What is an Engineering??

The term engineering is derived from the Latin

• ”ingenium”, meaning "cleverness" and
• ”ingeniare” meaning "to devise"

American Engineers' Council for Professional Development

(ECPD) defined "engineering" as:
‘The creative application of scientific principles to
design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or
manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or
in combination; or to construct or operate the same with
full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their
behavior under specific operating conditions; all as
respects an intended function, economics of operation and
safety to life and property’.
 What is Management??
• Management defined as all the activities and tasks
undertaken for achieving goals by continuous
activities like; planning, organizing, leading and
controlling.
• Management is a process of planning, decision
making, organizing, leading, motivating and
controlling the human resources, financial, physical,
and information resources of an organization to reach
its goals efficiently and effectively.
 Definitions of Management
https://www.geektonight.com/what-is-management/

• “Management is the development of people and not the direction of things”. Lawrence A. Appley
• “Management is defined as the process by which a co-operative group directs action towards
common goals”. Joseph Massie
• “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling
performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources”.
George R Terry
• “Management is principally the task of planning, coordinating, motivating and controlling the
efforts of others towards a specific objective”. James L Lundy
• “To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control”.
Henry Fayol
• “Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages a business and manages managers and
manages worker and work”. Peter F. Drucker
• “Management is the force which leads, guides and directs an organization in the accomplishment of
a pre-determined object”. J.N. Schulze
• “Management is defined as the creation and maintenance of an internal environment in an
enterprise where individuals working together in groups can perform efficiently and effectively
towards the attainment of group goals”. Koontz and O’Donnell
• “Management is the process which directs and guides the operations of an organization in realizing
of established aims”. Ordway Tead
• “Management is simply the process of decision-making and control over the actions of human
beings for the purpose of attaining pre-determined goals”. Stanley Vance
Management : An Art or Science
 What Management Science
is about?
Management science uses various scientific research-
based principles, strategies, and analytical methods
including mathematical modeling, statistics and
numerical algorithms to improve an organization's
ability to enact rational and meaningful management
decisions by arriving at optimal or near optimal
solutions to complex decision problems.
 Features of Management
• Management is the process of setting and reaching
goals effectively and efficiently.
• Management process has some qualities or features;
 Management is associated with group efforts
 Management is purposeful
 Management is accomplished through the efforts of others
 Management is goal-oriented
 Management is indispensable
 Management is intangible
 Management can ensure better life
What is Engineering Management all about?
• Engineering management combines persons’ technical capabilities with
leadership knowledge and skills, preparing them for career success in
technical organizations.
• It would enable
 Merging your technical knowledge and expertise with human skill
 Leading people with confidence
 Devising and achieving targets / goals efficiently and effectively
 What is Emgt all about?
• Engineering Management is the application of the
practice of management to the practice of engineering.

• It is a career that brings together the technological

problem-solving ability of engineering and the
organizational, administrative, legal and planning abilities
of management in order to oversee the operational
performance of engineering driven enterprises.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_management
 What is Emgt all about?
Engineers are good at solving technical problems. However, they
are often not as strong at leveraging data science techniques to
make evidence-based decisions, or leading and inspiring diverse
teams with empathy and inclusiveness

• Managing modern teams of engineers requires technical

knowledge, leadership and management skills.
• Engineers are required to learn about blending leadership skills
with technical expertise in this field.
• Engineering management covers the gap between engineering
and business management, namely the combination of
technical and economic decision-making with analytical skills,
optimization capabilities, and technical product development.
 A Progression from Individual
Contributor to Engineering Manager
• As undergraduates, engineers are expected to pass
rigorous math, science, and engineering classes to learn
the “hard-technical skills”, required to become an individual
contributor in their chosen specialization.
• For many engineers, working as an expert in their field;
whether Aerospace, Mechanical, Electrical, Environmental
or Chemical–is the end goal and a fulfilling career.
• However, being an effective engineering manager requires
not just the technical skills they learned as undergraduates,
but a new set of soft and human leadership skills are
required. It includes:
– Motivating and inspiring employees (Emotional Intelligence),
persuasion, leadership, communication, PMgt, and more.
 Engineering Management
• EMgt is the application of the practice of management to
the practice of engineering.

• EMgt brings together the technological problem-solving

ability of engineering and the organizational,
administrative, and planning abilities of management in
order to oversee the operational performance of complex
engineering driven enterprises.

Master of Engineering Management (MEM) is sometimes

compared to a Master of Business Administration (MBA)
for professionals seeking a graduate degree for a career in
engineering management.
 Engineering Management
• NSF, USA worked out in year 2000 that about 46% of engineers
& scientist were actively working in managerial & administrative
capacities within 30-50 age groups.
• It is estimated that atleast 50% engineers will remain engaged
in managing people, project teams, technology and other
resources to add value to their companies.
• EMgt knowledge would fosters
 leadership abilities in engineers, prepares and groom them to
face, handle and resolve the 21st century competitive world by
adding value to their products/business,
 enhancing productivity, effectiveness, efficiency, innovation,
capture opportunities offered by the emerging technologies,
 enhancing customer focus, service and satisfaction,
 observing code of ethics (upholding high level of honesty and
integrity), etc.
 Why Engineering Management
• Companies need effective leaders who understand
technology and business strategies to survive in a
challenging competitive environment of todays’ world

