UNDERSTANDING AND USING ish Grammar FOURTH EDITION WORKBOOK = Betty S. Azar Ea Rachel Spack Koch eM Longman} Stacy A. HagenUnderstanding and Using English Grammar, Fourth Edition Workbook Gopyright © 2009, 2000, 1992 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street, White Plains, NY 10606 Staff credits:'The people who made up the Understanding and Using English Grammar, Fourth Edition, Workbook team, representing editorial, production, design, and manufacturing, are Dave Dickey, Christine Edmonds, Ann France, Margo Grant, Amy McCormick, and Robert Ruvo. ‘Text composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services ‘Text font: 10.5/12 Plantin Illustrations: Don Martinetti—pages 20, 21, 42, 50 160, 162 (bottom), 195, A15, A23; Chris Pavely—pages 4, 15, 19, 47, 60, 67, 69, 72, 80, 98, 111, 123, 140, 142, 143, 151, 155, 158, 159, 162 (top), 163, 165, 174, 180, 198, 203 ISBN 10: 0-13-241543-7 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-24 1543-9 Printed in the United States of America 123456789 10—DBH—14 13 12 11 1009Preface .... Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Contents OVERVIEW OF VERB TENSES Ll. 12, 13, 14, PRESENT AND PAST, SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE ead 1B, CS rt FSS RAeyeyNr sewn Seereyeyyr Preview i Verb tenses: overview... 2.22... “The simple tenses and the Progressive tenses ‘The perfect tenses . “The perfect progressive tenses... “The perfect and perfect progressive tenses Verb tenses . : Verb tenses . Verb tenses Verb tenses Spelling of -#ng forms Spelling of -ed forms Spelling of -ing and -ed forms Chapter r ‘The simple present and the present progressive ‘The simple present and the present progressive ‘The simple present and the present progressire Non-progressive verbs... 4 ‘The present progressive to describe a temporary state Regular and irregular verbs... . 1 Regular and irregular verbs Irregular verbs Irregular verbs Irregultr verbs . Irregular verb Irregular verbs . Irregular verb: ‘ Simple past of irregular verbs. Simple past of irregular verbs. ‘The simple past and the past progressive ‘The simple past and the past progressive ‘The simple past and the past progressive Simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive Using progressive verbs with always . : ‘ Chapter review CONTENTS IttChapter 3 PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES SBNOVeyEE 10. 11 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. 18. 19, 20. Chapler4 FUTURE TIME Chapter5 REVIEW OF VERB TENSES Ser eyeyen Using the present progressive and the simple present to express future time . Using the present progressive and the simple present to express future time . Using the present progressive to express future time . . Future progressive . Preview ‘The present perfect ‘The present perfect ‘The present perfect i ‘The present perfect with since, for, and age. ‘The present perfect with since and for Us V5. hAS vice ence eee ‘The present perfect and the simple past ‘The present perfect and the simple past , ‘The present perfect and the present perfect progressive . ‘The present perfect and the present perfect progressive - ‘The present perfect and the present perfect progressive . Simple past vs. the present perfect progressive . ‘The simple past and the past perfect . ‘The past perfect .. ‘The simple past and the past perfect . The simple past and the past perfect . The present perfect progressive and the past perfect progressive The present perfect progressive and the past perfect progressive Chapter review .. 0.6... ce eee ees Ne fiesnpmraahnine ne Simple future: will 2... Simple future: be going to . Simple future: will and be going to - Will vs. be going to Will vs. be going to Will vs, be going to. Will vs, be going to Expressing the future in time clauses. Expressing the future in time clauses . Expressing the future in time clauses Expressing the future in time clauses Future progressive . Future perfect and future perfect progressive . Chapter review ...... 02.00. Verb tense review Verb tense review Verb tense review Verb tense review Verb tense review Verb tense review. . Verb tense review. . Verb tense review .. Verb tense review Chapteré SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT 1. 2. lv CONTENTS Preview . Final -s on nouns and. verbs ST - 58Chapter 7 Chapter 8 3. Pronunciation and spelling of final -s f-es .... 4. Basic subject-verb agreement 5 5. Subject-verb agreement: using expressions of quantity 6. Subject-verb agreement: using expressions of quanti 7. Subject-verb agreement: using there + be 8. Subject-verb agreement: some irregularities 9. Subject-verb agreement . , j 10, Subject-verb agreement .,.. abd A 11. Subject-verb agreement... 4s 0erer eves NOUNS L 2, 3. 4. 5. 6. # 8. 9, 10. H 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17, Regular and irregular plural nouns Regular and irregular plural nouns. . Final -s |-es 0.005 Possessive nouns Possessive nouns . . Possessive nouns . . Possessive nouns Nouns as adjectives Nouns as adjectives Nouns as adjectives Nouns as adjectives veeneeee Count and noneount nowns Count and noncount nouns Count and noncount nouns Count and noncount nouns Basic article usage Basic article usage 18, General article usage 6... 0.0. 19, General article usage . te 20, Using articles . i 21. Usingarticles B 22. Expressions of quantity with count and noncount nouns 23. Expressions of quantity with count and noncount nouns 24, Expressions of quantity with count and noncount nouns 25. Using afew and few; a little and little 26, Using a few and few; a little and little 27, Using a few and few; a little and little . . seeeaee 28. Singular expressions of quantity: one, each, every .... 29. One, each, every Saea dae 30. Using of in expressions of quantity : 31. Chapter review ............ : PRONOUNS 1, Personal pronouns eens 2. Personal pronouns C 5 ais 3. Personal pronouns: agreement with generic nouns an 4. Personal pronouns: agreement with collective nouns 36 5. Reflexive pronouns ............ a 3 6, Reflexive pronouns ........... SAME 7, Using you, one, and they as impersonal pronouns ‘ 8. Forms of other saemnd anne sis 9. Forms of other - 10. Common expressions with other 1. Nouns and pronouns . CONTENTS ¥Chopter9 Chapter 11 vi CONTENTS ODAL 1. Basie modal introduction : 2. Polite requests with “I as the subject; glee requests with “you as the subjec 3. Polite requests with Would you mind . 