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Chapter III - Revised No.2

This chapter outlines the methodology used for the research study. It will employ a quantitative research method to investigate tourists' motivations and intentions regarding a dark tourism tour in Intramuros. The study will survey 300 tourists who have participated in the tour. Purposive sampling will be used to select respondents who can provide insights about their motivations for dark tourism. Survey questions will assess respondents' demographics and motivations using a Likert scale. Statistical analysis including percentages and weighted means will be used to analyze the data collected.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
36 views10 pages

Chapter III - Revised No.2

This chapter outlines the methodology used for the research study. It will employ a quantitative research method to investigate tourists' motivations and intentions regarding a dark tourism tour in Intramuros. The study will survey 300 tourists who have participated in the tour. Purposive sampling will be used to select respondents who can provide insights about their motivations for dark tourism. Survey questions will assess respondents' demographics and motivations using a Likert scale. Statistical analysis including percentages and weighted means will be used to analyze the data collected.

Uploaded by

Nigel Madriñan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains various components and elements that outline the
framework and procedures for conducting a research study. It covers the
research design, respondents, research instruments, validity and reliability, the
data collection process, and ethical considerations. It also discusses the
strategies and techniques employed in the study.

Research Design

This study will employ a quantitative research method to investigate and


determine the tourists' motivations and intentions when engaging with Intramuros
After the Dark Tour. As per Williams (2021), quantitative research will be utilized
to gain a deeper understanding of the social world, allowing researchers to
observe events and situations impacting people. The study will focus on
ascertaining both positive and negative opinions held by tourists regarding Dark
Tourism.

Meanwhile, the researchers will be in the process of gathering the necessary


information to establish the motivations of tourists who have already experienced
the Intramuros After the Dark Tour. The study will be instrumental in developing
an action plan aimed at improving the services and facilities of Intramuros to
attract more tourists to engage in dark tourism activities. The researchers aim to
demonstrate that Dark Tourism is intriguing and offers unique experiences to
tourists. The results of this study will serve to enhance tourists' visits and
engagement in Dark Tourism locations, particularly in Intramuros.

Population and Sampling Technique

The research will be founded upon the investigation of 300 tourists who
will actively engage in the Intramuros Dark Tour. This sample will be meticulously
chosen to act as a precise representation of the larger population of tourists who
will partake in this distinctive tour experience. Through the study of this particular
group, our objective will be to derive valuable insights that can be applied to
improve the overarching comprehension of tourists' motivations within the context
of the Intramuros Dark Tour.

In this study, the researchers will choose purposive sampling as their


preferred method for selecting participants. Purposive sampling will be
deliberately employed to select specific individuals or elements from the larger
population. The selection criteria will be determined by the research objectives
and the necessity to gather insights or information from individuals who possess
particular characteristics, experiences, or expertise that are relevant to the study.

Respondents of the Study


The researchers will employ purposive sampling with the aim of collecting
data from 169 respondents, the research will be conducted based on a sample
of 300 tourists who have actively taken part in the Intramuros Dark Tour, thus
constituting a representative sample of the entire population of tourists who
engage in this specific tour experience.

This approach allows the researchers to focus on


those who have joined the Dark Tour
and gather data closely aligned with their research objectives. It's
important to emphasize that the use of purposive sampling in this study
represents a deliberate and strategic choice to obtain information from particular
participants capable of providing valuable insights into the research subject. The
study's respondents consist of individuals who experienced the 'Intramuros After
the Dark Tour.' They may include both domestic and international tourists who
visited Intramuros with the intention of exploring its enriched darker historical
aspects. These respondents were selected because they offer unique insights
into their motivations regarding dark tourism sites, all with the ultimate goal of
enhancing the branding and promotion of dark tourism.

Research Instrument

The researchers extend formal recognition to the comprehensive research


conducted by Lewis et al. in 2021. The survey instrument will be available in both
electronic and physical formats to accommodate individuals who may not have
access to a mobile phone. Additionally, a QR code will be provided for the
purpose of facilitating a streamlined and efficient survey process.

