UKMLA

Study Guide
Table of Contents
Welcome to AMBOSS! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Acute and emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Cardiovascular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Child health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
.

Clinical haematology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Clinical imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Ear, nose and throat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Endocrine and metabolic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

General practice and primary healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Gastrointestinal including liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Medicine of older adult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Mental health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Musculoskeletal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Neurosciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Obstetrics and gynaecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Ophthalmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Palliative and end of life care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Renal and urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Respiratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Sexual health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Areas of professional knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

.

Clinical and professional capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

All areas of clinical practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Welcome to AMBOSS!
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delivers up-to-date medical knowledge to students, physicians, and faculty around the world.

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> INDEX | 3
Acute and emergency

> INDEX | 4
Acute and emergency

Topic AMBOSS Article

Acid-base abnormality Acid-base disorders

Acute bronchitis Acute bronchitis

Acute coronary syndromes Acute coronary syndrome

Acute kidney injury Acute kidney injury

Allergic disorder Hypersensitivity reactions

Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis

Aortic aneurysm Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Thoracic aortic aneurysm

Arrhythmias Overview of cardiac arrhythmias

Cardiac arrest Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Compartment syndrome Compartment syndrome

Deep vein thrombosis Deep vein thrombosis

Dehydration Dehydration and hypovolemia

Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperglycemic crises

Drug overdose Substance-related and addictive disorders

Opioid overdose

Non-opioid analgesics

Sedative-hypnotic drugs

Ectopic pregnancy Ectopic pregnancy

Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state Hyperglycemic crises

Hyperthermia and hypothermia Heatstroke

Hypothermia and frostbite

Myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction

> INDEX | 5
Acute and emergency

Topic AMBOSS Article

Necrotising fasciitis Skin and soft tissue infections

Non-accidental injury Child maltreatment

Pneumothorax Pneumothorax

Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism

Raised intracranial pressure Elevated intracranial pressure and brain herniation

Respiratory arrest Respiratory failure and arrest

Respiratory failure Respiratory failure and arrest

Self-harm Suicide

Sepsis Sepsis

Spinal cord compression Degenerative disk disease

Spinal fracture Vertebral fractures

Stroke Overview of stroke

Subarachnoid haemorrhage Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subdural haemorrhage Subdural hematoma

Substance use disorder Substance-related and addictive disorders

Unstable angina Acute coronary syndrome

> INDEX | 6
Cancer

> INDEX | 7
Cancer

Topic AMBOSS Article

Bladder cancer Urinary tract cancer

Brain metastases Brain tumors

Breast cancer Breast cancer

Cervical cancer Cervical cancer

Colorectal tumours Colorectal cancer

Endometrial cancer Endometrial cancer

Gastric cancer Gastric cancer

Hypercalcaemia of malignancy Hypercalcemia

Leukaemia Acute leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Lung cancer Lung cancer

Lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Malignant melanoma Melanoma

Multiple myeloma Multiple myeloma

Oesophageal cancer Esophageal cancer

Ovarian cancer Ovarian tumors

Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer

Pathological fracture General principles of fractures

Prostate cancer Prostate cancer

Testicular cancer Testicular tumors

> INDEX | 8
Cardiovascular

> INDEX | 9
Cardiovascular

Topic AMBOSS Article

Aneurysms, ischaemic limb and occlusions Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Thoracic aortic aneurysm

Aneurysm

Acute limb ischemia

Peripheral arterial disease

Aortic dissection Aortic dissection

Aortic valve disease Aortic valve stenosis

Aortic regurgitation

Arterial thrombosis Hypercoagulable states

Arterial ulcers Peripheral arterial disease

Cardiac failure Congestive heart failure

Essential or secondary hypertension Hypertension

Gangrene Cellular changes and adaptive responses

Wound treatment

Infective endocarditis Infective endocarditis

Intestinal ischaemia Intestinal ischemia

Ischaemic heart disease Coronary artery disease

Mitral valve disease Mitral valve stenosis

Mitral regurgitation

Mitral valve prolapse

Myocarditis Myocarditis

Pericardial disease Pericarditis

Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade

Peripheral vascular disease Peripheral arterial disease

> INDEX | 10
Cardiovascular

Topic AMBOSS Article

Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale

Right heart valve disease Valvular heart diseases

Vasovagal syncope Syncope

Venous ulcers Chronic venous disease

> INDEX | 11
Child health

> INDEX | 12
Child health

Topic AMBOSS Article

Appendicitis Acute appendicitis

Asthma Asthma

Atopic dermatitis and eczema Atopic dermatitis

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Autism spectrum disorder Autism spectrum disorder