4, Polite requests with Would you mind . 5. Expressing necessity, lack of necessity, and prohibition 6. Past tense of must and have to 7. Expressing necessity and prohibition 8. Verb form review: have to........ 9. Advisability: should, ought to, had better 10. Advisability: should, ought to, had better 11, Should, ought to, had better 12. The past form of should ........ 13, Present and past forms of should . 14, Obligation: be supposed to . naa 15. Unfulfilled intentions: was / were going to ‘ 16. Obligation: be supposed to and unfulfilled intentions: was / were going to... 93 17. Making suggestions: couéd vs. should . 18. Chapter review PART 7 )DALS, PART Degrees of certainty: must and may | might | could - Degrees of certainty: must and may {might I could . Degrees of certainty: present time negative Degrees of certainty: past time Degrees of certainty: past time negati Degrees of certainty; present and past Must have vs. had to . Degrees of certainty: future time . Degrees of certainty: future time . Progressive forms of modals ‘Modals and modal phrases Review of modals ..... Ability: cant and could Repeated action in the past . Expressing preference: would rather - Combining modals with phrasal modals THE PASSIVE 1, Forming the passive 2, Active vs. passive 3, Forming the passive 4, Forming the passive 5, Active vs. passive . 6. Active vs. passive . 7. Using the passive . 8. Using the passive 9. Active vs. passive . 10. ‘The passive form of modals and phrasal modals 11. ‘The passive form of modals and phrasal modals, 12, : 13. 14 15. 16, 17. ._ Non-progressive passive ._Non-progressive passive Common non-progress . Passive vs, active . The passive with get Participial adjectives . . passive verbs “+ prepositions18, 19, 20. Chapter 12 NOUN CLAUSES Chapter 13 Chapter 14 ial adjectives . 215 al adjectives 2115 Participial adjectives 1116 Introduction ...... ale 17 Questions and noun clauses beginning with a question word»... 7 Questions and noun clauses beginning with a question word . + LLB Noun clauses beginning with a question word... .. 2118 Questions and noun elauses beginning with a question word creates 118 Noun clauses beginning with a question word Noun clauses beginning with whether or if Review os. ceisas esas s Question words followed by infinitives Noun clauses beginning with that... Noun clauses beginning with that . Quoted speech Quoted speech Reported speech Reported speech Reported speech Pia é Using -ever words cs... eeeeeeesseeeeeuene ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Adjective clause pronouns used as the subject. .....6.6.0. 0.000 Adjective clause pronouns used as the subject. Adjective clause pronouns as the object of a verb Adjective clause pronouns as the abject of a verb Adjective clause pronouns used as the subject or al Adjective clause pronouns as the object of a preps Adjective clauses . 2 Adjective clauses . Whose vs. who's. Using whose Understanding adjective clauses Using where in adjective clauses .. Using when in adjective clauses. Using where and when in adj Adjective clauses... Using adjective clauses to modify pronouns - Punctuating adjective claus Punctuating adjective clauses : Using expressions of quantity in adjective clauses _ ose Using which to modify a whole sentence... Reducing adjective clamses to adjective phrases 2... . Reducing adjective clauses to adjective phrases. Chapter review. . GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1 Sy Ree Gerunds: introduction ...... 56.6000 sc sree +. 139 Using gerunds as the objects of prepositions 2.138 Using gerunds as the objects of prepositions 2140 Using gerunds as the objects of prepositions 2.140 Using gerunds as the objects of prepositions 21d Using gerunds as the objects of prepositions 21d Verbs followed by gerunds . . 142 CONTENTS vilChapter 15 Chapter 16 viii CONTENTS 8 9, 10, lL. 12, 13, 14. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. 21. 22, 23. 24. Go + gerund Special expressions followed by Verbs followed by infinitives Verbs followed by infinitives Verbs followed by infinitives Verbs followed by infinitives Gerund or infinitive. Gerund or init Gerund or infi Gerund or infi Gerund or init Gerund or infinitive It + infinitive: gerunds and Review... Gerund or infinitive - Review Chapter review (GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 2 Infinitive of purpose: ia order to. . Infinitive of purpose: ia order to. Adjectives followed by infinitives ..... 0.45 Using infinitives with too and very .... +++ Passive infiniti Passive infinitives and gerunds Passive infinitives and gerunds Using gerunds or passive infinitives following need Using verbs of perception Using the simple form after fee and help « Using causative verbs; make, have, get Using causative verbs: make, have, get Verb form review Verb form review . Review .. 3 Verb form review . . (COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: pus eNE 163 163 164 165 Parallel structure Parallel structure Parallel structure . Parallel structure: using commas . Parallel structure ...... we Tete 165 Paired conjunctions: both ...and; not only ...But also; either . neither ,,.nor Seine 166, Paired conjunctions: both ..-and; not only ...but also; either . neither...nov - 166 Paired conjunctions: both ... and; not only... but alee) either. neither ...nor Separating independent clauses with periods; conieling them with and ‘and but . . ‘Separating independent clauses with periods; connecting them with avd and but Chapter review . . OGECEREES Chapter res 166 167 168 168 169Chapter 17 Chapter 18 ADVERB CLAUSES 1, Adverb clauses 2. Periods and commas 3, Verb tenses in adverb clauses of time ‘ 4, Verb tense review 5. Using adver’ clauses to show cause and ¢ 6. T 8, 9, Using adverts clauses to show cause and elfeet Even though vs, because. Even though vs, because... . . Showing direct contrast: while 10, Jf-clauses 3 11. Shortened if-clauses i 12. Using zhether or not and even 13, Adverb clauses of condition: using unless 14. Adverb clauses of condition: using anly if 15. Review: adverb clauses of condition . 16, Adverb clauses 17. Ghapter review REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES: 1, Introduction Modifying adverbial phrases. . 