Top chi Khoa hoc va Céng nghé, Sd 524, 2021 TOI UU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GIAI THUAT DON HINH THAI PHUONG TRUC Khoa Ky thuat Xay dong, Trieéng Bai hoc Cong nghiép thimh phd Hé Chi Minh [email protected] ‘Tom tat. Bai béo nay nghién cimu vé vin dé chi phi vin chuyén trong quan If céc dy dn va loi ich 06 durge ti wu chi phi van chuyén khithye hién céc dun xiy dmg. Nehién cim tap trang stt dung giai thudt Jp tinh truyén tinh va lap céc bang tinh dé tao digu kign thu loi cho clu dé tu, mst cOng ty thong mai ‘Vigt Nam trong vige xéc dinh ké hoach vin chuyén t6i tm sao cho phi phi vin chuyén thép nhét ni hai cla hing vér ligu dén hai céng tring c6 niu cfu tigu thu vit ligu. Gia thuge due a8 wud trong tring hop ny 1A thud todn 161m. Day LA thus todn e6 didn 8 sisi quyét ede vin dB tdi um tuyn tinh. Két qua tdi dutoc kiém chimng bing phin mém excel solver. Bai béo la m6r ti ligu tham Kho t6t cho cde nha quan ly xy dumg nim 16i nu hoa chi phi va tang loi nludn khi thue hig dr én. Tir kh6a. Thuét toda don hinh, ti wu chi phi van chuyén, quan lf chi phi dy én OPTIMIZE TRANSPORTATION COSTS USING THE SIMPLEX ALGORITHM Abstract. In this paper, the author studies the problems of the shipping cost of the project, and the benefits of minimizing transportation costs in project implementation, This study highfights the application of linear programming and spreadsheet that facility managers in a Viet Nam Trading Company in determining the optimum transportation plan that leads tothe lowest transportation cost of polymer from two plants to two demand destinations. The optimization algorithm is the proposed simplex algorithm. The simplex algorithm is the classical method to solve the optimization problem of linear programming. Optimal results are vetified by excel solver software. The article is a good reference for construction managers to optimize costs and increase profits. Keywords. the simplex algorithm, optimize transportation costs, project management costs, 1 GIGLTHIEU . Vin dé ti chrge d& cp dén tr nhitmg nam 19301], bai cae nha kinh 18 trong vige gi quyét bai toan ti ny ha phan bé tai nguyen. Vige gi cac bai todn bai todn t6i um héa cn gap nhieu khé khén,thuémg chi id due céc bai todn hai bién diing gia thudt a6 thi véi céc ring bude dum gidn va s6 lung it. Tuy nhién, thre tim ds sng d6i hoi céc ky str cin pha giai quyét ede vn dé phe tap nh x a 1947 - George Bernard Dantzig(2] (8/11/1914-13/5/2005) - mot ngusi MP. thin vién cha khong lye Hoa Ky. Trong sudt chién tranb thé gis thi (1941-1947). Ong a2 @ xudt ra mot gii thst ci um dug go La thudt todn don hin, gai quyét due van dé 16i wu nhieu bien va rang bude. Day a mot phuwong phap thye sit co higu qua de giai nhimg bai todn quy hoach tuyen tinh co ¥ nghia trong thyc tign san xuat gop phan dha gai thuét lap tinh tuyén tinh duge sit dung mét céch rong fai. It hat bon gidi thong Nobel da doe tao cho ahitag déng gép 6 lién quan dén lép tinh tuyén tinh. Nhu giai thong Nobel cua L. V. Kantorovieh{3] vé kin t€ ditge trao 1975 hay T. C. Koopmans cua My vé vin dé téi uu hé thdng van chuyénf4]. Mac di c6 nbiéw giai that khéc: nbwr phtong php inh boc da doe str dung 48 giai quyét cée ‘vin dé téi um twong tu. Tuy ahiéa, v6i sé long rang bude én va bign anuc tiéu nbiéu thi phurong phép niy trérnéa khSng kha thi. Do 46, thn toda dom hinh 42 durgc pht tién trong nhiéu nam dé giai quyét van dé quy hogch tuyén tinh. Phirong php dom hinh eva Dantzig f phong phép phd bin va higu qua. Téc gid da nighién cit imag dung giai thudt nay véi sw hé tre cia cong eu Excel Solver [7] nhim giai quyét vin d8 tdi nu trong quan ly sin xudt xy dumg, gidm thiéu chi phi, rang higu qué du tw 2_GIAITHUAT DON HIN ‘BGI fodn quy hoach tuyéa tinh trong viét dud hai dang pad bién (1) 2.1 Dang chinh tac Ta c6 him ve tigu: © 2021 Tradmg Dai hoe Cong nghigp thanh phd H6 Chi Minh16 ‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GIAI THUAT DON HIN Minimize ferro) =6.5% wo ‘Gi cée diéu kign ring buée: Oeghs + yXy to og hy e 4g +g Xo to gy =D v6i Mek 20 a) trong dé ¢, by va ay (= J, 2, m7, 2, nl cde hiing s6 da bidt va x [a cdc biém co s6 thda main (3). 2.2 Dang ma tran ‘Ngodi ra, bai todn quy hogch tuyén tinh cén thé hign dori dang ma ten, him mue tiéu Minimize f=CX ® céc digu kign rang bude: “6 v6i | a—ma tran cae hing s6 cia him rng bude: X, b— ln lugt la cae vetor tip hop ca bign rang bude, x20 CC) 0 “ 2.3 Phuong phap chuyén déi vé dang chinh tic Tit dang chink tac, ta thay rang: ham mc tieu phai la dang cue tiéu, tt ca cde hm rng bude phai la dling thitc, tat ca ca bien co ban deu khdng am, Trong thue tien, c6 the ham mu tigu la cue dai, cac ham rang bude c6 thé la bat dang tht, céc bién co so 06 thé am. Do d6, ta cn c6 bude bién déi vé dang chin te cho ph hop. . 23.1 Phong phép chuyén ait him my teu Trong thre t8, him muc tiéu khdng phi hic mao eting fa cue tiéu. DSi khi ham mue ti8u la ete dai Khi 46, chting ta c6 thé ding phép bién di dé c6 doe him mu tiu nbur mong mudn. © 2021 Trong Bai hye Cong nghigp thanh phé Hé Chi Minh‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GLAITHUAT BON HiNH 7 fx) Ax) Xs, Minimum of f(x) ~N =flx) Hin 1: Cue tri hm dathite tirhinh 1, ta cé: Maximize flse%o00%,)=GX +6 9) chuyén di him mue tidu (9) v8 dang chin tie (10): Mininize 65,3503) =P % ao Minimize %.%...%,=-GH EM Gy an 2.3.2 Phuong php chuyén dat cfc ham rang bude © Tredmg hop 1: és ding hire “bé hom hode being Ta cé ring bude niur (10) bién di thin (11) vi, , 18 phn bién dirkhdng am. «ay XN tot Oaks Hua = a3) © Tredng hop 2: cée ring bude c6 dang bat ding thite “Iém hon hoae bing” Ah FQN, Fat ys, 2 Dy co) Trong trtimg hop nay durge goi Ld dom hinh kép (dual problem) (2). Ta cin bién di ma tein a tir bang dom hinh thigt 1p ban du thin ma trin chuyén a. Khi 46 him mue tiéu va cée him ring bude s8 direc bign éi nghich dio so véi ban iu, Niue viy cde ham ring bude (14) duge bién d6i than (15) dm bao théa main dang chinh tac. aye’ as) 233° Bién co-sé'cé thé mang gti tri Am . Trong thy tién, khOng phai lie nao bién co so cting la sé luén ditomg. Déi khi, yéu ci bai tod bin co's c& thé nbn gi tr dm. Khi do, ta 06 thé sir dung the th 6) trong 46 ‘Nhu vy, v6i ning phép bign déi dom gidn thi bai tofn véi cic diéu kign phite tap cé thé bin di vé dang chin ti. ‘© 2021 Truong Dai hoe Cong nghigp thanh phé H6 Chi Minh8 ‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GIAI