• This is possible when engineers are equipped and

trained with management knowledge and skills

• Managers are selected employees who are entrusted

with the leadership role of communicating effectively in
all dimensions, taking decisive actions, utilizing
resources and guiding behaviors of internal teams and
external technology/business partners to achieve
objectives of the company
 Why is EMgt Important?
• Engineering managers serve as interface between business &
technical sides of a project; translating business oriented goals
& needs into actionable engineering strategies and projects.
• The joint knowledge of business management and
engineering allows them to proactively make balanced
decisions that will mitigate project risks, efficiently allocate
resources, and consistently deliver quality products within the
project budget and schedule.
• They ensure that teams / people stay motivated, focused,
satisfied and efficient.
• Engineering management influences an organization’s financial
outcomes (profitability and operational efficiency), impacts
growth of engineering facilities, satisfying customer market.
 Engineering Management
Engg Mgt includes various domains of knowledge utilized in a
technology / services industry – business. It includes;

– General management – Production planning & control

theories and practices – Production & Productivity
– Problem Solving and Engineering
Decision Making – Product Life Cycle
– Risk Management Management
– Project Management – Configuration Management
– Quality Management – Strategic decision making
– Reliability Engineering – Supply Chain Management
– Product design & – Enterprise Resource Planning
development – Entrepreneurship
– Manufacturing & Technology – Financial Management
Management – Contract Management
 Nature of Work
Work with
Superiors

Peers & Engineering With self

Staff people Manager (manages own time)

Work with
sub-ordinates

Four-dimensional nature of work of an engineering manager

 Work of Engineering Manager
• Engineering managers plan, organize, lead and control people,
teams, money, technology, facilities and other resources to
achieve the organizational business objectives.
• To ensure smooth operations of the company, they pay
attention of problem solving and conflict resolution to pace
the work and get desired output from the sub-ordinates.
• As a rule, engineering managers do not perform the technical
work themselves but get the work done through people by
assigning them resources and targets, delegation of certain
level of authority, and conducive work environment.
• The effectiveness and efficiency of the engineering manager
depends on the quality of the decisions which one takes
during the execution of the work.
 Skill Set
• Engineers who select to become managers, are
required to learn skills beyond their technical nature of the
job to become more effective and efficient, and prosper on
the ladder of senior management positions.
• Set of desired skills is very long. A few important are;
 Work habits and ethics
 Time management
 People related skills (team building, communication,
motivation, interpersonal, etc)
 Use of decision making tools (linear programming
optimization, Kepner-Tregoe decision methodology, risk
analysis, forecasting, regression analysis, FMEA, what-
if analysis, RCA, Monte-Carlo simulation, etc)
 Use of modern office technology
Nature of Management Decisions
• Nature of management decisions depends on which
management tier of the organization one is operating.
• Generally speaking, managers decide what should be done
(strategic nature) and technical-nontechnical contributors
determines how things should be done (operational/tactical
nature) to achieve the managerial decisions.
– Strategic decisions set the direction for the
organization/company/department. It may include what
new markets to be pursued, new products to be
developed, select supply chain partners, acquisition of
new technologies, etc,
– Operational/tactical decisions specify ways to implement
a specific task, project, or programs and defines how to do
things correctly to meet strategic objectives.
Tiers / Levels of Management
 Levels of Management
Top-level Management
• This level is comprised of corporate heads, such as Chief Executive
Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer
(COO), Chief Information Officer (CIO), President, Vice President,
Chairman, Managing Directors and Executive Directors.
• These corporate heads are responsible for the following functions:
– Determining organizational goals and objectives and formulating
plans, strategies and policies accordingly
– Organizing and arranging resources
– Communicating with the public, government and other external
agencies
– Controlling and overseeing organizational activities
– Preparing long-term plans (usually for 5 years or more) and
making strategic (strategy-level) decisions
 Levels of Management
Middle-level Management
• This level comprises business heads, such as Departmental Heads,
General Managers and Regional Managers.
• Middle management is responsible for the following functions:
– Subordinating the top-level management
– Supervising the lower-level management
– Organizing departmental activities
– Recruiting and selecting the workforce
– Controlling resources and executing organizational plans
– Ensuring adherence to the organization's policies
– Acting as a link between top and lower management
– Coordinating and communicating
– Preparing short-term plans (usually for 1-5 years or more)
– Compiling data & generating feedback reports for top management
– Motivating lower-level managers
 Levels of Management
Lower-level Management
• This level includes functional heads, such as supervisors and team
leaders, who are primarily responsible for the following functions:
– Supervising baseline workers and putting plans into actions
– Making operational or functional-level decisions
– Controlling and directing the work of baseline workers
– Communicating with baseline workers about the decisions of
middle and top levels of management.
– Preparing daily, weekly or monthly plans
– Helping middle-level managers in the recruitment and selection
process
Functions of Management
 Few definitions
(Efficient, Effective, Productive)

Efficiency: It refers to accomplishment of a given task with least

amount of efforts. Being efficient means not wasting resources (time,
money, equipment, facilities, skills, talents, etc)

Effectivity: It refers to accomplishment of tasks with efforts that

commensurate with the value created by these tasks.
“all things worth doing are worth doing well” --- perfectionist
“all things worth doing are worth doing well only to the extent of its
contributing value to the organization” ---- value conscious

Productivity: Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of a company's

production process, calculated by measuring the number of units
produced relative to employee labor hours or by measuring a
company's net sales relative to employee labor hours.
 Development of
Mgt Theories & Practices
 Theories of Mgt
Era Persons or Events Accomplishments
Great wall of China Must have followed some mgt
Pyramids of Egypt system (no records available)
Constitution of Chow Organization chart for officials and
(1100 BC) craft specialization
Ancient
mgt Persepolis in Persia Built 2600 km road and setup
thoughts (500 BC) message delivery system using
horse riders
Sun Tzu (500 BC) The art of war
Alexander the Great Specific directory of duties for
(300 BC) officials
India (300 BC) Practiced concepts of government,
commerce and customs
China (120 BC) Selected and classified officials by
examinations in nine specific grades