3. Changing time clauses to modifying adverbial phrases 4, Adverb clauses and modifying phrases 5 6. Expressing the idea of “during the same time” in mod Expressing the idea of “during the same time” and caus: adverbial phrases 7. Expressing the idea of “during the same time” and cause / eff adverbial phrases 8. Modifying phrases and clauses 9, Modifying phrases with upon . 10. Modifying phrases with upon . 11, Modifying phrases . . ng adverbial phrases / effect in modifying -170 170 171 7 172 172 173 173 174 175 175 176 176 7 7 178 178 ~ 180 ~ 180 181 181 182 - 183 184 - 184 . 185 185 1. 186 Chapter 19 CONNECTIVES THAT EXPRESS CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST, AND CONDITION 1, Using because of and due to . 2, Using because of and due to . 3, Using because of and due to. 4. Cause and effect: using therefore, consequently, and so . 5. Cause and effect: using therefore, consequently, and so. 6. T 8. Cause and effect: using therefore, consequently, and so. Showing cause and effect . 5 . Periods and commas ....... 9. Summary of patterns and punctuatios 10, Such...that and so...that . IL, Such...thatand so...that « 12. Expressing purpose ..... 13. Expressing purpose: using se that 14, Using modals with so that... 15, Expressing purpose: using so that 16. Showing contrast (unexpected result) 17. Despite, in spite of vs. even though, although . 18, Showing contrast... “ 19, Showing contrast..... 20. Showing direct contrast 2 21. Expressing condition: using otherwise . . 187 187 188 +. 188 188, -- 189 -- 190 -- 190 199 19% +192 + 192 =. 193 - 193 193 194 . 194 +. 196 ++ 196 -. 197 . 197 CONTENTS ixChapter 20 Appendix CONTENTS 22. Expressing cause and effect . . 198 23. Expressing contrast . .. 198 24. Expressing condition - ‘ arpindet (38 25. Summary of connectives: cause and effect, contrast, condition . acted 19K CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES 1, Introduction to conditional sentences 2 200 2. Overview of basic verb forms in conditional sentences . 200 3, ‘True in the present or future . te - 201 4. Untrue (contrary to fact) in the present or future... : - 202 5. Untrue (contrary to fact) in the present or future... + + 202 6, True vs. untrue in the present or future 6.6.6.6. ee eee = 203 7. Untrue (contrary to fact) in the past. - aie + 203 8. Untrue (contrary to fact) in the past... . coe 204 9. Conditional sentences: present, future, or past . 204 10. Conditional sentences: present, future, or past . ’ 205 11. Conditional sentences ........ +205 12. Progressive verb forms in conditional sentences . 206 13, Using “mixed time” in conditional sentences . . tiiamwaner er aOe 14, Using progressive forms and “mixed time” in conditional semences .....,..+ . 207 15, Omitting f .. 208 16. Omitting if 208 17. Implied con = + 209 18. Review: conditional sentences = 209 19. Verb forms following wish . 21 20. Verb forms following wish ......... ail 21. Verb forms following wish o. 0.0.0... 212 22. Using would to make wishes about the future oeenaag +213 23, Conditionals .....++++ 2213 SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR UNITS Subjects, verbs, and objects . . “Transitive vs, intransitive verbs ......+4+ Adjectives and Adverbs. aa Adjectives and Adverbs... ‘Midsentence adverbs Identifying prepositions Sentence elements... . . Linking verbs ki Linking verbs; adjectives and adverbs... Review: basic question forms ........ Yes / no and information questions Information questions , . . Information questions .. . Negative questions “Tag questions Contractions Using not and no .... Avoiding double negatives . Beginning a sentence with a negative word Preposition combinat Preposition combinations . Preposition combinations . Preposition combinations Preposition combinations. . Preposition combinations. ns.26. The subjunctive in noun clauses . . A16 27. The subjunctive in noun clauses - ALT: 28. Troublesome verbs ...... Al Special Workbook Section PHRASAL VERBS 1. Phrasal verbs .....0....6- 0.020000 2. Phrasal verbs . 3. Phrasal verbs . 4. Phrasal verbs . 5. Phrasal verbs . 6, Phrasal verbs , 7. Phrasal verbs . 8. Phrasal verbs . ANSWER KEY . ANSWER KEY 1 CONTENTS xiPreface ‘The Understanding and Using English Grammar Workbook is a place for students to explore and practice English grammar on their own. Itis a place where they can test and fine-tune their understandings of English structures and improve their abilities to use Engtish meaningfully and correctly, All of the exercises have been designed for independent study, but this book is also a resource for teachers who need exercise material for additional classwork, homework, testing, or individualized instruetion. ‘The Workbook is keyed to the explanatory grammar charts found in Understanding and Using English Grammar, Fourth Edition, a classroom teaching text for students of English as a second ot foreign language, as well as in the accompanying Charibook, a reference grammar with no exercises. ‘The answers to the practices can be found in the Answer Key in the back of the Warlbook. Its pages are perforated so that they can be detached to make a separate booklet. However, if teachers want to use the Workbook as a classroom teaching text, the Auster Key can be removed at the beginning of the term, A special Workbook section called Phrasal Verbs, not available in the main text, is included in the Appendix. This section provides a reference list of common phrasal verbs along with a variety of exercises for independent practice. xlChapter 1 Overview of Verb Tenses » Practice 1. Preview. (Charts 1-1 + 1-5) Write the correct form of the verbs in parentheses to complete the sentences A: I’m going to ask you some questions so that we can practice verb tenses, What do you do every day before you come to class? Name one thing, B: I (eat) ___eat__ breakfast. A: What did you do last night? Name three separate activities. B: Last night I (ear) _ate. ___. dinner, ‘Then I (wisit) wvirtted some friends, and later I (eorite) WOW a couple of letters. = : What are you doing right now? What activity is in progress right now, at this exact moment? B: Right now I cam carn. LaUeung sn you. 1 (answer) GUM Ain. suleting your questions. ‘A: Where were you at this exact time yesterday? And what activity was in progress then? B: Let me think. At this time yesterday, I was at the bookstore. I (look) for the books I needed to buy for this class. > How many questions have I asked since we began this exercise? B: [think you (ask) ____ me five or six questions since we began this exercise. A; What have you been doing for the past five minutes? In other words, what activity began five minutes ago and has been in progress from then until now? B: I (atk) —______ to you for the past five minutes. I started talking to you five minutes ago, and I am still talking to you. A: Where will you be tomorrow morning? B: (be) in class tomorrow morning. 