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GR 9-PT2 - Revision Sheet (2023)

This document provides an introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) including definitions, merits and demerits of AI, examples of AI applications in different domains, ethics of AI, and the AI project cycle. It defines AI as building machines and algorithms capable of human-like cognitive functions. It discusses how AI uses large amounts of data and algorithms to learn automatically from patterns. It also summarizes some key differences between human and artificial intelligence.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
53 views7 pages

GR 9-PT2 - Revision Sheet (2023)

This document provides an introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) including definitions, merits and demerits of AI, examples of AI applications in different domains, ethics of AI, and the AI project cycle. It defines AI as building machines and algorithms capable of human-like cognitive functions. It discusses how AI uses large amounts of data and algorithms to learn automatically from patterns. It also summarizes some key differences between human and artificial intelligence.

Uploaded by

aavaniragesh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1:Introduction to AI

Definition : AI is building machines and algorithms which are capable of performing computational tasks
that would otherwise require human like brain functions .
AI=DATA +ALGORITHMS
Merits Demerits
AI is the need of the hour AI causes more problems than it solves:
AI provides more learning AI is necessarily dehumanizing.
AI makes our life easier: AI will necessarily increase inequality:
User friendly. AI will reduce jobs available for humans.
Will require less labour force
AI in UAE
The world’s first university for artificial intelligence (AI) has been launched at Masdar City in Abu Dhabi.
His Excellency Omar Sultan Al Olama has been appointed as Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence in
October 2017, and then was appointed as Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy and
Remote Work Applications in July 2020.
Artificial intelligence versus Human intelligence
There are a lot of differences between artificial intelligence and human intelligence some of them are
1) AI is artificial in nature whereas human intelligence, is natural.
2)Human decision making is based on cognition. AI uses model that try to mimic human behavior.
3)Human decision- making can be biased, but the decision making of AI will be free from bias.
4) Human intelligence is general-purpose,i.e; capable of performing different task artificial intelligence
systems can only perform the specific tasks .
Domains of AI.
1.Data Science :An AI system needs to learn from data in order to be able to fulfill its function. AI works
by combining large amounts of data with fast, iterative processing and intelligent algorithms, allowing the
software to learn automatically from patterns or features in the data.
Practice:1)Quickdraw: This is a game built with machine learning. As you draw, a neural network tries to
guess what you’re drawing.
2)Rock Paper Scissor :The movements of human will ultimately repeat themselves, and computer identify
patterns within the data.
2.Natural Language Processing;NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction
between computers and humans using the natural language. The ultimate objective of NLP is to read,
decipher, understand, and make sense of the human languages in a manner that is valuable. Natural-
language-processing programs use artificial intelligence to allow a user to communicate with a computer in
the user's natural language. Computer languages are artificial languages, invented for the sake of
communicating instructions to computers and enabling them to communicate with each other.
A few examples of NLP that people use every day are: Spell check, Voice text messaging Practice: Mystery
Animal: A game based on Natural Language Processing where the participant has to guess the animal by
asking maximum 20 questions to AI. The animal randomly gets selected for each game by AI and the
machine replies in either yes or no.
3.Computer vision Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that trains computers to interpret and
understand the visual world. Machines can accurately identify and locate objects then react to what they
“see” using digital images from cameras, videos, and deep learning models.Computer vision, an AI
technology that allows computers to understand and label images, is now used in convenience stores,
driverless car testing, daily medical diagnostics, and in monitoring the health of crops and livestock.
Practice:. Emoji Scavenger Hunt: A game based on Computer Vision where the machine initiates the game
by showing an emoji. The participant is expected to show a similar object in-front of the camera while the
machine keeps on guessing what is being shown to it.
AI Relate
 Smart City: Cities that have digital technology embedded across all city functions.
*Objectives: Efficient infrastructure, quality of life, smart solutions, clean and sustainable environment
*Components: smart governance, smart living, smart mobility, smart economy, smart environment, smart
people
 Smart Home:
Homes remotely controlled with AI manged or powered with technology to control the devices /systems
using IOT.
AI Purpose
This world is the home for life of people, plants and animals. The materials and resources that the planet
provides helps us to sustain life.In order to build a better world for everyone it is important that we take
care to conserve, preserve and protect our Shelter and the life of those in this world. The Member States of
the United Nations have agreed to achieve 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.
AI Possibilities
 Soft skills:1)Team Work 2) Problem solving 3)Interpersonal skills
4)Communication skills 5)Leadership skills
 Techncal Skills:1)Tele surgery2)chatbot designers 3) deep learning
 Specific careers:1)Data Scientist 2) Research scientist 3)Business intelligence
developer ,4)machine learning engineer
Application in different industries(Self Study)
 Transport
 Health
 Security
 Education
 Entertainment
 Service
Artificial intelligence in transport
Road transport is one of the sectors where AI has most successfully been applied. Worldwide, automotive
manufacturers, technology firms and research groups are exploring AI technologies to develop automated
vehicles for use in commercial as well as personal transportation. Such vehicles are based on a variety of
sensors (such as GPS, cameras, radar), in combination with actuators (devices which transform an input
signal into motion), control units and software. Some of these technologies only take over certain driving
functions (like parking), others are intended to completely replace the human driver.
Artificial intelligence in health
Artificial intelligence can be counted on for early detection of many diseases, including cancer. According
to Nature Methods magazine, Scientists have used artificial intelligence to predict how cancers will progress
and evolve. This could help doctors to create the most effective treatment for each patient.According to the
World Health Organisation, artificial intelligence technologies and data analysis can be used extensively to
tackle widespread epidemics and serious diseases.Digital technologies, machine learning and Artificial
Intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing the fields of medicine, research and public health. Artificial
intelligence in climate change
The natural resources increasingly under pressure and climate change representing a long-term challenge to
both humankind and the natural environment.Climate change is exacerbating the water scarcity challenge, as
for each degree of global warming, approximately 7 per cent of the global population is projected to be
exposed to a decrease of renewable water resources. Climate change is the biggest challenge facing the
planet. It will need every solution possible, including technology like artificial intelligence (AI),Machine
learning can be deployed, including energy production, CO2 removal, education, solar geo-engineering, and
finance.
AI Ethics

