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CMS Physics Investigatory Project

This document describes a physics experiment conducted by a 12th grade student named Biswajit Dutta to study the factors that determine the self-inductance of a coil. The experiment involves measuring the current through and brightness of a bulb connected in series with a coil having an adjustable iron core, when powered by an AC source of varying frequency. The results show that the coil's self-inductance and corresponding bulb brightness decrease when an iron core is inserted or the frequency is increased.

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biswajitdutta05sep
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183 views

CMS Physics Investigatory Project

This document describes a physics experiment conducted by a 12th grade student named Biswajit Dutta to study the factors that determine the self-inductance of a coil. The experiment involves measuring the current through and brightness of a bulb connected in series with a coil having an adjustable iron core, when powered by an AC source of varying frequency. The results show that the coil's self-inductance and corresponding bulb brightness decrease when an iron core is inserted or the frequency is increased.

Uploaded by

biswajitdutta05sep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

CENTRAL MODEL SCHOOL

BARRACKPORE
AISSCE,CBSE.

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
REPORT

NAME:BISWAJIT DUTTA
CLASS:12
BOARD ROLL NO. :
SUBJECT:PHYSICS

CERTIFICATE:-
This is to certify that BISWAJIT DUTTA , student of
CLASS-XII SCIENCE (E) has successfully completed
research on the project “TO study the factor on
which the self inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil, when put in series
with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.”. Under the
guidance of Mr. Debottam Dutta in particular
fulfilment of the curriculum of Central Board of
Secondary Education leading to award of annual
examination of the year.

o SUBJECT TEACHER:
o EXTERNAL TEACHER:
o PRINCIPAL:
AIM:-

To study the factor on which the self


inductance of a coil depends by observing the
effect of this coil, when put in series with a
resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.

APPARATUS:-

A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable


frequency, an electrical bulb, (6V) a.c.
ammeter of suitable range rheostat, a soft iron
rod, one way key, connecting wires etc.
THEORY:-
Self inductance is the property of a coil
which opposes the change in current through
it. The self inductance of a coil (long
solenoid) is

µ0 µ𝑟 𝑁2 𝐴
L=
𝑙

where µ𝑟 = Relative magnetic permeability of


magnetic material,
µ
µ𝑟 =
µ0
N = Total number of turns in solenoid

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid

l = length of solenoid.
Hence, the self inductance depends upon:

1. No. of turns (N) , L α N²


𝟏
2. Geometry of coil, L α A, L α
𝒍
3. Nature of core material, L α µ

When an inductor is connected in series with


a resistor (bulb) with a variable source of
frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is

𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
𝑍

Where Z = √𝑅2 + 𝜔2𝐿2 = Impedance of the a.c.

circuit. Here

R = Resistance of the bulb

L = Self inductance of coil

𝜔 = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.


The brightness of bulb i.e., Heat generated in
the bulb is

2
H= 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 Zt
𝐻
P= 2
= 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 Z
𝑡

2 √𝑅2 + 𝜔2𝐿2
P = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
PROCEDURE:-
1. Make all connections as shown in the
circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the


current in the circuit by using the variable
resistor ( 𝑅ℎ ).

3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see


the brightness of bulb.

4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the


conductor core & record the current in a.c.
ammeter & again check the brightness of
bulb. The current & brightness both
decreases.

5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the


frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V
by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current &
brightness both will increase.

7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil


& note the current & brightness. The current
& brightness both decreases.

8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different


frequency of a.c. source.

OBSERVATIONS:-
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.

2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.

3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A.
S.NO Frequency Current in Current in
of applied ammeter ammeter with
voltage without iron iron rod in
(Hz) rod in coil (A) coil (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4

RESULT:-
1. The current in the circuit decrease on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage &
brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage
& vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.

PRECAUTIONS:-
1. The coil should have large number of
turns.

2. Current should be passed for a small time


to avoid the heating effect.

SOURCES OF ERRORS:-
1. The resistance of circuit may increase
slightly due to heating effect of current.

2. There may be eddy current in soft iron


coil.
INDEX

S.NO CONTENTS

2. APPARATUS

3. THEORY & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4. PROCEDURE

5. OBSERVATION

6. RESULT

7. PRECAUTIONS

8. SOURCES OF ERRORS

9. REFERENCE
Reference:-
1.Wikipedia.org
2. Google.com
3.Earthphysics.com
4. Scribd.com

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