2 ; What will you be doing at this exact time tomerrow? In other words, what activity will be in progress at this exact same time tomorrow? 2 : Right now I am sitting in the classroom. And at this exact time tomorrow, I (sit) —___________________in the classroom.9. A: What had you done by the time you got to class today? In other words, what is one activity that you had completed before you arrived in class today? B: Well, for one thing, I (ea) ______ breakfast by the time I got to class today. 10. A: What will you have done by the time you go to bed tonight? Name one activity that you will have completed before you go to bed tonight. B: I (eat) dinner by the time I go to bed tonight. > Practice 2, Verb tenses: overview. (Charts | ‘This is a calendar of the month of February. For each item, write the date or dates that the text refers to. February “Sun [Mon [Tue [Wed [Thu | Fri_| Sat y 2) 3) 4 5 6 7 8} 3) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14 1S) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21 22| 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28 1. Taday is Wednesday, February 11th. We play tennis on Saturdays, These are the dates we play tennis in February: February 7th _, 14th _, __2fet ,and 28th 2. Today is Wednesday, February 4th. We're going to play tennis on Saturday. We're going to play tennis on February Today is Wednesday, February 4th. It rained yesterday. It rained on February 4. Today is Wednesday, February 4th, It’s been g since Monday, It has rained on these days: February sand ve . ‘Today is Friday, February 13th, I's beautiful today, but it had been raining for three days, It rained on February —__, ,and 6. ‘Today is Friday, February 13th. It’s not going to rain during the weekend. It won't rain on February ____ and 7. ‘Today is Saturday, February 21st, We've been here for exactly two weeks, We arrived here on February 8. Today is Monday, February 23rd. Our singing group meets every Tuesday evening, and we sing from 7:00 to 9:00 P.\t. Iwill be singing with my group on the evening of February & Practice 3. The simple tenses and the progressive tenses. (Charts 1-) and 1-2) Circle the correct verb to complete each sentence. 1. It (is raining frains) every day in August. 2. Uncle Joe (visited / visits) us last month, 2 CHAPTER 1Our team (will ein / ving) the soccer game tomorrow: Nick (catches / is evatehing) an action movie on TV now. ‘Tomorrow at this time we (will be flying / are flying) over the Atlantic Ocean. Tina! I (eas chinking / am chinking) of you just a minute ago when the phone rang! I know you, Aunt Martha. You're never going to retire, You (are working / will be etorking) at your computer even when you are 90 years old. AL 9:00 P.M, last night, all the children (go /wer) to bed, At 10:00 P.M. they (elepe | vere sleeping) Uh-oh. Look! Mr. Anton (fell / vas falling) down on the ice. Mr. Anton! Don’t move! We (help / cell help) you! . A: Why is the beach closed today? B: There are sharks in the water! ‘They (scvii / are sevimmning) near the shore! » Practice 4. The perfect tenses. (Char! 1-3) Circle the correct verb to complete cach sentence, re 2. 3. wv 10. 1 (have / had) alrcady seen the movie wwice. 1 (have /had) already seen the movie, so I didn’t want to see it again. Guy. (has beer /ceas) a professor at this university since 2001. He’s going to be chairman of the English department next year. Fred (lias been / zeas) a judge in the Supreme Court of this state for 21 years until he retired last year. On the Hath of next month, my grandparents are going to celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary, They (ill have been / had been) married for 50 years. Rafael and Sue live in Springfield, They (fived / have lived) there all their lives. Ann and Sid moved to Chicago. Before that, they (ave / tad) lived in this town all their lives. Sorry, Mr, Wu, You (have / will have) missed your flight! The plane left just two minutes ago. Jan speaks excellent English. He (had / has) studied English in school for twelve years before he came here. ‘We were too late to have dinner at the restaurant, When we got there, it (Aas / had) already closed for the night. ® Practice 5. The perfect progressive tenses. (Chari 1-4) Circle the correct verb to complete each sentence. 1 P'm thirsty, aren’t you? We (have /shad) been driving for four hours. Let’s stop for a cold drink soon. When is the rain going to stop? It (has been / was) raining for two days. When Greta graduates from medical school next year, she (coll be / cell have been) studying for twenty years! After Jim and Kim (have / had) been going out together for seven years, they finally got married last month. ‘Overview of Verb Tenses 3“i You (jas / have) been working in this office for only two months, and you've already gotten a raise? That's great! 6, Stan finally quit playing professional tennis after he broke his ankle two months ago. He (has | had) been playing for twenty years. 7. Well, it’s good to be on this plane, Finally! We (ave deen waiting / will have been waiting) almost two hours! Wake Maria up now. She (had / has) been sleeping for three hours. That’s a very long nap. 9. The police officer gave Pedro a ticket because he (/zas / had) been speeding. » Practice 6. The perfect and the perfect progressive tenses. (Charts |-3 and 1-4) Choose the sentence that means the same as the given sentence(s). Write the letter of the sentence. 1. We've been watching TV all night. a, We are still watching TV, b, We watched TV until ittle while ago, e already done my homework, —__ a. I'm still doing my homework. b. I've finished my homework. 3. The baby was crying when I picked him up. a. First the baby cried. Then I picked him up. b. First I picked up the baby. ‘Then he cried. 