Core Strategy Building Sustainable Communities
Core Strategy Building Sustainable Communities
In order to shape the content of this new development framework, we would like to know:-
1
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
This document is intended to generate discussion about a key element of the LDF
Context
The Local Development Framework (LDF) takes as its starting point the vision, aims and
objectives set out in Plymouth’s City Strategy and Action Plan (the Community Strategy).
Its task is to provide an integrated framework within which the spatial aspects of this vision
can be delivered.
The LDF is also guided by the principles set out in the Mackay vision for Plymouth,
seeking to bring about a step change in the quality, pace and intensity of development.
Within this context, the LDF needs to be based on the principles of promoting sustainable
development, providing a long term direction which will lead to Plymouth realising its full
potential as -
’One of Europe’s finest, most vibrant waterfront cities, where an outstanding quality
of life is enjoyed by everyone’.
2
local development framework
• Reducing the impact of social exclusion, so that the needs of all its citizens are met by
high quality, cost effective services;
• Promoting a clean and green city that makes the most of its environment.
• Ensuring that both strategic and local infrastructure is provided in a co-ordinated way.
• Enabling the community benefits arising from major new development to be targeted
to the priorities in each neighbourhood.
If we are going to improve our quality of life we need to reflect on the way we live, how we
could improve it and the ways we can use change positively to bring this about.
The starting point for this must be the recognition that urban form has a fundamental
impact on the way we live and interact. Therefore, like all other cities, if Plymouth is going
to realise its aspirations we need to consider:-
• What has caused, and how do we reverse, the trends of decline and decay, pessimism
and under investment that has beset our city in recent years?
• How do we create the quality of life and vitality that makes urban living desirable?
3
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
It is generally recognised that, since the industrial revolution with its pollution, slums and
short-term vision, we have lost ownership of our city, and destroyed our confidence in its
ability to serve our needs. While the Abercrombie Plan for Plymouth started to address
this issue, we still face a number of problems common to many other cities:-
• The relationships between people and place have been severed. Our attempts
to escape the problems of the industrialised city, together with the economic trends
towards the relocation of activities to the suburbs, has had mixed results. The
resulting suburban living has brought its own conflicts between Town and Country,
expansion at the periphery and decline at the centre, and with edge of town housing
estates, out of town retail and business parks. The result has been an over reliance
on the car to the detriment of walkability and effective public transport.
• This fragmentation of the city has in turn damaged the potential of our core
institutions – schools, hospitals, workplaces etc. – to play their part in the city’s
unifying role.
• The consequences of the way we live, from global warming to local air quality, is now
better understood, leading to growing pressure for changes to safeguard the legacy for
future generations.
• The technological revolution, with its new networks connecting people from the local
to the global, is likely to have a profound effect on how we live in the future.
The extent to which we respond to these issues will impact upon our quality of life. If our
urban framework fails, we lose much more than physical structures. Our economy relies
on the productivity of our city. The cohesion of our communities relies on an urban form
that supports core institutions. Urban development needs to respect and enhance the
quality of the environment.
If we do not do anything about it, the question is to what extent are we prepared to put
up with increasing congestion, greater car dependency, lack of effective choice, greater
energy use with all its implications, further depletion of natural resources with its long
4
local development framework
term implications, fewer tranquil areas, loss of biodiversity, increased air pollution and
intensified social polarisation? The City Council does not believe this ‘do nothing’ option
is realistic.
The city must become the place where people of all ages and circumstances want to
live. In order to be successful, our future city will need to be well designed, become more
compact and connected, and support a range of different uses, facilitating the interaction
of people, as well as promoting a sustainable urban environment which is well integrated
with public transport and adaptable to change.
While there is no single solution, it would seem self evident that the city’s inner areas will
need radical improvements if they are to outweigh the attractions of suburban living. The
suburbs also need to evolve to become more self-sufficient. However, to be successful,
urban renaissance should encompass every street in every town and city.
