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Sheet 5

This document contains 7 problems about digital communication and random processes: 1. It asks for the minimum sampling frequency needed for perfect reconstruction of a signal with a given bandwidth, both with and without a guard band. 2. It asks about the Fourier transform and reconstruction filter for a signal sampled and reconstructed with an arbitrary pulse shape. 3. It asks about the power spectrum and reconstruction of a signal generated by linear interpolation of samples. 4. It asks about representing a signal as an orthogonal expansion using sinc functions and the reconstruction relation. 5. It asks about the quantization levels and bandwidth needed to achieve a given SQNR for a random process with a given autocorrelation function.

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19 views

Sheet 5

This document contains 7 problems about digital communication and random processes: 1. It asks for the minimum sampling frequency needed for perfect reconstruction of a signal with a given bandwidth, both with and without a guard band. 2. It asks about the Fourier transform and reconstruction filter for a signal sampled and reconstructed with an arbitrary pulse shape. 3. It asks about the power spectrum and reconstruction of a signal generated by linear interpolation of samples. 4. It asks about representing a signal as an orthogonal expansion using sinc functions and the reconstruction relation. 5. It asks about the quantization levels and bandwidth needed to achieve a given SQNR for a random process with a given autocorrelation function.

Uploaded by

ahmedmohamedn92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECEN462 Sheet 5

Digital Communication Random Processes

1. (Problem 7.2 Proakis) For a lowpass signal with a bandwidth of 6000 Hz, what is the
minimum sampling frequency for perfect reconstruction of the signal? What is the
minimum required sampling frequency if a guard band of 2000 Hz is required? If the
reconstruction lter has the frequency response

K
 |f | < 7000
H(f ) = K − K |f |−7000
3000
7000 < |f | < 10, 000
otherwise

0

what is the minimum required sampling frequency and the value of K for perfect
reconstruction?
2. (Problem 7.4 Proakis) The lowpass signal x(t) with a bandwidth of W is sampled
with a sampling interval of Ts , and the signal
∞
X
xp (t) = x (nTs ) p (t − nTs )
n=−∞

is reconstructed from the samples, where p(t) is an arbitrary-shaped pulse (not nec-
essarily time limited to the interval [0, Ts ]).
(a) Find the Fourier transform of xp (t).
(b) Find the conditions for perfect reconstruction of x(t) from xp (t).
(c) Determine the required reconstruction lter.
3. (Problem 7.6 Proakis) A lowpass signal x(t) with bandwidth W is sampled with a
sampling interval Ts , and the sampled values are denoted by x (nTs ). A new signal
x1 (t) is generated by linear interpolation of the sampled values, i.e.,

t − nTs
x1 (t) = x (nTs ) + [x ((n + 1)Ts ) − x (nTs )] nTs ≤ t ≤ (n + 1)Ts .
Ts

(a) Find the power spectrum of x1 (t).


(b) Under what conditions can the original signal be reconstructed from the sampled
signal and what is the required reconstruction lter?
4. (Problem 7.8 Proakis) Let W be arbitrary and x(t) be a lowpass signal with a band-
width W .
(a) Show that the set of signals {ϕn (t)}∞
n=−∞ , where ϕn = sinc (2W t − n) represents
an orthogonal signal set. How should these signals be weighted to generate an
orthonormal set?
(b) Conclude that the reconstruction from the samples relation
∞
x (nTs ) sinc (2W t − n)
X
x(t) =
n=−∞

is an orthogonal expansion relation.


ECEN462 Sheet 5
Digital Communication Random Processes

(c) From Part (b), show that for all n


Z ∞
x(t)sinc (2W t − n) dt = Kx (nTs ) ,
−∞

and nd K .
5. (Problem 7.15 Proakis) A stationary random process has an autocorrelation func-
A2
tion given by RX (τ ) = e−|τ | cos (2πf0 τ ); we know that the random process never
2
exceeds 6 in magnitude. Assume that A = 6.
(a) How many quantization levels are required to guarantee an SQNR of at least 60
dB?
(b) Assuming that the signal is quantized to satisfy the condition of Part (a) and
assuming the approximate bandwidth of the signal is W , what is the minimum
required bandwidth for the transmission of a binary PCM signal based on this
quantization scheme?
6. (Problem 7.18 Proakis) The random process X(t) is dened by X(t) = Y cos (2πf0 t + Θ),
where Y and are two independent random variables, Y uniform on [−3, 3] and Θ uni-
form on [0, 2π].
(a) Find the autocorrelation function of X(t) and its power spectral density.
(b) If X(t) is to be transmitted to maintain an SQNR of at least 40 dB using a
uniform PCM system, what is the required number of bits/sample and the least
bandwidth requirement (in terms of f0 )?
(c) If the SQNR is to be increased by 24 dB, how many more bits/sample must be
introduced, and what is the new minimum bandwidth requirement in this case?
7. (Problem 7.22 Proakis) The power spectral density of a WSS information source is
shown below (the unit of power spectral density is W/Hz). The maximum amplitude
of this signal is 200.

(a) What is the power in this process?


(b) Assume that this signal is transmitted using a uniform PCM system with 512
quantization levels, what is the resulting SQNR in decibels and what is the
minimum required transmission bandwidth if in sampling the signal a guard
band of 1 kHz is used?
(c) If the available transmission bandwidth is 47 kHz, design a PCM system that
achieves the highest possible SQNR and utilizes the maximum guard band.

Page 2

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