Linear Equations

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Definition
 The general form of a linear equation is:
Ax + By = C
Examples:
 find A, B & C
(1) x + 4y = 6
 A= 1 B= 4 C= 6
3 −3
(2) y= −1
2x −4 1 2 x+y= 4

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 −3
 Then A = 1
2, B= 1 , C=
4
 How to Graph a linear equation:
 Intercept Method:
 To graph a linear equation you need to substitute (X) by zero
to get (Y) & substitute (Y) by zero to get (X), to get two
points.

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 Examples: Graph: (1) y= x – 4
 Step1: let x = 0 so the point is (0, -4)
Y= 0 – 4 ∴y=–4
 Let y = 0  0 = x – 4 ∴ x = 4
So the point is (4, 0)

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 Step2:

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 (2) y = –2 x + 6

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 Step1: let x= 0 (0, 6)
Let y= 0 (3, 0)
 Step2:

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 (3) y= 3x

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 Step1: let x= 0 (0, 0)
Let y= 0 (0, 0)
 Step2:

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 (4) y= 4
 Step1: there is no (x) here, so we have only
one point which is (0, 4) and it will
be horizontal line.
 Step2:

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 (5) x = 5

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 Step1: there is no (y) here, so we have only
one point which is (5, 0) and it will
be vertical line.
 Step2:

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`
 How to get the slope and the equation:
 Rules:

y −y
m= x2 − x1  to get the slope from two points.
2 1
y – y1 = m (x – x1)  to get the equation.

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Example:
 Find the equation of a line passing through:
a) (0, 4) , (2, 2)
b) (2, 6) , (1, 4)

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 Solution:
y2 − y1
(a) Step1: find m= x − x
2 1
2−4 −2
m= 2−0
= 2
= – 1
 Step2: Substitute in y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 4 = -1 (x – 0)
y–4=–x
∴y = – x + 4

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 y2 − y1
 (b) Step1: find m=
x2 − x1
4−6 −2
M= 1−2
= −1 =2
Step2: substitute in the equation:
y – y1 = m (x – x1)
y – 6 = 2 (x – 2)
y–6=2x–4
∴y = 2 x + 2

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 Parallel and per perpendicular lines:
* Parallel lines  Two lines are parallel if and only if they
have the same slope or are both vertical m1=
m2
• perpendicular lines  Two lines with slopes m1 and m2
are perpendicular to each other if and only if
−1
m2 =
m1

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 Examples:
* Show that the following two lines are parallel:
(1) Line (1) 3x–y=0
Line (2) 2y=6x–4

(2) Line (1) 3y – x = 10

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 Solution:
(1) Step1: convert the equations to this form
y = mx + b
Line (1) -y = -3x + 0 y = 3x + 0
Line (2) y = 3x – 2
Step2: get m1, and m2
from the first equation from the second
equation
m1= 3 m2= 3
∵ m1 = m2
∴ The two lines are parallel.

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(2) Step1: convert the equations to this form
Y= mx + b
1 10
Line (1) 3y= x + 10  y= x+
3 3
2 4 1 2
Line (2) y= 6 x –6  y= 3 x – 3
Step2: get m1 and m2
1 1
M1= m2=
3 3
∵ m1 = m2
∴ The two lines are parallel.

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 Perpendicular:
Example: Show that the following two lines are perpendicular.
Line (1) y – 3x = 5
Line (2) 3y + x = 7
Solution:
Step1:-
Line (1) y= 3x + 5
−1 7
Line (2) y= x–
3 3
Step2:-
−1
m1 = 3 m2 = 3
−1
∵ m2=
m1
∴ The two lines are perpendicular.
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 Assignment (1)
(A) Graph the following equations: -
1) y= x + 5 2) x + 3y = 6
3) x = y 4) 4 x = 5 y
5) 2 x + 2 y =6 6) 2 x = 4y + 8
7) x = 10 8) y = 3

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 (B) Find the slope and the equation of a line
passing through the following points:
1) (3, 2) (7, 10) 2) (-2, 10) (5, 3)
3) (6, -2) (8, -3) 4) (2, -4) (3, -4)
5) 5, 3) (4, -2) 6) (0, -4) (3, 6)
7) (5, -2) (4, -2) 8) (1, -7) (9, 0)

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 (C) Find the equation that has the indicated
properties:
1) Passes through (-1, 7) and has slope (-5).
2) Passes through the origin and has slope (75).
−1
3) Passes through (-5, 5) and has slope ( ).
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4) Has slope (2) and y – intercept (4).
−1
5) Has slope ( )and y – intercept (-3).
2
−1
6) Has slope zero and y – intercept ( ).
2
7) Passing through (2, 3) and parallel to y= 4 x + 3
8) Passing through (3, -4) and parallel to y= 3+ 2x

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