 Ethics are the rules or moral standards that help us in determining what is wrong and what is right.
 Ethics of AI lies in the quality of prediction, end outcomes drawn out and impact on humans
 The ethical concerns of artificial intelligence are:Inclusion ,Privacy and Bias.
 Boon and Bane of AI systems
Boon Bane
More learning AI is necessarily dehumanizing
Making our life easier AI will necessarily increase inequality
User friendly: AI will reduce jobs available for humans
Will require less labour force:
AI Project cycle Introduction and Problem Scoping
AI Project Cycle
In an AI project development, the AI Project Cycle provides us with an organized plan for
breaking down the task of program development into manageable modules.
The AI Project Cycle mainly have 5 stages:

1 Problem Scoping- It refers to the understanding of the problem and finding out various
factors which affect the problem.
2 Data acquisition- It is the process of collection of data accurately and it must be reliable
to work.
3. Data Exploration- Process of refining the gathered data which needs to be arrange
uniformly for better understanding .
4. Modelling- It means to present the results of the modern researches in AI .To build an AI
based project, we need to work around AI models or algorithms.
5. Evaluation-It is the method of understanding the reliability of an AI Model. It is based on
the outputs which is received by feeding the test data to model and comparing the output
with the actual answers.

I. Problem Scoping
Problem scoping is the first stage of AI project cycle. lets understand the goals of the problem .
 It is the first phase after identifying the problem in developing AI project.
This is we identify the project and set goals that we want our project to
achieve.
 It can be thought as a part of problem-definition phase of AI Project. All other
phases of AI Project cycle follow this phase, without proper problem scoping
everything else will fail.
 Incorrect problem scoping is one of the most common reason for
project failures& delays.

Steps of Problem Scoping


1. Receiving/Identifying the problem.
2. Goal Setting
3. Identification of Stakeholders
4. Identifying the Existing Measures
5. Identifying the Ethical Concerns
How to begin:
 You will be selecting a theme.
 Then look inside the theme and find out topics where problems exist,
Need to understand the vastness of a theme because of which one needs
to go deeper.
 After listing down the topics, you will then find out various problems which exist
under them. These problems will now be very specific as they have been
narrowed down from a broader perspective.
 Now select any one problem out of the ones they scoped and write it as the
goal of tthe project.
 Now you should have clear vision as to what exactly are you looking
forward to