THUAT DON HIN 24 Glai thust dow hin ‘BE gia quyét vin dé t6i um, ta thuimg kip bang don hinh. Gia sir cin t8i uw boa him mye tiéu 6 k bin co so voi n rang bude . Bure 1: Chuyen doi ve dang chin tic néu can (xem muc 2.3) Bude 2: Thiet lap bang don hinh = Thiét lip hé gém n cde ring bude. Trong 46 cb & bién co sé due xAy dumg trén 1 phurong trinh va (+k) bid, ~ (n+) bidn bao gdm bién co sé va bién kh Luv §: Him mc tiéu luén dye xép ¢ ding cuéi cing. Bude 3: Thue hién quy tinh t6i Vige thie ign ti mu c6 thé duge str dung bang céc céug cu lép tinh nbur Visual basic, Matlab, Mathcad, (Quy trinh thé hién nbn so'd6 khdi hind 2. Clunin nba che vn a ti tm dug dang ma tia ‘chin the A Dime Ini Nic dni hpsama PY ong haa ] Gia phap si dong cudi cing vu di dire tim thy C4 1 Ty I Chon ef di Aw Dimg lai Xéc dink dong 08 thea | Khong tim ahd t6 61 mu dong hoe aii php rim hong thea ‘Thue hin tinh todn t6i uu theo 6 inh 2: So d6 khéi Tit so dé kinoithiét lap o bude 3. Ta o6 thé xdy chmg liu dé cu thé cho giaithuat dom hinh dé tién cho qua trinh tinh ton nbue sau: © 2021 Trong Bai hye Cong nghigp thanh phé Hé Chi Minh‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GLAITHUAT BON HiNH 7° ii din git co bn kh thi Hiong tba | Ket qua nhin duoc li 0 Tim dong r thoa man Giéu kién kha thi zal) | Thue hia lai chu tink téi mu Hinh 3: Lim 48 cba giai thuge don hinh 2. Thudt tofn giai thust dou binh thiét 1ip trén nén Mathcad Prime Dura trén sora Kho (hinh 3), tac gia da nghién ci xAy dimg thugt giai don hinh dha trén nén tang phin mem ton hoc Mathcad Prime, Giai thuét the hign nb hinh 4, © 2021 Traimg Dai hoe Cong nghigp than phd Hé Chi Minhso ‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GIAI THUAT DON HIN StmplezMethod(M)=l[r € maz,]—|rows(M) cole(M) 0] while min | <0 mazy—M, for i, ¢ 1..(e=2) teat MM, test on 20 va Hiinh 4 — Giai thudt dom hinh trén nén tang Mathcad Prime 3_ AP DUNG TRONG CONG TRINH THY TE yg vin chy dr 2 Ko bho ba A vi ho bal B dn 2 cng tinh Iv dang i gid van chuyén 50,0004 =k . é thiét Ip lich trinh vn chnuyén dé cho cée cOng tinh dang thi céng thy theo nim céu dinh mite cta ching sao cho chi phi vin chuyén 1a thip nit. Ben canh 46, ban quan ly phai digu phdi sao cho kha nang cung © 2021 Trbng Bai hye Cong nghigp thanh phé Hé Chi Minh‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GIAI THUAT DON KINH 81 ting vit ligu xy dug khong vurgt qua kha nding cung cép cua ko bai. Voi ce s6 igu duge cung cp nine trén, Ta tiem nb thiet lap cae bién nbur sa: su the tic da tit kho bai A dn céng tri I (mt): so the tich da tir kho bai A den c6ng tri I (mv) ss the tich da tir kho bai B den c6ng trinh I (ar): s4— the tich da tit ho bai B den cng trinh Im’): Tip theo, dua trén sé ligu da cho ta tién hinh lap bang thé hign kha nang cung ting va nbu céu vat ligu tai 1m myc téu: dua vio bang 1, tao6 him chi phi t6ithiéw diva tn khoang eéch van chuyén, dom id va khoi rong vin chuyén: © = 400x, + 250x, +200x, + 350%, Che didu kign ring bude theo yéu clu cba dé bai: + Ring bude vé kha nang cung ting eta céc kho ‘Téng khoi rong dé curoe van chuyén tir kho la (x:+70), Do kha nang cung tag cua kho A khéng thé wot qué dom’: ay x,+%540 as) trong tr, di voi