Biliary atresia Congenital visceral malformations

Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis

Candidiasis Candidiasis

Cerebral palsy and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy Cerebral palsy

Coeliac disease Celiac disease

Croup Croup

Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis

Developmental delay Neurodevelopmental disorders

Down's syndrome Down syndrome

Eating disorders Eating disorders

Epididymitis and orchitis Epididymitis

Orchitis

Epiglottitis Epiglottitis

Febrile convulsion Febrile seizures

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Henoch-Schonlein purpura IgA vasculitis

Human papilloma virus infection Human papillomavirus infection

Idiopathic arthritis Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Impetigo Impetigo

> INDEX | 13
Child health

Topic AMBOSS Article

Intussusception Intussusception

Kawasaki disease Kawasaki disease

Malaria Malaria

Malnutrition Protein-energy malnutrition

Vitamins

Measles Measles

Migraine Migraine

Mumps Mumps

Muscular dystrophies Progressive muscular dystrophies

Otitis media Acute otitis media

Pyloric stenosis Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Rubella Rubella

Viral exanthema Measles

Scarlet fever

Rubella

Fifth disease

Roseola infantum

Viral gastroenteritis Infectious gastroenteritis

> INDEX | 14
Clinical haematology

> INDEX | 15
Clinical haematology

Topic AMBOSS Article

Anaemia Anemia

Disseminated intravascular coagulation Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Haemochromatosis Hemochromatosis

Haemoglobinopathies Thalassemia

Sickle cell disease

Haemophilia Hemophilia

Hyposplenism/splenectomy Asplenia

Myeloproliferative disorders Myeloproliferative neoplasms

Pancytopenia Laboratory medicine

Patient on anti-platelet therapy Antiplatelet agents

Patient on anti-coagulant therapy Oral anticoagulants

Parenteral anticoagulation

Polycythaemia Polycythemia vera

Sickle cell disease Sickle cell disease

Transfusion reactions Transfusion reactions

> INDEX | 16
Clinical imaging

> INDEX | 17
Clinical imaging

Topic AMBOSS Article

Intestinal obstruction and ileus Bowel obstruction

Paralytic ileus

Lower limb fractures Hip fractures

Pelvic fracture

Femoral shaft fracture

Tibial fracture

Ankle fracture

Talus fractures

Lower limb soft tissue injury Insertional tendinopathy

Wound treatment

Upper limb fractures Humerus fracture

Clavicle fracture

Scaphoid fracture

Metacarpal fractures

Upper limb soft tissue injury Soft tissue lesions of the shoulder

Shoulder dislocation

Insertional tendinopathy

Wound treatment

> INDEX | 18
Dermatology

> INDEX | 19
Dermatology

Topic AMBOSS Article

Acne vulgaris Acne vulgaris

Basal cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma

Cellulitis Skin and soft tissue infections

Contact dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis

Cutaneous fungal infection General mycology

Cutaneous warts Benign skin lesions

Folliculitis Skin and soft tissue infections

Head lice Lice infestation

Psoriasis Psoriasis

Scabies Scabies

Squamous cell carcinoma Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Urticaria Hypersensitivity reactions

> INDEX | 20
Ear, nose and throat

> INDEX | 21
Ear, nose and throat

Topic AMBOSS Article

Acoustic neuroma Acoustic neuroma

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Epistaxis Epistaxis

Infectious mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis

Ménière's disease Meniere disease

Obstructive sleep apnoea Obstructive sleep apnea

Otitis externa Otitis externa

Rhinosinusitis Sinusitis

Tonsillitis Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis

> INDEX | 22
Endocrine and
metabolic

> INDEX | 23
Endocrine and metabolic

Topic AMBOSS Article

Addison's disease Adrenal insufficiency

Cushing’s syndrome Cushing syndrome

Diabetes in pregnancy (gestational and pre-existing) Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy

Diabetes insipidus Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 Diabetes mellitus