4, The baby cried when I picked him up. a. First the baby cried. Then I picked him up. b. FirstI picked up the baby. Then he cried. Don’t wake me up when you get home at midnight. I'll be sleeping then. —__ a. I'm going to go to sleep before midnight. b, I'm going to go to sleep after midnight, 6. I'm not going home for the summer break. I'll be studying, ___ a. Thave a lot of studying to do. b. Idon’t have a lot of studying to do. 7. Atthe beginning of the new year, I'll start anew job. —__ a, Pll start a new job before the new year begins bb. Pll start a new job when the new year begins. 8, By the beginning of the new year, I will have started my new job. a. Pll start a new job before the new year begins. b. T'll start a new job when the new year begins. 9. Joe and his family had cleaned the whole house before his parents arrived. ___ a, The house was already clean when his parents arrived. b, ‘The house was not yet clean when his parents arrived. 4 CHAPTER |& Practice 7. Verb tenses. (Charis 1-) > 1-5) Write the correct form of the verbs in parentheses to complete the sentences, SIMPLE PROGRESSIVE 1. Tom has regular habits, He (ea!) ‘At 7:00 this evening, Tom started to eat dinner. It dinner every day. He has caten dinner every day is now 7:15. Tom is on the phone because Mary since he was a child. He ate dinner every day last called him. He says, “Can I call you back? I (eat) month, He ate dinner yesterday. He will eat —______ dinner right now. Til dinner tomorrow. He will probably eat dinner finish soon and will eall you back. Tdon’t want my almost every day until the end of his dinner to get cold.” Tom’s dinner is in progress when Mary calls PRESENT BEEREEEES 2 [e 2222222 se «lf gaaaaecaq gg 4g Seeeseses eS 5 * | 2. ‘Tom eats dinner every day. Usually he eats at 5. Last week’‘Tom went to a restaurant. He began to home, but yesterday, he (car) eat at 7:00, At 7:15 Mary came into the ata restaurant, restaurant, saw Tom, and walked over to say hello, “Tom’s dinner was still in front ofhim, He hadn't finished it yet. In other words, when Mary walked into the restaurantTom (cas) —____ dinner. ‘Tom's dinner was in progress when Mary arrived, PAST dinner 3. ‘Tom ate dinner yesterday. He eats dinner every 6. ‘Tom will begin his dinner at 7:00 tonight. Mary day, In all probability, he (eat) ‘will arrive at 7:15. Tt takes Tom 30 minutes to cat dinner tomorrow his dinner. In other words, when Mary arvives tonight, Tom (cat) his dinner. Tom’s dinner will be in progress when Mary arrives, g AR OR anes & ge aa s eS €& (continued on next page) Overview of Verb Tenses 56 PRESENT PAST FUTURE PERFECT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE 7. ‘Tom finished eating dinner at 7:30 tonight. Itis now 8:00, and his mother has just come into the Kitchen, She says, “What would you like for dinner? Can I cook something for you?” Tom, says, “Thanks Mom, but I (eat, already) dinner” eq (2 2 28 zs S|8 10. Tom began to eat dinner at 7:00 tonight. It is now, at this moment, 7:15. Tom (ear) his dinner for 15 minutes, but he hasn't finished yet, In other ‘words, his dinner has been in progress for 15 2 € 7:00 (dinner began) TSminutes 8. Yesterday’Tom cooked his own dinner. He began at 7:00 andl finished at 7:30. At 8:00 his mother came into the kitchen. She offered to cook some food forTom, but he (cat, alredy) In other words, Tom had finished his dinner before he talked to his mother. (mother) 11. Last week'Tom went to a restaurant. He began to eat at 7:00. At 7:15 Mary came into the restaurant, saw“Tom, and walked over to say hello. “Tom's dinner was still in front of him. He hadn't finished it yet. In other words, when Mary walked into the restaurant, Tom (ear), —______ inner. Tom's dinner was in progress when Mary arrived. g 15 minutes’ 9. Tomorrow'Tom will begin dinner at 7:00 and finish at 7:30, His mother will come into the kitehen at 8:00. In other words, Tom (cat, already) dinner by the time his mother walks into the kitchen. :00-7:30 (dinner) 12. Tonight’Tom will go toa restaurant. He will begin to eat at 7:00. At 7:13 Mary will come into the restaurant, see Tom, and walk over ta say hello. ‘Tom's dinner will still be in front of him. He won't have finished it yet. In other words, when Mary ‘walks into the restaurant, Tom (eat) dinner for 15 minutes. ‘Tom’s dinner will have been in progress for 15 minutes by the time Mary arrives. Bimmutes CHAPTER 1> Practice 8. Verb tenses. Circle the phrase that correctly describes eae ntenee, ee ray rene 10. He is eating dinner. daily habit in the future daily habit We ate a huge dinner. She doesn’t eat hunch, P've been busy. Sam spoke to Anna. They were studying, They're sleeping. daily habit Till see you there. in the future in the future daily habit Sue plays the violi ‘Tina played the drums. & Practice 9. Verb tenses. (Charts 1 ) Circle the letter of each word or phrase that can complete the sentence. More than one completion may be correct. L. v 10. qa. ‘We will be there __. a. now b. soon Iv's raining really hard —_. a, right now b. last week. Shhh! The movie is beginning a. daily b. now ‘The newspaper hasn’t come —__ a. tomorrow b. all day We are enjoying the nice weather a, now b, this week Tam going to study —_. a. last night b, next month John has been sleeping —__ a. since 9:00 bb, all day He worked hard __. a. last week b. now Carlos was studying —__. a. at midnight b, when we came We'll see you a, tomorrow b. a minute ago Til be talking to you __. a. soon b. now past and present past and present past and present c c is ce co $i ce ce «, c at this time) in the past at this time in the past atthis time in the past past only only today past only daily habit at this time in the past at this time daily habit habit in the past at this time dail at this time at this time in the past next week tomorrow right now since Monday sometimes this weekend for two hours yesterday in a week in the morning in a few days Overview of Verb Tenses 7> Practice 10. Verb tenses. (Chai , Write the letters of all the phrases that can complete each sentence. 1. Every day 2 5. Pretty soon the weather a. memorize new vocabulary a. will turn cold b, am memorizing new vocabulary b. is going to turn cold ¢. was memorizing new vocabulary c. will be turning cold 2, Right now it __. 6, While you were sleeping, a, is snowing a. your mom stopped by b, was snowing b. your mom has stopped by c. snows: cc. your mom was stopping by 3. By the time the plane lands, _____. 