kho B La 4t%,520 as) # _ Ring bude vé nit cau sit dung tgi cng trinh ‘Tong khoi long van chuyén phat dap img niu cau sit dung t6i thigu tai cae cng trinh: x,t 225 (20) ¥+X,290 en Tuy nhién, cfc rang bude cha bai todn chira vé ding véi dang chinb tic (xem ume 2.1), ta cn dura chi ding dang chin tic (xem 2.3), Bong thoi, ta kip bang dom hinh a tién hain thudt todn t6i ra didi dang ma tra, Nhén din, bai ton 6 ede ring bude “2” nén thude dang don hinh kép: —1 -1 00 0-40) o 0 -1 -4 -20 Az t 0 1 0 25 2) of 0 4 30 lao0 250 200 350 1 | f-1 0 4 0 400 -1 0 0 1 250 AT=) 0 -1 1 0 200 (3) 0 -1 0 4 350 |-40 -20 25 30 14 ‘Van dé t6i uu ban dau (22) duge chuyén doi sang dang him mu teu: 3) vei him muc tiéu va cdc rang bude nghich dio Maximize P=-40y,~ 20y, + 25y, + 20y, 24) cai didu kign ring buse: +¥5 5400 TYe7 Ye $250 “yp+y, $200 “Yet YS 950 YoVooVe20 Bai toan d& din quay tro vé véi dang dom hin chinh téc quen thude. Ta bé sung thém cae phan bién dus, 1, x5 Va xs khOng am, Khi ny cdc rang bude (25) tr thank (26) “¥,4 95%, = 400 (26) {© 2021 Trudng ai hge Cong nghigp thanh phé Hé Chi Minh82 ‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GIAI THUAT DON HINH $+ ¥ = 250 ~Y,+Yy+%)=200 HYp4 Yp4X,= 350 YoVo Vo Vor% Ko X, 20 Thiét lip bang dom hinh: Yi yo ys Me x x oe P a[t 0 1 0 40000 40 R10 0 1.01000 20 RO 11 0 0010020 en RO 10 100010 0 [40 2 -2 900001 0 Dinng cfc phép bign d6i ma trén: C)-R,ER, OR, 5. 30-R, +R, > Ry es Ding cae phép bign d6i (28), ma tran (27) — (29) Mr v2 YY Mr a te me P R/-10 1010000 40 R10 0 101000 20 R,|0 1 1.000100 20 a) R11 0 000010 10 R,[10 2 25.00 300 1 7500 tigp tye, cae phép bién d6i ma trén: eikck on ta.c6: (29) — (30): yr yo ys yexr az xs P R[41 140010 400 20 R,|-100101 000 250 R/O 11000100 20 6 R}1 10000010 10 R,[10 5 000% 20 1 1250 tigp tye, cae phép bién d6i ma trén: R=R=R, RoR oR, (32) SR+R, oR, ta ¢6: (31) + (33): Pr gy eM ty ee P [4100140 100 20 R40010 14 000 250 R1010%10 000 40 @3) R,0 00010 110 300 R,|5 000.5 30 2 0 1 13500 © 2021 Trong Dai hge Cong nghigp thanh pho H@ Chi Minh‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GLAITHUAT BON HiNH 83 Bang dou hinh (33) cho ta git php ti mu: gid tr eye dai ca P et ban dau. Véy chi phi van chuyén 1 thigu a 13,500,0004. Voi phn = Chuyén 5 mm tit kho A = Chuyén 30m? tir kho A den céng trinh TI: ~ Chuyén 20 nr tit kho B den céng trinh I: 4 KIEM CHUNG KET QUA 4.1 Kiem ching ket qua sir dyng giat thugt trén nén ting Mathcad Prime Bhai bdo bang dom hinh (hin $) chin a gi tri ewe tiéu caa C (17) ali -10 1 0 1000 -10 0 1 01000250 M=|0 -1 1 0 0010 0-1 0 1 00010350) 40 20 -25 -3000001 0 inh S — Bing don hinh wong Mathcad Prime Da tn gi hut dom hinh ma tic gi AB xu §2., kt qua bai tom thé hign nh hin 6: =1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 200.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 250.00 ‘SimplezMethod(M)=| -1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 400.00} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 1.00 0.00 300.