Descriptive statistics will be implemented, involving surveys as stated by


Lewis, et al. (2021). The researchers will create questionnaires comprising two
sections. The initial section will encompass the demographic characteristics of
the respondents to categorize individual differences, including age, gender,
education level, marital status, personal annual income. The second section of
the questionnaires will explain tourist’s motivations regarding dark tourism,
exploring experiences in dark tourism, engaging entertainment, unique learning
experiences, and casual interest.

In the first section of the questionnaire, respondents will be instructed to


select their answers from the provided options. The motivation construct consists
of 33 item statements from four dimensions which include engaging
entertainment, dark experience, unique learning experience, and casual interest.
Dark experience consisted of nine statements, related to death, fascination with
abnormal and/or bizarre events.

Meanwhile, the remaining parts of the questionnaire will utilize a five-point


Likert scale, in which respondents will be requested to rate on a scale of 1 to 5,
as demonstrated in the table below.

Dark tourism: motivations separately using five-point Likert scale (“1 =


extremely unimportant”; “5 = extremely important”).

Scale Point Scale


Interpretation

4.21 – 5.00 Extremely important

3.41 – 4.20 Important

2.61 – 3.40 Neither important or


unimportant

1.81 – 2.60 unimportant

1.00 - 1.80 Extremely


unimportant

Table 1. The Five–Point Likert Scale

Data Gathering Procedures

The research instrument will be distributed to the respondents once the


study receives approval, and the researchers will personally administer it. The
survey will be conducted at Intramuros and will be integrated into various social
media platforms or Intramuros forums. If the respondents have already
experienced the Intramuros After Dark Tour, they will be queried based on
specific criteria. In addition, all 169 respondents will be presented with the same
set of questions.

The data collected through the survey will be organized in a Google


spreadsheet and then forwarded to a statistician for further analysis.
Subsequently, the researchers will tabulate, analyze, and interpret the
information based on the statistical results to generate accurate and meaningful
findings.

Ethical Consideration

During the research process, the researchers thought of various ethical


considerations. The personal details of the respondents, school, and the
establishments were assured of its confidentiality. This is to preserve
respondents' privacy and provide them a sense of security.
Furthermore, the researchers will meticulously record all the data. All of
the information was gathered and the methodologies and processes were
conducted in a non-manipulative manner, ensuring the validity and integrity of the
research findings. Permission was initially obtained from the school authority,
and consent was acquired to conduct research procedures. The researchers
draft a formal letter to express their gratitude and appreciation to the individuals
and organizations that play a pivotal role in contributing to our research
endeavors. This letter serves as a token of their recognition for the invaluable
support and collaboration provided throughout the research process.

To respect the respondents’ right as the participant of the study, the


researchers explained the study clearly using simple terms to make them aware
of the research objectives.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data were collated, categorized, arranged, tabulated and subjected to


statistics to answer the study's questions.

The Likert scales will be utilized to interpret the survey questionnaires,


providing a method to assign numerical values to quantitative data for statistical
analysis. Each available response option will be assigned a numerical value, and
upon completion of the assessment or survey, an average score for all the
responses will be computed. The responses will be based on the respondents'
assessments of their motivations. The respondents will rate questions related to
their motivations, including dark experiences, engaging entertainment, unique
learning experiences, and casual interest.