7. Before you got here, ‘ a, Thave finished my book a, [had been cleaning my room b, Iwill have finished my book b, Lam cleaning my room ¢. Thad been finishing my book c. Iwill have cleaned my room 4. Tomorrow at this time —__. 8. ‘They had left the restaurant a, we will have arrived home a. before we arrived b. we will be arriving home b. after we arrived . we arrived home c. by the time we arrived > Practice 11. Spelling of -ing forms. ( Write the -ing form of each verb in the correct column. at 1-6) Just add -ing tothe — | Drop the final-eand | Double the final letter simple form. add ~ing. and add -ing. 1, arrive arriving . copy copying w]e . cue cutting s enjoy 5. fill 6. happen 7. hope 8. leave 9. make 10, rub 11. stay 12, stop 13. take 14. win 15. work, 8 CHAPTER!> Practice 12. Spelling of -ed forms. (Chart 1-6) Write the -ed form for each verb in the correct column. Just add -ed to the simple form. ‘Add -d only. Double the final letter and add . bother bothered - Copy copied _ enjoy . fasten - fear occur » pat . play rain, . refer - reply 12. return 13. scare 14, ry 15. walk Overview of Verb Tenses 9& Practice 13. Spelling of -ing and -ed forms. (Chart 1-4) Write the ing and -ed form for each word in the correct column, sing -ed 1. prefer preferring preferred 2. study 3. work 4. offer 5. kiss 6. play 7. faint 8. allow 9. stop 10, tie Li. die 12, fold 13. uy 14. decide 15. hop > Practice 14. Chapter review. (Chapier 1) Read the conversation between a new teacher and his students on the first day of class. Write the correct form of the verbs in parentheses to complete the conversation. Part [. The first day of the new semester. TEACHER: — Good morning, students, I’m your new music teacher, Tom Piazza. STUDENT 1: Hello, Mr. Piazza. How (you, spell) 5 Mn, Piazza: I (spell) —_____it almost like pizza, but it (have) z an extra “A” in the middle. Srupenr 2: Where ( you, be), —__________ from, Mr. Piazza? ‘Mr, Piazza: Well I (be) —_____ Italian, You can tell that by the name. 1 was born in Italy, but I (live) ___ there for only two years as a child. My parents (move) _______ to NewYork with the whole family when I was just two years old. TO CHAPTERSTUDENT 3: Mr. Piazza: STUDENT 5: Mr, Piazza: Oh, (vot, grow) —__up in NewYork then? Yes, I did. I grew up in New York City. So when (you, come) _______ here to Springfield? Just two weeks ago, I (arvite) _______ here just two weeks ago! I (be) Z here for two weeks. Only two weeks! Well, (yom lite) _______ Springfield? Tae een ey ide. ant dove Day) 7 downtown in the PriceWise Hotel. I (ook) — for an i apartment near this school now. In fact, I (look) B for an apartment for two weeks. [hope that I (find) _________ one soon. 16 Part I. Two weeks later. STUDENT MR. Pras STUDENT: Mr. Piazza: (yous, find) —______ an apartment yet, Mr. Piazza? Yes, have. As you knows I (look) for one for the 18 past two weeks, and then over the weekend, I found a Great! When (you, move) —___ in? Next weekend, Usually I (give) _ a piano lessons all day on Saturdays, but next Saturday I won't be giving lessons. Next Saturday and Sunday — all day — 1 (move) —_____ all my things into my new place. It will take the whole weekend, I'm sure. But next Monday at this time, I (move) everything into my new 2 apartment. I (be) ____________ very happy here in Springfield in the future, I know, Overview of Verb Tenses 11. Chapter 2 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive & Practice 1. The simple present and the present progressive, (Charts 2-] ar Complete the sentences. Write the simple present or the present progressive form of the verbs in parentheses. 1, The sun (se) ___sets ___in the west every evening. 2. Look! The sun (set) ______ behind the mountain now. How beautiful! 3. ‘The football players ( practice) on the field right now. 4, The football players ( practiee) ___ on the field every afternoon. 5. Lalways (listen) __________ to the radio when I’m in my ear. 6. The traffic is bad today, but it isn’t bothering me, I (ister) —_ my favorite morning talk show with Jack LaLoule, who is very funny. 7, Sam and Lara (talk) ______ othe phone every night 8. Sam and Lara (talk) _____ on the phone right now, so I can’t c: Lara. Her line is busy. 9. Tl call you back in a little while, We (eat) —___ dinner right. now. 10. My grandparents usually (ear) __ dinner carly, They often go out to their favorite restaurant for the early dinner special at 5:30. > Practice 2. The simple present and the present progressive, (Cha Circle the correct verb. 12 1 yeep pax e Because of the force of gravity, objects (fall / are failing) down and not up. I's autumn! The leaves. ( fall / are falling), and winter will soon be here. Coffee (grows / is growing) in mountainous areas, not in deserts. Oh, you (grow /are growing) so fast, Johnny! Soon you'll be taller than your dad. ‘Near the Arctic Circle, the sun (shines / is shining) for more than twenty hours a day at the ‘beginning of the summer. It's a beautiful day! The sun (shines /is shining) and the birds (sing / ave singing). Maria is a professional singer. She (sings / is singing) in the opera every season. Olga likes mysteries. She (reads / is reading) one mystery book every week. Hello, Sarah? I (call /am calling) you from my car. I’m going to be a little late for lunch,> Practice 3. The ple present and the present progressive. $s 2-1 and 2-2) Complete the sentences. Write either the simple present or the present progressive form of the verbs in the list. Use each verb only once. belong bleed mean shrink ty bite fail Y own sleep 1, ‘The bank lent us money for a down payment, so now we ___own ___ the house we used to rent, 2. Shhh! I _______ to concentrate. I can’t hear myself think with all that noise going on. 3. This book is mine. That one ____ to Pierre. 4. Shhh! The baby 0, We don’t want to wake him up. 5. Singular one” 6. ‘That sweater won't fit you if you wash it in hot water. Wool ____ in hot water. 7. Look at Joan. She _____ her fingernails, She must be nervous. 8. A: Juan! What's the matter with your hand? It ‘B; I just cut it when I was using a knife. It’s not serious, I'll wash it and put a bandage on it. 9, A: My grades in school are terrible this term, [__________ three of my courses, B: Maybe you can improve them before the end of the term if you start studying. » Practice 4. Non-progressive verbs. (Chart 2-3 Write the letter of the correct completion. 