3. That makes sense because 3 + 2 = 5, and that
makes our equation true.

Solving quadratic equation is somewhat similar to linear equation by finding the

missing value of a particular variable. However, linear and quadratic equations are
different from one another thus, we solve the two types of equations differently.
Here is a brief comparison of the two equations.

Linear Equation Quadratic Equation

in one variable in one variable

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 Exponent/degree of variable The highest degree of The highest degree of
variable is 1. variable is 2.

Standard form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

Number of solution(s)/root(s) 1 2

Example 2𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0

We use the extracting square roots method if and only if the quadratic equation is
in the form of 𝒂𝒙𝟐 = 𝒄, where a and c are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0. Unlike the
standard form (a𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0) in the form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 = we do not have the linear term bx
because in this kind of quadratic equation the value of b is 0.
Steps in Solving Quadratic Equations by Extracting Roots

𝒂𝒙𝟐 form
Step •Transform the given equation into the =𝒄 .
1
•Simplify the equation so that only the term with variable remains on the
Step left side of the equation
.
2

Step •Extract the roots of both sides of the .equation

3

Step •Check the answers.

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Example 1: Solve the following by extracting the square roots and find the
solutions of the equation 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 = 𝟎.

Since the given equation is on the form 𝑎𝑥2 = 𝑐, we can use the method of
extracting square roots.

STEPS SOLUTIONS

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Step 1. Transform the
given equation into the 𝑥2 − 4 = 0 Given
𝟐
form 𝒂𝒙 = 𝒄
𝑥2 − 4 + 4 = 0 + 4 Apply Addition Property of
Equality by adding 4 on both
sides of the equation so that x2
will be isolated on the left side
of the equation.
The equation is now on the
x2 = 4
form ax2 = c

Step 2. Simplify the x² = 4 Since the only term on the left

equation so that only the side of the equation is 𝑥²,
term that has variable there is no need to simplify
remains on the left side of the equation.
the equation.
Step 3. Extract the roots
of both sides of the Get the square roots of each
equation. term.
x2 = ±2 Since it is a
Quadratic
Equation, there are two values
of x, those are and – 𝟐.

𝐢𝐟 𝐱 = 𝟐, 𝐢𝐟 𝐱 = −𝟐,
Step 4. Check if the
solutions/roots are
2
correct. Substitute the 𝑥 − 4 = 0 𝑥2 − 4 = 0
values of x to the original
equation. (2)² − 4 = 0 (−2)² − 4 = 0

0=0 True. 0=0 True.

Answer: Therefore, the two solutions/roots of the equation 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 = are 2 or
-2.

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 2: Find the solutions of the equation 𝟐𝒓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐 = 𝟎 by extracting the square
roots.

STEPS SOLUTIONS
Step 1. Transform the
given equation into the 2𝑟2 − 162 = 0 Given
form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 = 𝒄.
2𝑟2 − 162 + 162 = 0 + 162 Apply Addition Property of
Equality by adding 162 on both sides of the
equation.
The equation is now in the 2𝑟2 = 162 form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 =
𝒄.
Step 2. Simplify the
equation, so that only 2𝑟2 = 162
the variable remains
on the left side of the
equation. Apply Division Property of Equality by
dividing 2 on both sides of the equation so that r2 will
be isolated on the left side of the equation.
𝑟2 = 81
Step 3. Extract the Extract both sides of the
roots of both sides of
equation by getting the square
the equation.
roots.
𝑟 = ±9
Hence, the two values of r are
or −𝟗.
Step 4. Check the 𝐢𝐟 𝐫 = 𝟗, 𝐢𝐟 𝐫 = −𝟗,
answers.
2𝑟2 − 162 = 0 2𝑟2 − 162 = 0

2(9)² − 162 = 0 2(−9)² − 162 = 0

Now let us check if the
values of r are correct. 2(81) − 162 = 0 2(81) − 162 = 0
Substitute the values
of r to the original 162 − 162 = 0 162 − 162 = 0
equation.
0=0 , True. 0=0 , True.

Answer: Therefore, the two solutions/roots of the equation 𝟐𝒓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐 = are
𝟗 or −𝟗.

What’s More: Activity 4 Crack the Code

Crack the secret code below by solving the following quadratic equations. Choose your
answer on the boxes below. Write the corresponding letter of your answer on the spaces
provided to reveal the code. Use extracting the square roots method in solving the
equations.

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 1. 𝑥2 − 121 = 0 5.