Percentage values will be employed in the demographic profile, while


weighted means will be calculated for the motivations of the respondents.
Scale Point Scale Interpretation

4.21 – 5.00 Extremely


important

3.41 – 4.20 Important

2.61 – 3.40 Neither important


or unimportant

1.81 – 2.60 unimportant

1.00 - 1.80 Extremely


unimportant

Table 3. The Five–Point Likert Scale

The following statistical methods were employed in all the sections of the
survey questionnaire:

1. Percentage is used to assess the amount of the questionnaire responses


particularly in the demographic profile. It compares things and ratios. The formula
is as follows:
Where:
f = number of responses
N = total number of respondents
P = percentage equivalent

2. Weighted Mean is used to evaluate the level of agreement on the touristic


experience of the respondents. The formula for calculating weighted means is as
follows:

Where:

x̄ = weighted mean

f = frequency

x = weight of end each option

N = total number of respondents

= summation
3. Factor Analysis will help identify underlying factors or dimensions within the
data, potentially revealing common patterns or relationships among the selected
variables.

Where:

L= matrix of factor loadings

Λj= jth eigenvalue

tr(R)= trace of correlation matrix

tr(S)= trace of covariance matrix

4. Regression Analysis will explore the relationships between the identified


factors or dimensions and tourist motivations. It will help in understanding which
factors have the most influence on the tourists' engagement with dark tourism.

Where:

Y= dependent variable

X= independent variable

A= intercept

B= slope

E= residual

5. ANOVA will test the significance of differences in tourist motivations across


different profile variables, which is crucial for developing a data-driven action plan
for strengthening tourism branding.

Where:
F= Anova coefficient

MSB= Mean sum of squares between the groups

MSW = Mean sum of squares within the groups


MSE = Mean sum of squares due to error

SST = total Sum of squares

p = Total number of populations

n = The total number of samples in a population

SSW = Sum of squares within the groups

SSB = Sum of squares between the groups

SSE = Sum of squares due to error

s = Standard deviation of the samples

N = Total number of observations

References

Wang, E., Shen, C., Zheng, J., Wu, D., & Cao, N. (2021). The antecedents and
consequences of awe in dark tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(8), 1169-
1183. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13683500.2020.1782857

Jordan, E. J., & Prayag, G. (2022). Residents’ cognitive appraisals, emotions,


and coping strategies at local dark tourism sites. Journal of Travel Research,
61(4), 887-902.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00472875211004761

Prayag, G., Buda, D. M., & Jordan, E. J. (2021). Mortality salience and meaning
in life for residents visiting dark tourism sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,
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https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09669582.2020.1823398

Sharma, P., & Nayak, J. K. (2019). Dark tourism: tourist value and loyalty
intentions. Tourism Review, 74(4), 915-929.
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/TR-11-2018-0156/full/html

Juan, Y., Kang, S. K., Lee, C. K., Choi, Y., & Reisinger, Y. (2020). Understanding
views on war in dark tourism: A mixed-method approach. Journal of Travel &
Tourism Marketing, 37(7), 823-835.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10548408.2020.1835789
Lv, X., Lu, R., Xu, S., Sun, J., & Yang, Y. (2022). Exploring visual embodiment
effect in dark tourism: The influence of visual darkness on dark experience.
Tourism Management, 89, 104438.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261517721001576

Schneider, A., Anghel-Vlad, S., Negrut, L., Goje, G., & Para, I. (2021). Tourists'
motivations for visiting dark tourism sites: Case of Romania. The Annals of the
University of Oradea. Economic Sciences, 30(1).
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2019&q=Subjective+Norms+in+Dark+Tourism&b
tnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1697784793371&u=%23p%3DeaBagxoIW90J

Adelan, L. A., Carillo, L. V., & Delantar, A. F. A. (2023). Dark Tourism: Tourist
Motivations at The Site of Grief in Liberty Shrine, Cebu, Philippines. International
Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(5),
1409-1416. http://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/view/983

Archie, T., Hayward, C. N., Yoshinobu, S., & Laursen, S. L. (2022). Investigating
the linkage between professional development and mathematics instructors' use
of teaching practices using the theory of planned behavior. PLOS ONE, 17(4),
e0267097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267097

============PRE-ORAL DEFENSE IS UNTIL HERE ONLY===========

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
1.
2.
Conclusions
1.
2.
Recommendations
1.
2.

REFERENCES

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