The alternative, however, is within our grasp. Plymouth’s aspiration to achieve its full
potential is beginning to be realised. We can respond to new economic, social and
environmental drivers by revitalising the basic building blocks of our city.
The city’s neighbourhoods are its foundations. How we define relationships within a
neighbourhood, and between neighbourhoods, determines whether Plymouth will function
efficiently and harmoniously.
5
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
• A mix of land uses that works together providing for activity that avoids dead
spaces and times, helping to strengthen social integration and civic life. To achieve
this will mean concentrating a range of public facilities and commercial activities
in neighbourhood and district centres. While this will be easier to achieve in some
places than others, where major intervention is impractical, small scale interventions
(particularly as development opportunities arise) will mean that suburban areas can be
helped to function better as entities in their own right.
• Provision for people to meet and interact. At its best, the sustainable city operates
as a network of interconnected places and spaces that help to bring people together.
To do this effectively means putting the pedestrian first and ensuring that walking
is the preferred option in accessing different facilities within an area. This does not
mean taking an ‘anti-car’ stance. However, it does mean reducing unnecessary car
journeys by ensuring many daily needs can be met within walking distance, as well as
ensuring that public transport becomes the easiest, quickest and most cost effective
way of getting around the city.
• Character and sense of place. Many parts of Plymouth are steeped in history,
containing important buildings providing character and identity and located within
superb natural settings. All these elements need to be respected – they are key
assets in reshaping our neighbourhoods, making places where people want to live and
will continue to want to live in the future.
6
local development framework
However, the question of how many new homes Plymouth should accommodate in the
longer term needs to be seen within the wider context of:
• The national emphasis on ‘turning Britain’s towns and cities back into thriving centres
of human activity’.
• The Devon Structure Plan which has interpreted RPG10 to the local level, requiring
the city to accommodate a further 10,000 dwellings and 80 hectares of employment
land by 2016. In addition the Devon Structure Plan requires South Hams to provide
for 4,500 dwellings and 80 hectares of employment land in areas adjoining the city
– making provision for those parts of the city’s needs which can not be accommodated
within its administrative boundary.
In responding to these requirements, it is the intention in the LDF to use this emphasis
on urban compaction as a positive catalyst for change – promoting sustainable forms of
development which meet local aspirations. It will also be important to liase closely with
South Hams to ensure a co-ordinated approach to development across the boundary.
The Vision
To achieve this the main principles that will need to be adopted, are seen as:
7
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
• Within the city, the first priority should be to use the need for additional housing in
support of the significant improvements that need to be made to the city’s inner areas
– as an immediate priority, the waterfront regeneration areas of Devonport, Millbay,
East End, Sutton Harbour, Hoe and the City Centre.
• However, there is also a need to provide a range and choice of homes, as well as
strategically placed employment locations, to meet everyone’s needs. Within this
context, the ‘brownfield’ opportunities around the city, particularly the major brownfield
opportunity at Plymstock Quarry, need to be used to help repair the deficiencies in our
existing urban fabric – i.e. promoting the concept of sustainable linked communities.
• In addition to this, now that the Sherford New Community proposal, on the city’s
border in South Hams, has been confirmed through the Devon Structure Plan process,
it will be important to develop a sustainable linked community defining the eastern
extent of Plymouth. This should enable the city to establish a long term strategy which
balances the need to accommodate change within the wider Principal Urban Area,
with the need to conserve natural resources and the adequate long term supply of
aggregates from this area.
8
local development framework
In considering the options for accommodating future growth, while Plymouth’s LDF
can only consider areas within the city boundary, it does need to have regard to the
implications of change on its role and future as part of the wider sub-region, as well as its
relationships with the surrounding settlements.
These sub-regional issues are being considered through the current review of the
Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS), looking forward to 2026. These wider sub-regional
issues and options will be consulted on through a separate, but concurrent consultation
exercise carried out under the auspices of the Regional Assembly and covering the
Plymouth, South East Cornwall and South West Devon sub area.