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 30.00 20.00 0.00 1.00 13500.00. inh 6 ~-Bang Két qua t6i wu dng Mathcad Prime Gia tri chi phi vn chuyén ti thidw i 13,500,0008 4.2 Sir dung cong cong cy Excel Slover dé kiém chimg két qui Excel Sover ta cing eu phiin mém facong mai deye phat trién bet cang ty cong meh phn mém Microsoft uhm 16t un cd bai todn tuyén tinh vie phi tuyén, Tae gid sie dung céng cu nay dé kiém ching ti két qua da a8-xudt bin trén. Trinh tr céic ued thuec hin ti wn trong Excel Siover nue sau: Bude 1: Khai bio cde sb ligu trong Excel Khai bdo khodng céch van chuyén gitta cic kho va céng tinh: 4 F =a KHOANG CACH VAN CHUYEN 1 (dom vm) ‘Cong win 2 | Kho E E a A 8 s A B ‘ 7 Hinh 7: Khoang céeh gita eée kho va eng tinh Khai bdo ham mue tiéu va ede ring bude: © 2021 Trwong Bai hgc Cong nghigp thanh pho H@ Chi Minh8 ‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GIAI THUAT DON HIN 44 . co id ee ; se) : | case esr : A = ssessreK) 2 | as ; sean Db» aa 17 |Dow git vin chuyén (11000 VNB. 0 who Tiheeg ane 25 wine Hin 8: Khai bdo cOng thie ham mye tiu va céc ring bude véi 5 ligu gi dinh ban du Bube 2: Thiét lap ede thong sé trong Excel Solver Hinh 9; Thigt ip cdc thong s6 wong Excel Solver Bude 3: Xudat két qua tic Excel Solver 4 A 8 cj od 1) a | 13800 iar eb ngeyeay 2) 3s s 40 3 | Céc ring 20 s 20 a] bee 25 2 | s| 30 2 30 Hiinh 10; Bang két qua ti uu cia gia tr him mye tu va cae ring bude twong ing © 2021 Trong Bai hye Cong nghigp thanh phé Hé Chi Minh‘TOLUU CHI PHI VAN CHUYEN DUNG GLAITHUAT BON HiNH 8s ‘inh 11: $6 lugt chuyén ehé 161 vu Tu ricuvgsenvés 1 ion!) cere) [oo 5 * s |» 5 . w [eo ink 12: The toh wn chuyén tS ma 5 KETLUAN ‘Két qua cho thiy giai thuét dom hinh ma tic gia da dé xudt én néa tang Mathcad Prime cho két qua the sir t6i mu trong vie giai cfc vin dé ruyén tinh, gid thudt dom gin, Doan code may cé thé tich hop code cho cede bai toan 161 wu Idn hon. Két qua kiém chimg cho thay nghiém t6i wu thu duoc 1a chinh xée khi gidi kiém chiimg bing phin mém thuemg mai Excel Solver. Qua bai bai béo, te gia hy vong nghién cim sé La ti ligu tham kivio cho cdc sinh vign, hoc vien cao hoc, nd quan 1... quan tm dn vin dé 181 mm. Tuy nhin, code do tic gid xuat cén han ché nur chueatich hop céng cu chuyén déi vé dang chinh tie, tich hop vige nhiip Jig ho tre dinh deng pho bign nb text (.txt) hay Microsoft Excel (xl). TATLIEU THAMKHAO [i] ingireu s, Rao, Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, Fourth ohn Wiley & Sons, 2009. [2] Raymond A. Barner, Michael R. Ziegler, nd Kat! E.Byleen, Finite Mathematics for Business, Economies Life Sciences, and Soca! Sconces, Thirteenth, Pearson Eaton, 2015, [3] L. V. Kantorovich, “Mathematical Methods of Organizing and Planning Production,” Manage. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 366-122, 1960 [4] T. C. Koopmans, “Optimum Utilization of the Transportation System,” Econometrica, vol. 17, pp. 136-146, 1949, doi: 10.2307/1907301, [5] M. W. P, Harlan Crowder, “Solving large-scale symmetric traveling salesman problems to optimality." Manage. ‘Sei., vol. 26, pp. 495-509, 1980. [6] Alexander Solodov and Valery Ochkov, Differential models: 4n introduction with mathcad. Springer Beclin Heidelberg, 2005, [7] M. Harmon, Step-By-Step Optimization with Excel Solver. 2011. Negi mh bai:16/12/2020 Nady ehdp mhgn dang: 0605/2021 ‘© 2021 Truong Dai hoe Cong nghigp thanh phé H6 Chi Minh