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Vector Class Xi

This document discusses key concepts about vectors including: 1. Vectors have both magnitude and direction and are represented by arrows. Equal vectors have the same magnitude and direction regardless of location. 2. Vectors can be represented in 2D and 3D space using their x, y, and z components and unit vectors. 3. The resultant vector is the single vector equal to the sum of other vectors acting on a point. Vectors can be added using algebraic methods or the triangle law of addition. 4. There are two types of vector multiplication: dot products which are scalar, and cross products which are vectors and perpendicular to both original vectors.

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15 views

Vector Class Xi

This document discusses key concepts about vectors including: 1. Vectors have both magnitude and direction and are represented by arrows. Equal vectors have the same magnitude and direction regardless of location. 2. Vectors can be represented in 2D and 3D space using their x, y, and z components and unit vectors. 3. The resultant vector is the single vector equal to the sum of other vectors acting on a point. Vectors can be added using algebraic methods or the triangle law of addition. 4. There are two types of vector multiplication: dot products which are scalar, and cross products which are vectors and perpendicular to both original vectors.

Uploaded by

sadafmurtaza231
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AKRAM 9051835248

VECTOR (BASIC)
VECTOR QUNTITIES

There are quantities in physics and science characterised by both magnitude and
direction such as displacement, velocity , acceleration etc . To describe such types of
quantities , we introduce the concept of vector . These quantities are represented by a line
segment.

We will denote the vector by letter with an arrow over them. Thus the vector PQ
having P as initial point and Q as final point, may be denoted by 𝐴⃗ .

In general two vectors are said to be equal vectors if they have the same magnitude
and same direction. So, in Figure, the vectors −−→ CD and −→ AB are equal even though
their locations differ.

B C

Equal vectors

This is a useful and important property of vectors: a vector is defined only by its direction
and magnitude, not by its location in space. These vectors are often called free vectors. The
vector ‘–a’ is a vector in the opposite direction to ‘a’, but has the same magnitude as ‘a’, as
shown in Figure A

B A

Geometrically, if a = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 then −a = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐴.
AKRAM 9051835248
REPRESENTATION OF A VECTO IN 2D

Any vector in 2D can be represented by x and y component of x-axis and y-axis . In above
representation 𝑖̂ and 𝑗̂ are unit vector along x-axis and y-axis both having magnitude 1.

|r| is magnitude of the vector

REPRESENTATION OF A VECTO IN 3D

Here both x-axis and y-axis are same as in 2D but here in 3D one more axis is
introduce which is z-axis. Unit vector along z-axis is represented by 𝑘̂ .

α ,β ,γ are the angle of vector r with x-axis ,y-axis and z-axis respectively and |r| is
magnitude of vector.

UNIT VECTOR

As we know unit vector along x,y,z axis is 𝑖̂, 𝑗̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘̂ respectively, there is also unit
vector along every direction in co-ordinate. calculation of unit vector (𝑟̂ ) along the direction
of a given vector (𝑟⃗) is driven below.
AKRAM 9051835248

RESULTANT VECTOR

When one or more than one vector act at a point, the effect of all vectors act as a
single vector and in a single direction. This vector is known as resultant vector.

ADDITION OF TWO VECTORS

Two vectors is added normally by algebraic method.

But when we have to add magnitude of two vector then we have to follow
triangle law . if we have given two vector of magnitude |A| ,| B| and angle between
them is Ѳ ,then we can added them using triangle law.

TRIANGLE LAW OF ADDITION

When two vectors are represented by two side of triangle having magnitude and
act in same direction, their resultant will be the third closing side of triangle
represented in magnitude and act in opposite direction of them.

𝐶⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + 𝐵
⃗⃗
In given figure OP is resultant of OQ and QP. We draw the
line from Q to R and draw a perpendicular on R .

∴ 𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝑅 2 + 𝑅𝑃2
𝑂𝑃2 = (𝑂𝑄 + 𝑄𝑅)2 + 𝑅𝑃2

𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝑄 2 + 𝑄𝑅 2 + 2 𝑂𝑄 𝑄𝑅 + 𝑅𝑃2

𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝑄 2 + 𝑃𝑄 2 + 2 𝑂𝑄 𝑃𝑄 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ѳ [𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝑅2 + 𝑅𝑃2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ѳ]

|𝑪|𝟐 = |𝑨|𝟐 + |𝑩|𝟐 + 𝟐|𝑨||𝑩| 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽


𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑄 sin 𝜃 𝑃𝑄 sin 𝜃 |𝑩| 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
tan 𝜑 = 𝑂𝑅 = 𝑂𝑄+𝑄𝑅
= 𝑂𝑄+𝑃𝑄 cos 𝜃
𝝋 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 |𝑨|+|𝑩| 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
AKRAM 9051835248

Key Point

Vector Addition

a + b = b + a vector addition is commutative

a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c vector addition is associative

PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS

Product of two vectors may be scalar or a vector depending on the vector quantities
which are multiplied. There are two type of vector multiplication.

1. Scalar product or (dot product)


2. Vector product or (cross product)

SACLAR PRODUCT (DOT PRODUCT)

Scalar product of two vector A and B is the product of magnitude of vector A , B


and cosine of angle between them.

as we know 𝑖̂, 𝑗̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘̂ are unit vector

if two vectors are given in vector form, dot product will be given below
AKRAM 9051835248
VECTOR PRODUCT (CROSS PRODUCT)

Vector product of two vector A and B is the product of their magnitude and
sine of angle between them and directed toward perpendicular to both A and B.

𝑛̂ (𝑛̂ is unit vector perpendicular to both A and B)

If vector are given in vector form

𝑟1 ∗ 𝑟⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (𝑦1 𝑧2 − 𝑦2 𝑧1 )𝑖̂ + (𝑧1 𝑥2 − 𝑧2 𝑥1 )𝑗̂ + (𝑥1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑥2 )𝑘̂


⃗⃗⃗⃗

Key Point

Vector multiplication

a . b = b . a vector dot product is commutative

a * b= - b * a vector cross product is not commutative

ALWAYS CREATIVE ABOUT PHYSICS 𝜓𝜓 ∗

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