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
I.Objective type Questions.
1. Which one of the following is an application of AI?
a. Remote controlled Drone b. Self-Driving Car
c. Self-Service Kiosk d. Self-Watering Plant System
2. This language is easy to learn and is one of the most popular language for AI today:
a. C++ b. Python c. Ruby d. Java
3. . This field is enabling computers to identify and process images like humans do:
a. Face Recognition b. Model-view-controller
c. Computer Vision d. Eye-in-Hand System
4. What does NLP stand for in AI?
a. Neutral Learning Projection b. Neuro-Linguistic Programming
c. Natural Language Processing d. Neural Logic Presentationf:
5. This is a program that allows the computer to simulate conversation with a human
being:
a. Speech Application Program Interface b. Chatbot
c. Voice Recognition d. Speech Recognition
II. Subjective type questions.
1) Define AI.
2) Compare and contrast artificial intelligence versus human intelligence?
3) Name any two major concerns related to the adaptation of the AI system.
4) Explain Artificial intelligence with a real word example.
5) List the different domains of AI.
6) Define the terms and give one example of each.
a)Data Science b) NLP c)Computer Vision
7) Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision and Data for AI are quite distinct from each other but they
together constitute the concept of Artificial Intelligence.” Do you agree with the following statement?
Justify your answer with a real world application of AI.
8) Do you think that you are also responsible in making this world a better place or are you
satisfied with the things happening around you?. Based on any SDG ,suggest AI solutions
9) What do you understand by the term AI ethics. How is it classified?
10) AI can improve the following sectors. Write 2 examples of each.
- Transportation -Health - Entertainment -Climate change
11)What do you mean by Sustainable Development Goals? Why these goals are adopted?
12) What do you mean by smart home? Explain any two smart elements in your smart home.
13) Explain how AI system provide the best result for following sustainable development goals.
a)Affordable Clean Energy b)Decent work and Economy c)Zero hunger
14) Write the sustainable development goal involved in following tasks and how AI can help to achieve that:
a)Mr.Dhruv is visiting all public places like railway terminals, bus terminals, and temples of his city and
serving food to the people there.
b) There is in sufficient research in one field in AI. Can you identify and relate the same with Sustainable
Development Goal?
15) Mr. Ashok Bhatt is developing an assistance bot for his office. He need to complete following task through
this bot-Bot should provide link between spoken languages and analyse it. Identify the AI domain.
16) Consider the following scenarios and identify the ethical concerns associated with it.
a) An organisation has designed to include multilingual chat bot for the support of people having language
difficulties .
b)An online search shows mostly male when searched for Pilots.
c)A gaming app asks for device data access for setting up in your mobile.
17) Give any three examples of smart home assistants.
18) What is the impact of AI on social media.
19) Pick the odd one out and justify your answer:
a. Snap Chat Filter b. Face Lock in Phone c. Chatbot d. Image search Option
20) Should AI replace laborious jobs? Suggest an alternative for unemployment?
21) Anu wants to learn how to scope the problem for an AI Project. Explain him the following:
(a) 4W Problem Canvas (b) Problem Statement Template
22) What are the different steps in problem Scoping.

23) Design Problem statement and 4 W canvas.


a) South Koreans are facing a shortage of a beloved dietary staple after a summer of extreme weather destroyed crops of cabbages
– the main ingredient of kimchi. Kimchi is an indispensable part of the Korean diet, with South Koreans eating more than 2m
tonnes every year.Though it often appears in stews and soups, no meal is considered complete without a side dish of the pungent,
fermented cabbage, along with kimchi variations made from daikon radish, cucumber, perilla leaf or other seasonal vegetables.
b) Anxiety is the most natural feeling felt when there is a danger or uncertainty in the environment. Most people experience
anxiety and fear before the exams. Unexpected reactions are likely to occur in our body along with anxiety in general. The most
common ones are differences in breathing,anger bursts, tension,headache,changes in eating patterns,difficulty in focusing etc. In
fact, anxiety at the normal level protects the person and is a healthy feeling. It keeps people psychologically and physiologically
alert and helps to do better work. However, excessive anxiety and fear experience negatively affects the daily life of the person,
causing their performance to decrease and deteriorate.
24) List the Ai project cycle stages.
25)Is it possible to consider moving the problem scoping stage to the conclusion of the AI project cycle?.Give reason.
Python programming
I. MCQ
1. The extension of a python file .
A).ppt B).py C).xls D).com
2. The operator for assigning a value to a variable.
A) = B) > C) D) < =
3. Identify the conditional statement in Python.
A) print( ) B)Input C) if--else D) Stop
4. The * operator is used to find the ____________.
A) Sum B) Remainder C)Product D) Percentage
5. Python is a case sensitive language.
A) False B) Can be c) True D) Not always
6. a=5
b=7
print(b% a)
will give the output- A) 5 B) 2 c) 7 D) False
7. In a program, print is used as a variable name and it gives an error during run time.
Identify the reason for error .
A) Spelling error B) keyword c) special symbols D) space
II. Answer The following.
1. Define variable.
2. What are the different data types in Python?. Give one example each.
3. Write a program to calculate remainder of division 56 and 8.
Do Python have different operators for calculating quotient and remainder?
4. State any three rules for creating valid variable names in Python.
5. Anu created a program using Python for calculating the cube of a number:
a=10
cb=a_______3
print(“cube =”,cb)
a) complete the program by filling the gap in second line.

b) Predict the output .

6. Predict the output:

1. print(8/3)
2. print(5.0//2)
3. print((int)5.0//2)
4. print(-5/2)
5. print(-5//2)
6. print(10%7)
7. print(3/5*5)
8. print(type(5/2))
9. x=15
print(x*3==45)
10. print((20+2)*4

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