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Materials 16 03293 v2 - Part1

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Materials 16 03293 v2 - Part1

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Minh Sơn - HN
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materials

Editorial
Advances in Sheet Metal Forming Processes of
Lightweight Alloys
Mateusz Kopec 1 and Denis J. Politis 2, *

1 Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5B,


02-106 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected]
2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
* Correspondence: [email protected]

With the continuously growing need for more fuel-efficient and sustainable vehicles,
the characterization and modeling of metal-forming processes have been indispensable
in the development of new products. In the automotive and aviation sector, low-strength
structural components are commonly produced from aluminum alloys, and higher-strength
structural components are made from ultra-high-strength steels (UHSSs) and titanium
alloys. The main issue experienced during the hot forming of complex-shaped components
from difficult-to-form alloys is that they are time-, energy-, and cost-intensive. The aircraft
industry currently uses methods such as superplastic forming (SPF), superplastic forming
with diffusion bonding (SPF-DB), hot stretch forming, hot gas-pressure forming, and
isothermal hot forming. Moreover, novel techniques have been developed to produce
complex-shaped structural components including solution heat treatment, forming and
in-die quenching (HFQ), quick-plastic forming, hot stamping using rapid heating, and fast
light alloy stamping technology (FAST).
This Special Issue covered a wide range of topics, including novel materials (HSLA
steel [1], titanium alloys [2–5], magnesium [6,7]), forming techniques (single-point incremen-
tal forming [8], magnetic pulse forming [9], rigid-flexible sequential loading forming [10]),
and advanced predictive models [1,5,9,11] developed for such processes.
Behrens et al. [1] presented experimental and numerical investigations on HSLA steel
friction drilling in which the temperature, strain rate, and rolling direction-dependent
tensile tests of the HSLA HX220 were executed and used to parametrize the Johnson–Cook
hardening and failure models. Further, the experiments were numerically modelled using
Citation: Kopec, M.; Politis, D.J.
different methods. Since the comparison of the simulations and the experiments showed a
Advances in Sheet Metal Forming
good agreement, it was assumed that the methods used for the material characterization
Processes of Lightweight Alloys.
and modelling were appropriate.
Materials 2023, 16, 3293. https://
Dang et al. [2] investigated dynamic softening and hardening behavior and microstruc-
doi.org/10.3390/ma16093293
ture evolution of the TC31 titanium alloy during high-temperature tensile deformation. The
Received: 5 April 2023 authors conclude that the TC31 titanium alloy exhibited clear softening behavior during hot
Accepted: 16 April 2023 tensile deformation at a temperature of 850 ◦ C and a strain rate of 0.001 s−1 ~0.1 s−1 , with
Published: 22 April 2023 an increase in the deformation temperature to 950 ◦ C~1000 ◦ C and an increase in the strain
rate to 0.1 s−1 discontinuous yielding occurred, and quasi-steady flow appeared at a tem-
perature of 950 ◦ C~1000 ◦ C and a strain rate of 0.01 s−1 , with a decrease in the strain rate to
0.001 s−1 , resulting in a slight dynamic hardening phenomenon. Furthermore, the authors
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
observed significant microstructural changes when the deformation temperature increased
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
from 850 ◦ C to 950 ◦ C. It was found that the volume fraction of the β phase increased
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
from 20% to 41% after it deformed to a strain of 0.7 with a strain rate of 0.01 s−1 , whereas
conditions of the Creative Commons
the volume fraction of voids was significantly reduced from 11.2% to less than 1%. Since
Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// the increased fraction of the β phase at higher temperatures improved the deformation
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ compatibility and reduced the void damage, a relatively high deformation temperature was
4.0/). recommended for the forming of complex TC31 titanium alloy components to avoid void

Materials 2023, 16, 3293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093293 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials

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