Praibetzaly act ten PAR) A0D-TOwn. Lewes oes an bets corp dono ber ren it The ‘Steele na tants tough aves ‘Absorption and elon specie : The cave pening ‘he Ugh abana each sleet by planar cle sapton scrum. Cave shoving rie of photosmibes at (Bdeet wore light cel oton specu. Seite shemson sestega ea 1 ik Wren mp 1p: 43.1 Abeoton sec of erp mand b Aomion specu sudied wah the help of sectonbtomet.Theabuon rectum ochre send ‘Sleepy binned! thes eznents mila le snd tele (40 mae! 2m Heep 455 and fam ioe exp). Acion specrum shows tt. mama Poon lt se in Ue avd ein of pecan. The fw acon ston of poses was sie by TW. Equa (E82 unt eh ais Spore and ongensecking Inthe ae ecu ete of pet ints of enn olan ercxtbon dnd aston eared ra nes veoh ‘Mechanism of photosynthesis. (On te bass of deer of Ness de Susu a “The aunt of , rcased ror nis equa the aan CO, hotbed by pln, Rus conte at Oy rlemed n ‘heaps comes fom CO, Dt Ruben proved tat is (cain. In 1900, CB, Veni! proved tha sds bat we HS (on plc of ein CO orbs each eels 60, +1241,5 —+C,hg0, +640 125, “Th Van el the potion ht een pls, ee (0) wed in pe of HS ard Oe eve in lc ot spur (5) He indaed Hat wotr & en deeton donor ib stops. 60, +12H,0—4cyHs0, +6H,0+60, Ths we cone y fier ad Haren Sn 191) ng Chioetoa soem a Thay wid topes of een rir, Le, HPD td 10 (nr) se roe that Hotel oxen eras "0 of ‘strap nef CO, The over eaon ean be ge uns 60, +12H,"O lth ,Hy0, +60, +64,0 During photonitess the O; it ghesse comes om Eien Seog ee Potoihee an cnt rdicton proces which ‘wri ened ores O, and CO, edad to frm sch supe Stents have shown tht potter in ‘wo pass (0) Light phase or Photochemal reactions or Light pendent reactions er Hills tenctions Dung the sane ‘cm rom snl sed a conser cher ene) ‘ih is tren ATP ana NADPH 4H (2 Dark pie or Chemical dark retetlons or Light Independent ‘reactions or Blackman reaction of Blorynhete have + Duing tis sage carbailtes ae ‘yrtacsed fom ton de ai he ene) sore whe [ATP nd NADEH eed in he ight Sependet acon doe fr ot ak renctone poh (0) Physical separation of ehoroplast iio grana and stroma frctons + row poste fo eerie gana ard fom fasion of lrplt I ats gen ana fection i Pres of ital Hacnlr ann compte asere of CO fen ATP and NADPH, re produced ., aston poser) thee asiniion pone ATP and NADPH, we geno stoma fncon in preece of CO, and sbuence of Eg the carols eed (2) Expetimena with netent ight or Dicontinaus ligt: Rae of teas ser in aomiert ht (ana ght and dak peed) an contacts Bg Ks enact raeon it much fst tan dk reacion, 20 in CeninaousHt thwi searaston of ATP end NADPH, end ene recon nate of pebghess bu In dso Uh ATP and NADPH, ored in ight re ly conumed ing ‘kk ty natacion of CO; fo enibotsdniee Aramalon of NADPH, snd ATP reve bate hey ae ot pce hin deeds 2) Temperaare coffictnt studies : Backman fund tat Qj os gest han? in expert when pais ‘ts nll ad tht Quy oppe om 2 cen exci ny, Le, (then the te tps was low. These ei show th ‘in photomes thea dk eseton(Qy mor thn 2) and ‘heer org action uth Q begun)‘ght reaction (Photochemical vention) + Ls excl ces rar atone nd hs acon fe faded thve ees, which are dependent on ight ‘Assen poses (ATP ard NADPH) ae my redid in ist acon Robin Hil (1939) fe ofa sow tat chirps ‘xtc fom lees ef Sire ma and Lamon album oe suspended a st toe contig stable certon cepa, 24) Potesum feweae (Sone plans ruts oy his ‘henical el psi lr, cngan feted ue fo ‘Photochemical ping of alr. Under he conto, no CO, wes conumed en re cote war produc, but it en edton th con eps wa cored by Oy cookin, $B apt ar 60,1 ‘The sping of uate chang photonic i called shale The ection onthe name of dcr fon 