1. There you are! Behind the tee! I you. a. see b. am seeing 2. My mother’s hearing has been getting worse for several months, She ___ a specialist right now. a, sees b, is seeing 3. Do you see that man? 1 ___ him. He was my high school English teacher. a, recognize ‘b, am recognizing 4. My favorite actor at the Paramount Theater. a, currently appears b. is currently appearing 5. A: Is my voice loud enough? B: Yes, a. [hear you b. Tam hearing you Present ond Pasi; Simple and Progressive 13> Practice 5. The present progressive to describe a temporary state. ( 14 9. 10, Circle the letter of the cor A: Aren’t you having any coffee? B: No, ——. a, prefer tea b, I'm preferring tea » A: What’s on your mind? B:I__. . think about my family b, am thinking about my family A: Did you make a decision yet? B: No, a, Ineed your opinion b. T'm needing your opinion A: Why are you staring at me? B: a, You resemble your mom so much b. You are resembling your mom so much A: Thete’s Dr. Jones on a motorcycle! Do you believe it? —_. B; a, Yeah, he owns several b. Yeah, he is owning several 2nd foot’ -ct completion, If the situation describes a temporary state, choose the present progressive. 1 v v My husband and J are short, but our children, a) are tall b, are being tall Jane’s an intelligent woman, but she won't see a doctor about those headaches she has. She now. a. is foolish b) is being foolish ‘The teacher spoke harshly to the children because they were too noisy, so now they a. are quiet b. are being quiet Don’t eat that chocolate dessert, It —__. a. is not healthy b. is not being healthy Timmy! Those are bad words you're saying to Mr. Hawkes. You a. are not polite b, are not being polite I'm worried about Jeff. He has pneumonia, He __. a, is very ill b. is being very ill CHAPTER 2» Practice 6. Regular and irregular verbs. nc 2-5) Read the passage about Spumik. History changed on October 4th, 1957 when the Soviet Union successfully launched* Sputnik I. The world’s first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball (58 m., or 22.8 in.), weighed only 83.6 kg., or 183.9 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in** new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Spur launch was a single event, it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-Soviet Union space race. Part I. Circle the eight past tense verbs in the passage. Part IE, Answer the questions according to the information in the passage. Circle “T” if the statement is true. Circle “F” if the statement is false. 1. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. tT oF 2. ‘The first satellite was about the size of a golf ball. Ti 3. ‘The first orbit around the Earth took about an hour and a half, T -F 4, Sprunile went into space several times. T oF 5. This first launch was the beginning of the space age and the space race. = TF > Practice 7. Regular and irregular verbs. (Char 1d 2-5) Complete the sentences, Write the simple past tense of the verbs in bold. Paré 1, Regular verbs: ‘The simple past and past participle end in -ed, 1, Sandy works ata bakery, She ___norked _ there last Saturday, 2. Burt often listens to old Beatles songs. He listened __ to some last night too. 3. Ana and Juan study English in a group on Saturday mornings. Last Saturday, they the irregular past tense verbs. 4, Itvains every afternoon in the summer, Yesterday it___ all afternoon and all night too, Part i, Irregular verbs: The simple past and past participle do not end in -ed. ‘Watch out! Those glasses break easily. Uh-oh... one glass just 6. Nowadays, 1 occasionally swim for exercise when I have time, but I every day when I was a child, 7. Lightning sometimes hits trees in this area, In the last storm, a lightning bolt my neighbor's tree and caused it to fall on his house “faunch start something, usually something big or important. Present and Past; Simple ond Pr» Practice 8. Irregular verbs. (Chart 2-5) Complete the sentences, Write the simple past tense of the verbs in bold. Group f. 1. This year corn costs a lot more than it ____ last year. 2. Gail generally shuts the door very quietly, but tonight she ___ it with a loud bang because she was very angry. 3. Tusually cut my daughter's hair myselE, but last week I was sick and she went ro a hairdresser. He it wo short, and she wasn’t happy. 4, Andrew moves from job to job, Normally, he works for about a year and then quits, but on this last job, he ____ after only one month. Group 2. 5. Sometimes I forget things. Yesterday 1 _____ to take my keys with me, and when I got home, I couldn’t get into my house, 6, Presidents choose their assistants and their cabinet officers. Last week the president _ the chief financial officer of a major bank: to be the secretary of the treasury. 7. Lam a history major, [take a lot of history courses. Last semester I Medieval European History and Modern African History. 8. Jenny always gives generous presents, Last year she me a beautiful silver picture frame from Mexico. > Practice 9. Inegular verbs. (Chart 2-5) Complete the sentences. Write the simple past tense of the verbs in bold. Group 3. 1. The concert usually begins on time, but tonight it _____ ten minutes late. 2. The opera star generally sings beautifully, but last night he ___________ poorly because he was getting a cold. 3. Joe runs in marathons. Last year he in the New York Marathon. 4. Keisha usually drinks green tea. At our house, we didn’t have any green tea, so she decaffeinated coffee. Group 4. 5. Talways buy fresh vegetables on the weekend. Last Saturday [— fresh asparagus. 6. Mr. Joseph teaches Spanish in high school. He my mother Spanish in the same high school 25 years ago. 7. Our basketball team doesn’t win many games, but we last Friday night. 16 CHAPTER 25. The other team is an excellent team, and they rarely lose a game. But they the game last Friday night, 9. A: Isn’t Helen sti here? She usually leaves alter six, doesn’t she? B: Not today. She —___ early for a dentist’s appointment. 10. A: Don’t tell this to Grandma, Bad news about the fam always upsets her. B: I told her already, And it’s wue — the bad news her. She cried. & Practice 10. Irregular verbs, (Chari 2-5) Complete the sentences. Write the simple past tense of the verbs in bold. Group 5. 