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Myenuddin Exp-06

This experiment determined the amount of ferrous iron in a solution using a standard potassium dichromate solution. The ferrous iron underwent oxidation by dichromate in a redox reaction. The endpoint was identified using a redox indicator which changes color at a specific oxidation potential. By titrating a 10 mL sample of the ferrous iron solution, the average dichromate volume was found to be 9.7 mL. Calculations then determined the ferrous iron content to be 5.41745 g/L, with a 4.79% error compared to the known value. Proper technique was needed to obtain accurate results.

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34 views7 pages

Myenuddin Exp-06

This experiment determined the amount of ferrous iron in a solution using a standard potassium dichromate solution. The ferrous iron underwent oxidation by dichromate in a redox reaction. The endpoint was identified using a redox indicator which changes color at a specific oxidation potential. By titrating a 10 mL sample of the ferrous iron solution, the average dichromate volume was found to be 9.7 mL. Calculations then determined the ferrous iron content to be 5.41745 g/L, with a 4.79% error compared to the known value. Proper technique was needed to obtain accurate results.

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Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Course : CHEM 114


Experiment No: 06
Experiment Name: Determination of Ferrous Iron by Standard Potassium
Dichromate Solution.

Date Of performance: 21/11/2020 Name: Myenuddin


Date Of Submission: 28/11/2020 Student ID: 1806171
Dept: EEE
Section : C2
Objective:
This experiment is to determine the ferrous iron by a standard potassium
dichromate solution. By doing so, we also can understand the use of
Nernst equation in redox titration, use of redox indicator for the
detection of end point.

Theory: The amount of iron in a supplied solution is determined with the


help of standard potassium dichromate. The reaction that occurs in this
experiment is oxidation and reduction reaction.
Oxidation-reduction reactions are those in which there is a net
change in the oxidation number. Or in other word an oxidation-reduction
reaction(redox) is a reaction in which electrons are transferred between
species or in which atoms change oxidation numbers. Oxidation is the
half reaction in which there is loss of electrons by a species(or increase of
oxidation number of an atom). Reduction is the half reaction in which
there is a gain of electrons by a species( or decrease of oxidation number
of an atom).

The Nernst equation is an equation that relates the reduction potential


of an electrochemical reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) to the
standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (often
approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing
reduction and oxidation. Phosphoric acid is added to reduce the
+ 3+
reduction potential of Fe3+/Fe2 . Phosphoric acid remove Fe from solution by
+ 0
forming [Fe(HPO4)] and reduces E according to Nernst equation .

Redox indicator changes its color when the oxidation potential of the
titrated solution reaches a definite value .
The Nernst equation for this half-reaction is:

The indicator’s colour changes from that of Inox to that of Inred when the
ratio [In ]red/[In ]ox changes from 0.1 to 10, then the end point occurs
when the solution’s potential is within the range.
Re-
actions:

In this reaction, Fe+2 is oxidized into Fe+3. And Cr2O7-2 is reduced to Cr+3.

From the above reaction we get:


1 equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7  1 equivalent weight of Fe+2
1000 ml (N) K2Cr2O7 solution  1000 ml (N) ferrous iron solution
 1 atomic weight of iron
So, 1000 ml (N) K2Cr2O7 solution should be equivalent to one gram
atomic weight that is 55.855 gram of iron. Therefore,
1 ml of (N) K2Cr2O7  0.5585 gram of iron
So, the weight of iron in the supplied solution may then be easily
calculated using the above relation.

Apparatus:
• Analytical Balance
• Volumetric flask
• Conical flask
• Burette
• Pipette
• Measuring Cylinder (5mL, 50mL)
• Pipette filler
• Funnel
Chemicals:
• Mohr salt [(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O] solution
• 2N H2SO4
• Conc. Phosphoric acid
• Dry K2Cr2O7
• Diphenyl amine solution
• DI water
Experimental Data:
Table: Determination of Ferrous Iron by Standard Potassium Dichromate Solution

Observation Volume of Burette reading Difference of Average volume


Mohr (mL) of K2Cr2O7
salt Burette mL
No. (mL)
reading, mL
Initial Final (B-A)
reading reading
(A) (B)
1 0.1 9.9 9.8
2 9.9 19.6 9.7 9.7
10
3 19.6 29.3 9.7

Calculation:
Concentration of potassium dichromate = 0.1N
Volume of Fe2+ solution = 10 mL

Average volume of K2Cr2O7 solution = 9.7 mL

1mL 1N K2Cr2O7 ≡ 0.05585 g Fe2+


9.7mL 0.1N K2Cr2O7 ≡ (0.05585*9.7*0.1) g Fe2+
≡ 0.0541745 g Fe2+

Therefore, 1L supplied Mohr salt solution contains

0.0541745×1𝐿 2+
≡ = 5.41745 g Fe
10𝑚𝐿

Results:

The amount of iron (in gm) present in the supplied Fe+2 solution
(per litre) is : 5.41745 g / L of Fe2+
Error Analysis:
( Known Value – Observed Value ) X 100

Percentage of error =

Known value

Known amount of iron = 5.690 gm


Observed amount of iron = 5.417 gm
Percentage of error = 4.79%

Discussion:

If any air bubble enters the burette while pouring acid, air bubble should
be removed by dropping out the solution forcibly until the air bubble is
out of the burette. Or else, the presence of air bubble will hamper the
reading of the volume. At first the burette was cleaned with distilled
water carefully; then it was rinsed with rinse solution to avoid the density
change of the given solution. In the same way the pipette was also
washed with distilled water and rinsed with the rinse solution. All the
apparatus were handled carefully and according to the rules.
The pipette was kept on a clean sheet of paper.
The key of the burette was operated carefully to make sure that one-
drop of Acid falls into the conical flask at a time.
The conical flask was kept on a white paper to trace the color change of
the solution.
After completing experiment proper cleaning steps must be taken.

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