Diabetic nephropathy Complications of diabetes mellitus

Diabetic neuropathy Complications of diabetes mellitus

Hyperlipidemia Lipid disorders

Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoglycaemia Hypoglycemia

Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism

Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism

Osteomalacia Osteomalacia and rickets

Pituitary tumours Pituitary adenoma

Thyroid eye disease Orbital disorders

Thyroid nodules Thyroid nodules

Thyrotoxicosis Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis

> INDEX | 24
Gastrointestinal
including liver

> INDEX | 25
Gastrointestinal including liver

Topic AMBOSS Article

Acute cholangitis Acute cholangitis

Acute pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis

Ascites Ascites

Cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis

Cirrhosis Cirrhosis

Constipation Constipation

Diverticular disease Diverticulitis

Diverticulosis

Gallstones and biliary colic Cholelithiasis

Haemorrhoids Hemorrhoids

Hepatitis Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis E

Hiatus hernia Hiatal hernia

Infectious colitis Infectious gastroenteritis

Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn disease

Ulcerative colitis

Irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome

Liver failure Acute liver failure

Malabsorption Malabsorption

> INDEX | 26
Gastrointestinal including liver

Topic AMBOSS Article

Mesenteric adenitis Lymphadenopathy

Infectious gastroenteritis in children

Necrotising enterocolitis Necrotizing enterocolitis

Peptic ulcer disease and gastritis Peptic ulcer disease

Gastritis

Peritonitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Vitamin B12 and/or folate deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

> INDEX | 27
General practice and
primary healthcare

> INDEX | 28
General practice and primary healthcare

Topic AMBOSS Article

Acute stress reaction Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Atrophic vaginitis Vulvovaginitis

Bacterial vaginosis Vulvovaginitis

Bell's palsy Facial nerve palsy

Benign eyelid disorders Inflammation of the eyelids

Bursitis Collection of orthopedic conditions

Chronic fatigue syndrome Chronic fatigue syndrome

Depression Major depressive disorder

Disease prevention/screening Interpreting medical evidence

Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia

Lyme disease Lyme disease

Menopause Menopause

Obesity Obesity and metabolic syndrome

Tension headache Tension-type headache

Trichomonas vaginalis Vulvovaginitis

Varicella zoster Herpes virus infections

Whooping cough Pertussis

> INDEX | 29
Infection

> INDEX | 30
Infection

Topic AMBOSS Article

Brain abscess Brain abscess

Covid-19 COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019)

Encephalitis Encephalitis

Herpes simplex virus Herpes simplex virus infections

Hospital acquired infections Hospital-acquired infections

Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus infection

Infectious diarrhoea Diarrhea

Influenza Influenza

Meningitis Meningitis

Notifiable diseases Principles of medical law and ethics

Septic arthritis Septic arthritis

Surgical site infection Postoperative management

Toxic shock syndrome Toxic shock syndrome

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis

Urinary tract infection Urinary tract infections

Viral hepatitides Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis E

> INDEX | 31
Medicine of older adult

> INDEX | 32
Medicine of older adult

Topic AMBOSS Article

Delirium Delirium

Dementias Major neurocognitive disorder

Osteoporosis Osteoporosis

Parkinson's disease Parkinson disease

Pressure sores Decubitus ulcers

Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence

> INDEX | 33
Mental health

> INDEX | 34
Mental health

Topic AMBOSS Article

Anxiety disorder: generalised Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorder: post-traumatic stress disorder Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Anxiety, phobias, OCD Anxiety disorders

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Bipolar affective disorder Bipolar disorder

Personality disorder Personality disorders

Schizophrenia Schizophrenia

Somatisation Somatic symptom and related disorders

Wernicke's encephalopathy Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome

> INDEX | 35
Musculoskeletal

> INDEX | 36
Musculoskeletal

Topic AMBOSS Article

Ankylosing spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis

Crystal arthropathy Gout and hyperuricemia

Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis

Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis

Polymyalgia rheumatica Polymyalgia rheumatica

Reactive arthritis Reactive arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis

Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis

Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus

> INDEX | 37
Neurosciences

> INDEX | 38
Neurosciences

Topic AMBOSS Article

Epilepsy Seizures and epilepsy

Essential tremor Tremor

Extradural haemorrhage Epidural hematoma

Motor neurone disease Neurological examination

Spinal muscular atrophy

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis

Myasthenia gravis Myasthenia gravis

Peripheral nerve injuries/palsies Peripheral nerve injuries

Radiculopathies Degenerative disk disease

Spinal cord injury Complete spinal cord injury

Incomplete spinal cord syndromes

Transient ischaemic attacks Transient ischemic attack

Trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia

> INDEX | 39
Obstetrics and
gynaecology

> INDEX | 40
Obstetrics and gynaecology

Topic AMBOSS Article

Breast abscess/ mastitis Breast abscess

Mastitis

Cervical screening (HPV) Cervical cancer

Cord prolapse Abnormal labor and delivery

Endometriosis Endometriosis

Fibroids Uterine leiomyoma

Obesity and pregnancy Care of Women with Obesity in Pregnancy

Pelvic inflammatory disease Pelvic inflammatory disease

Placenta praevia Antepartum hemorrhage

Placental abruption Antepartum hemorrhage

Postpartum haemorrhage Postpartum hemorrhage

Pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension Hypertensive pregnancy disorders