1, know the whole Grant famil y; I know their aunts, uncles, and cousins, and 1 __ their grandparents long ago, 2. ‘Tom isa pilot. He flies across the Atlantic Ocean regularly, Last month he — to Australia for the first time. 3. Trarely do all of my homework, Last night 1 ______ about half of it before I went to bed for the night, 4. My friends and I usually see a movie on Friday nights, Last Friday night we the new science-fiction movie, Robor Planet, Group 6. 5. Joanna is an excellent runner. She runs in the Olympic Games. She _— in the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004 and in Beijing in 2008 6. Aunt Jessie rarely comes to our house. But last year she _____ for my brother’s wedding, 7. When you mix red paint and yellow paint, it becomes orange paint. Yesterday I mixed yellow paint with blue paint, and it_____green, Group 7. 8. A: Your mother is an English teacher, right? B: Well, she ________an English teacher until she retired. Now she writes books to teach people English. 9, A: You go to the math review sessions on Monday nights, don’t you? Yes, Ido. 1 ___to the review session last night Group 8. 10. Some children dream of becoming astronauts. I didn’t, I always ___ of becoming a famous writer 11, Musicians learn to play instruments when they are very young, My cousin ars old, to play the violin when she was only four y Present and Past; simple and Progressive 1712. Fires burn quickly in this dry weather. Last month a fire for a week in the national park. 13. Be careful! The milk is going to spill! Uh-oh. Too late. It rug. & Practice 11. Irregular verbs. (Chart 2-5) Write the simple past and the past participle forms of the verbs. out of control all over the Simple Form Simple Past Past Participle 1. sell sold sold 2. buy 3. begin [ 4. have 5. catch 6 quit 7. find 8. make 9. take 10. break 11. come 12. lose 13, sleep 14. build 15, fight 18 CHAPTER 2> Practice 12. Irregular verbs. (Chari ‘Complete the verb chart. Write the missing ple present, simple past, or past participle forms, Simple Form Simple Past Past Participle 1. understand understood understood 2. spent 3. let a seen 5. teach 6. spoke Re gone 8. pay 9. forgotten 10. wrote 11. fall 12. 13. left 14, upset 15. flown, » Practice 13. Irregular verbs. (Char! 2-5) In this exercise, a police reporter interviews the victim of a theft. ‘The victim answers the questions, using a past tense verb, Write the victim’s words, 1. Reporter: So, a thief broke into your home last night? Victim: Yes, a thief into my home last night, 2. Reporter: Did he steal anything? vicnia ‘Yes,he ________ some things. 3. Reporter: Did you know he was in your apartment? Victim: Yes, I he was in my apartment, 4. Reporter: Did you hear him come in? Vicrim: Yes, ____ him come in. 5. Reporter: Did the police come? vi ‘Yes, the police 6. RePorTER: Did your hands shake when you called the police? Victim: Yes,my hands _____ when I called them. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 197. Reporrer: Did he hide in your garden? Victim: Yes,he —___ in my garden. 8. Rerorrer: Did the police find him? Victim: Yes, the police —__________ him. 9. Reporrer: Did they fight with him? VicriM: Yes, they —_____ with him. 10, Rerorrer: Did he run away? Vicia: Yes, he —_____ away. 11, Reporter: Did they shoot at him? Vicrim: Yes, they —____ at him 12, ReroRTER: Did they catch him? Vicrim: Yes, they —_____ him. » Practice 14. Simple past of irregular verbs. (Chart 2-5) Complete the sentences, Write the simple past of the irregular verbs in the list. Pay special attention to spelling. Use each verb only once. Y bite catch hold pay sting blow feel mean quit swim 1. I broke a tooth when I ___bit__ into a piece of hard candy. 2. The little boy _______ his mother’s hand as they walked toward the school bus. 3. Maria promised to help us. I hope she what she said. 4. Arthur ____ outall of the candles on his birthday cake. 5, We both ___ eating fried foods three months ago, and we already feel much better. 6. Douglas the outside of his pocket to make sure his wallet was still there, 7. Abee ________ me on the hand while I was working in the garden. 8, Matthew Webb was the first person who ____ across the English Channel. 9, Paul _____ mueh more for his bike than I spent for mine. 10. Rita threw the ball high in the air. Daniel ____ it when it came down, 20 CHAPTER 2> Practice 15. Simple past of irregular verbs. (Chart 2-5 ‘Complete the sentences. Write the simple past form of the irregular verbs in the list. Pay special attention to spelling. Use each verb only once. bet freeze* sink split choose lead ¥ spend ‘upset fly ring spin weep 1. Dr. Perez ____spent___ ten hours in the operating room performing delicate surgery. 2. On my first day at the university, my English teacher ____ the class to our classroom. We all followed him, 3. Sally and I made a friendly bet. | ___ heer that my grade on the math test would be higher than hers. 4. 1____ when I heard the tragic news. Everyone else cried too. 5. Asshe got up, Lina ___the table, and everything on top of it fell to the floor, 6. Paul wanted to make a fire, but the logs were too big. So he ___ them with his axe. 7. When I threw a piece of wood from the shore, it floated on top of the water. When I threw a rock, it immediately to the bottom of the lake. 8. In 1927, Charles Lindbergh ___________ from New York to Paris in 33 hours and 30 minutes. 9. When the children _____ around and around, they became dizzy. 10. The telephone ______ several times and then stopped before I could answer it. 11. William had trouble deciding which sweater he liked best, but he finally ___ the blue one. 12. The cold temperatures the water in the pond, so we can go ice-skating today. » Practice 16. The simple past and the past progressive. (Chars 2-7 ‘Complete the sentences, Write the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Maria (call) ____ me as soon as she got the good news. 2. Last night at about nine o'clock we (warci) ____'TV when someone knocked at the door. 3. During the study period in class yesterday, it was hard for me to concentrate because the student next to me (/uwn) 4. When Harry (mee?) ____ Jenny, he immediately fell in love with her. Jack was rushing to catch the bus when I (see) ____ him. *prcexe = stop moving completely Present ond Past; Simple ond Progressive 27