5 reacon i escton prow that (0) Inptsionsiess omen read fom vate, (2) Becons forthe recion of CO, an cian am ater lhe a edz suas hyzogen dnc) produced whlch ‘recs 2). Didiorephenal indperel the dye wd by for is fares Hi eo, ‘Accorting 0 Armor (1961) i the proce ht ene ‘onveted to chica exp Ths ene sre in ATP [ie rows of ATP fomston in coronas Is nn as Bhotophoonton) und fom secon acer NADP", substance fue in all ng bangs NADPH fomed es actone donor. Frmon af fydroomn donor NADPH fom slecten scrpier NACP" sion - phloeeson or ruc ofretices power NADPH, Light phase can be explained ander the following ending (2) Transfer of energy: Who photon ot enya ‘on hlorophylmlecle ene of the etn pam rou singlet sie pases roger eneray level aed exc tingle sate. comes Sock to hole of chbxopyl molecule ‘thin 10° scons ‘This Sot enemy stored by crop molec tlre ‘omin tsk to god ste apres as radiaon ery, he tho coming tak fom eed sngt eal led orscece fonds pert neato. Sartre the cto a nad ‘oe! ste ges espn vee tecize ho eons at the fee ente eel ant iy or wet ao ata ‘ie decom Av rs ots ppd a High ener evel ‘ue oS fos of enemy, sy at eompratey war ney lew (Tipe so) rom enced ange se, Now ts nome, can change & in and rm thst wt, comes th to pound sat apa ing exes lene in the frm a adation “Ts pollo ol ene calle poshonscone, onda 4.3 (Protomctaton ofclrpint ‘nate Leos tne Mvnent of cacon ‘i poten pment melecde ‘When dato i red © Hehe ena Ir, cal at second ee se Ica oe enor the kro et alo igation of scren fom excita singe tl grand se lona wi the reese of exes ener ia ation ene of ‘0 mpaan to ths procs. Somehow whan hs exons enea) ‘comet! i chemi ene Iles ene cone le the poo, (2) Quantum sald () Re or yell of photons mead te of ‘uarsum yd oO, evo, which maybe dnd a Naber f 0, moles esled per quatan of hgh seated Phatorthese 1H) Quen sequent In phtoomtbes = quan of ight are reid a ea one ol. of 0125 le, a faction (a Hence gant yd = 1 oft) a 12%, 1) Emerson elect and Red dp + R. Emsron ad CM Levin (1549) olserel that he” qui jad ot Photnytbess dereacoe toward the fared end of theTis nonce ploichosponloton © ako loown a Z scheme (beau of shpe of pat of ean Bou ws wes gen by Hl nd Bend (156), Non. oe poppholasen (Zachane nse CMU ond DCMU. (DOM es herd we ls the wed by niin CO, fan ates song ibis o PS, Pebie > a: 4.3.5 nl roduc fh recine Preudocylie phctophosphersletion © Aron and he coworier (1954) denon yet another hind of hotophowphristion They observed tht eve in bee ef 60, ar NADP, If cosy molecules oe minted. can ‘reduce ATP fom ADP ond iP Unoganic phase) in ‘reece of FUN crit. < and oxygen The prose ths ey simple and reso chemi change fr the formation of ATP and water. Aron cle this ax 90m deperdenh FUN faishsedphotorhorhaniaion or pecudocyete ‘Photophosshoniaton which Inles the reduction of FM With the roducion of oxigen, FN an aule onda drogen sespor wh the les ee edad PN ‘wont by oxygen Thus the proces can conioue repeteiy to proce AP. ‘Scr fis poss can be connie pest it appear ht sje msecde of wolrshol! be sce puate psoarlc phcphoshonlaion Je meet the ‘semen of ATP. iO + Ho — IS eels 0, Dati phase The paheay by whith al photoymtbtic ‘dani opaions lintel ncport CO, ni arbelyete |: noun ar exon eaten epee can wedicton IPCRO en ce deacon ‘The dak wacons ar seston to empeae cha, bt ‘e ndepeot of lah hectic dark wacton however apes pen the posits ght conf shteatoaLe [NADP 2 an ATP ‘he eatton dole faton ther pce othe stoma of chlrpbs tec I has emer etn for akon of CO, tnd orton The fectiques wed for studying diferent spe were Fadontne cr wehiqu using "C (Hal fe ~ 9720 yea, (tromstogey and