Termination of pregnancy Induced abortion

Vasa praevia Antepartum hemorrhage

VTE in pregnancy and puerperium Pulmonary embolism

> INDEX | 41
Ophthalmology

> INDEX | 42
Ophthalmology

Topic AMBOSS Article

Acute glaucoma Glaucoma

Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids

Cataracts Cataract

Central retinal arterial occlusion Retinal vessel occlusion

Chronic glaucoma Glaucoma

Conjunctivitis Overview of conjunctivitis

Diabetic eye disease Complications of diabetes mellitus

Infective keratitis Keratitis

Iritis Diseases of the uvea

Macular degeneration Age-related macular degeneration

Optic neuritis Disorders of the visual pathway

Periorbital and orbital cellulitis Orbital disorders

Retinal detachment Retinal detachment

Scleritis Scleritis and episcleritis

Uveitis Diseases of the uvea

Visual field defects Disorders of the visual pathway

> INDEX | 43
Palliative and end
of life care

> INDEX | 44
Palliative and end of life care

Topic AMBOSS Article

Metastatic disease General oncology

Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome Sepsis

> INDEX | 45
Renal and urology

> INDEX | 46
Renal and urology

Topic AMBOSS Article

Benign prostatic hyperplasia Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis

Chronic kidney disease Chronic kidney disease

Nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome

Urinary tract calculi Nephrolithiasis

> INDEX | 47
Respiratory

> INDEX | 48
Respiratory

Topic AMBOSS Article

Asbestos-related lung disease Asbestosis

Asthma COPD overlap syndrome Asthma

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fibrotic lung disease Interstitial lung disease

Lower respiratory tract infection Pneumonia

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary

Bronchiectasis

Acute bronchitis

Occupational lung disease Silicosis

Interstitial lung diseases

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Asbestosis

Pneumonia Pneumonia

Upper respiratory tract infection Common cold

Sinusitis

Bacterial tracheitis

Epiglottitis

Influenza

Laryngitis

> INDEX | 49
Sexual health

> INDEX | 50
Sexual health

Topic AMBOSS Article

Chlamydia Chlamydia infections

Gonorrhoea Gonorrhea

Syphilis Syphilis

> INDEX | 51
1. Surgery

2. All areas of clinical practice

> INDEX | 52
1. Surgery

Topic AMBOSS Article

Anal fissure Anal fissures

Breast cysts Breast cysts

Fibroadenoma Fibroadenoma

Gastrointestinal perforation Gastrointestinal perforation

Hernias Abdominal hernias

Obstructive sleep apnoea Obstructive sleep apnea

Perianal abscesses and fistulae Anal abscess and fistula

Testicular torsion Testicular torsion

Varicose veins Chronic venous disease

Volvulus Volvulus

2. All areas of clinical practice

Topic AMBOSS Article

Adverse drug effects Chapter link: Adverse effects and toxicities

> INDEX | 53
1. Areas of
professional knowledge

2. Clinical and
professional capabilities

> INDEX | 54
1. Areas of professional knowledge

Topic AMBOSS Article

Allergy and immunology Chapter link: Rheumatology and immunology

Biomedical sciences Chapter link: Anatomy and histology

Chapter link: Physiology

Chapter link: Pathology

Aging changes

Clinical biochemistry Chapter link: Biochemistry

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics Chapter link: Pharmacology

Pain management

Genetics and genomics Chapter link: Genetics

Histopathology General histology

Pathology techniques

Human factors and quality improvement Quality and safety

Laboratory haematology Laboratory medicine

Medical ethics and law Principles of medical law and ethics

Microbiology Chapter link: Microbiology

Infection prevention and control

Psychological principles Chapter link: Psychology, ethics, and counseling

Social and population health Chapter link: Public health

Chapter link: Social sciences

> INDEX | 55
2. Clinical and professional capabilities

Topic AMBOSS Article

Practical skills and procedures Practical skills and procedures - General Medical Council

Practical skills and procedures

> INDEX | 56