2. 2𝑥2 = 18 6. 𝑥2 + 1 = 1

3. 5𝑥2 − 180 = 0 7. (𝑥 − 9)2 = 196

4. (𝑥 − 6)2 = 25 8. 6𝑥2 − 24 = 72

𝐕 𝐌 𝑥 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 𝐒 𝐂
𝑥 = 11 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −11 −4 𝑥 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −2 𝑥 = 11 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1

𝐔 𝐑 𝐖 𝑥 = −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 𝐋
𝑥 = −5 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 23 𝑥 = −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −3 1 𝑥=0

𝐓 𝐈 𝐍
𝑥 = 10 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −10 𝑥 = 3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −6

Write your answers on the blanks provided below.

CODE:
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Lesson 2: Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

Steps in Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

•Transform the given equation into a standard form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎.

Step 1

•Factor the Quadratic Expression on the left side of the equation.

Step 2

•Apply Zero Product Property by equating the two factors of quadratic

Step 3 equation to 0. (Read the next box to know more about Zero Product Property)

•Find the values of the variable by solving the two equations.

Step 4

•Check your answers.

Step 5

ZeroProduct Property 9

If the product of two real numbers is zero, then either of two is equal to zero
or both numbers are equal to zero.
Example 1: Find the solutions of the equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔 using factoring method.

STEPS SOLUTIONS

Step 1. Transform the

given equation into its 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 = 16 Given
standard form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
= 𝟎. 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 − 16 = 16 − 16 Apply Subtraction Property of
Equality by subtracting
both sides of the equation by 16.

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 This is now in standard form.

Step 2. Factor the 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 − 16 = 0
quadratic expression on The factors of 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 −
the left side of the (𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟖) = 𝟎
equation. 16 = 0 are (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝑑 (𝒙 + 𝟖).

(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟖) = 𝟎
Step 3. Apply Zero
Product Property by
equating the two factors
of quadratic equation to 𝒙−𝟐=𝟎 𝒙+𝟖=𝟎
0.
𝑥−2=0 𝐫+8=0
Step 4. Find the values
of the variable by solving 𝑥 − 2 + 2 = 0 + 2 𝑥+8−8=0−8
two equations.
𝒙=𝟐 𝒙 = −𝟖

If 𝐱 = 𝟐, If 𝐱 = −𝟖,
Step 5. Check your
𝑥2 + 6𝑥 = 16 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 = 16
answers.
(2)2 + 6(2) = 16 (−8)2 + 6(−8) = 16
Check your answers by
substituting the values of 4 + 12 = 16 64 − 48 = 16
x obtained to the original
equation. 16 = 16 , True. 16 = 16 , True.

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Answer: Therefore, the two solutions of the equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 = are or −𝟖.

Example 2: Use factoring method in solving the equation 2𝑦2 + 7𝑦 + 5 = 0.

STEPS SOLUTIONS
Step 1. Transform the
given equation into its 2𝑦2 + 7𝑦 + 5 = 0 Given
standard form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 Since the given equation is in standard form,
+ 𝒄 = 𝟎. there is no need to transform it into standard form.

Step 2. Factor the (2𝑦 + 5)(𝑦 + 1) = 0 The factors of 2𝑦 + 7𝑦 + 5 are

Quadratic Expression on
(2𝑦 + 5) 𝑎(𝑦 + 1).
the left side of the
equation.
Step 3. Apply Zero (2𝑦 + 5)(𝑦 + 1) = 0
Product Property by
equating two factors of 2𝑦 + 5 = 0
Quadratic Equation to 0. 𝑦+1=0
Step 4. Find the values 2𝑦 + 5 = 0 𝑦+1=0
of the variable by solving
2𝑦 + 5 − 5 = 0 − 5 𝑦 + 1 − 1 = −1
the two equations.
2𝑦 = −5 𝒚 = −𝟏

Answer: Therefore, the two solutions of the equation 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟓 = are or

−𝟏.

What’s More: Activity 3 Solve me! Direction: Solve the following quadratic equations
by applying factoring method. Write your solutions on space provided.

1. 𝑟2+9𝑟+18=0 2. 𝑥2+3𝑥 =10 3. 4𝑦2+6𝑦 =28

𝑟 = _____ or 𝑟 = _____ 𝑥 = _____ or x= _____ 𝑦 = _____ or y= _____

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4. 2𝑥2+12𝑥+10=0 5. 𝑎2 =4𝑎−4 6. 2𝑦2+11𝑦 =−5

𝑥 = _____ or x = _____ 𝑎 = _____ or a= _____ 𝑦 = _____ or y = _____

7. 2𝑥2 =40+2𝑥 8. 𝑥2+3𝑥−28=0 9. 25=3𝑥2−10𝑥

𝑥 = _____ or x= _____ 𝑥 = _____ or x= _____ 𝑥 = _____ or x= _____

Answer Key:

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