Aucdlgrphy andthe meal ud ws Chortle sg) and Semadcoma the are mize ‘nl age and canbe ees mained in abate) The ssston and recon of CO, tae ace in this resco by which atoidate ames theuch flowing hee pata (2) Calin eee : Cav on Benen dicted hepa of carton in hs poems, Ths town a Cy ole because CO, ‘edition wc procs nd ft mle re ck Congo (Le, 8 Posphoganc sor 8G). Cavin ole dda nto tree ditt phses Catron, Gheaitereemal gunn of REP In his ile, CO, scepor malecle fe RABP oe RuDP le, Rbwiote 1, Stiphowptte or ‘Rbulose 1, 5 phosphate), There occa calentbordng of CO, to Rub? tnd the ename catating ths reacton RIB ‘abowineonsnense bla) ‘Acces in nly one bon fr CO,) a tne 20 tats stuns othe gle pode ne gun ofa bons Ue, besser sion) In ths ck, for omaton of one mele of se sme (Ghee 1B ATP an 1 NADP, ema ‘The plan whch ths panty of CO, reducon oc, te cali 3 plans‘Biochemical mectanise (1) Rodos, iyhehate 2 2Phophogicatc ad + Phosphoscar aed (212 Pheapogheateacl + 10 —P (Gheobeokd + Phono a () Gratescit + 0, SS 5 Gow scd + HO, 24,0, © 424,040, (8 Chon acd + Guiamicacd Smut, Grins + also ghtnic at (©)2.Ghxne + 10 + 10D" — Seine + 0, + Nt, + NADH (©) Seine + Gyoheacd —+ Hymna dd CGycne + Hhcromanive ait —> Ghent () Greece + TP 3 posposhecte ad ++ ADP + phosphate Importance of phatreapiation : Potrepraton i ute ice! em resin 4 n0 ATP or NADH or produced Moor, th poche ats because mich es all the poetical fd eto aie (ne form of RABP) ‘aa beletno the taper tous hi roe, ry nce In Osconeznnon woud fore ui of ‘oper han CO, welt, nt photons ris ico ‘tonto ABP Ongena, Phtorspton doy ted (CO, compensation pi and cca en I hoe pars whch eveigh CO, conpanatn posh aC an. Foreiton geerty ecu in Sempuate ns, Few tore prs fee, an, whet, arly ios of geal acd anid sich a dro spheres bi he [roca ol polite, Une ual ocd epton lhe ecucedcoosynes a gone patron ne the onan of gale is coule wth he farmaton of ATP ‘nau. Patton Cee i eancl by i nt igh enpeei, nok nen ant low CD, concoato, Bacterial photosynthesis Ue en yoni plead ren lpr bats ae ‘abe of thera onic foo npr ofa nd Ipabsen oO, whichis knoe bce potas, an Nase sto pol ut thes gen ot ltd n acer ding proces of phones, Ther Pitas on-aupenie Becaec Pceria we Hin pce Sf water 0) as hcp doer. Phioamete ba noc, Only one te ef pigment am PS found ct exept mnabaco Uich pone boty PSL ard PSI. Gece be wo bpe ol pholofste pigment. ‘acter ond Basen Bacco dos from Cl ain having one ya rg th 0 hope ‘The photoeynthate bacteria fall under three (0) Green sulphur bacteria : consis. erbium tlre whch aber 72075Do re ig) ence ‘fig ep, Chea, (2) Pape sulphur bacteria: ¢2,Cvomaiom. (9) Paple nomsulphur bactera : 3, Redan, Rndepedoenn Charest bce ptt ae (a) No danse iol but conan sie sruckees tig gens cae crepe em cin by Sem (2 Contin chrom crop ex baa hor (9) Ue loner vee of lat (7209500 (2) No uaa of HO hut we HS er oer read pec inenc ban (Na ection O- (6) Potro NAD, Net NADPH) (7) Ont ene pts an hee ane met sem ae hur one reacion ete, Pao (8) Cycepheephorhoatin I dominant (ot oc in prose of gt ond ase Chemosynthosis: ‘Sons lems of bacita obi en by hemes “Ths process of eros frmaton im which gant we heral wachos fo obtain ene for Wotan campounds tad cusses. Such ehemosuabophie bers do rat faite i antes ll epee egonents fom CO, td HID end sat at the eaperse of onaton of erie ‘tare Iie [Hy NOs; 50, ocrboni). Some exes of Chonan ar (0) Mung bactna#€9, Nosonanas, Niner, eotocer ee (2 Sulphur bacteria = ep. Beaioon, That ond Trobe, (8) eon bacteria : ag, Ferctacun, Leptvc ae Catt 16) thdroen bate ¢9, Boi poistops (5) Carbon tectera + es, Cobosomone, Basie ctgecrbopi|