However, within the context of preparing Plymouth’s LDF, is important that the
everyone understands how much development the city can reasonably be expected to
accommodate, and where this is likely to occur.
While this Urban capacity study is based on a comprehensive survey of the city,
together with market testing on viability, as well as preparing design scenarios to ensure
deliverability, these figures can only provide a gauge as to what might be possible in the
longer term. So many things can change in a 20 year period. Within this context it is
considered to be a ‘high risk strategy’ to rely on achieving the higher end of these ranges
within the time periods indicated, although it would not be unreasonable to expect the
totals to be achieved eventually.
In terms of demand – The Devon Structure Plan allocation for the Plymouth Principal
Urban Area is 14,500 new dwellings. Within this overall allocation the City is required
to accommodate a further 10,000 dwellings, and South Hams is required to provide for
4,500 dwellings, making provision for those parts of the city’s needs which can not be
accommodated within its administrative boundary.
9
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
In matching Plymouth’s supply figures to the overall demand, - it can clearly be seen
that the overall demand for this area (14,500 new dwellings by 2016) can only realistically
be met by the combination of achieving Plymouth’s housing capacity estimates (some
10,800 dwellings by 2016), as well as developing the proposed new community within
South Hams (some 4,000 dwellings). However, in looking to the time period beyond
2016, there is an additional identified potential of up to 4,800 new homes within the city.
In addition, as part of this LDF issues /options consultation, a number of new opportunities
are being put forward for public debate. These may well provide for some additional
housing in the shorter term, but could reasonably be expected to provide additional
housing capacity in the longer term – within the context of supporting community
aspirations in those areas.
10
local development framework
In terms of where these new dwellings could be located, the following chart shows
these Urban Capacity totals1, covering the period 2001-2026, disaggregated by the city’s
neighbourhoods.
Built 2001-2003 Under Construction (UCS 2003) With Planning Permission (UCS 2003)
UCS Capacity (midpoint) to 2016 UCS Capacity (midpoint) beyond 2016 Reflects Full UCS Potential
1
In addition to the 12,715 dwelling capacity identified by neighbourhood, the Urban Capacity Study also
makes allowance for a further 2,957 dwellings (2001-2026) on sites yet to be identified and through the
contribution from the conversion of commercial buildings, the subdivision of existing housing, living over the
What this chart clearly shows is that the highest potential for the provision of new
dwellings is in the city’s inner areas, together with the major brownfield proposal at
Plymstock Quarry. While there are varying degrees of dwelling potential to be found
throughout the city, this concentration of potential within the inner areas relates well to the
concept of using sustained household growth to help repair the deficiencies in the existing
urban fabric, as well as addressing the need for radical improvements to the city’s inner
areas, making them more attractive places to live in.
• Have we identified the main building blocks of what should make a successful
neighbourhood?
• To what extent do you consider that it is practical to use sustained household growth
to help repair the deficiencies in our urban fabric?
• To what extent do you think the Urban Capacity estimates of Plymouth’s housing
potential by neighbourhood are appropriate and could contribute to improving those
areas?
The design strategy aims to provide a vision for all areas of Plymouth, maximising the
benefits of the city’s key assets, in particular its waterfront, natural setting, and history.
It identifies those parts of the city where the right kind of interventions are needed to
12
local development framework
The Rapid Urban Character Survey is informing the Design Strategy. The aim of this
survey is to demonstrate how an understanding of the city’s heritage can make a positive
contribution to future development and regeneration. Plymouth’s heritage is everywhere
and includes the entire historic fabric of the city. It is an irreplaceable asset, which needs
to be understood, embraced and developed as a major contributor to people’s sense of
place and quality of life, as well as for the city’s cultural and economic wellbeing. It is
a dangerously fragile asset and the challenge, as the city reinvents itself, is not only to
identify what is historic and assess what is of most value, but to decide how this heritage
is properly managed for the future.
Key Issues
• Plymouth has an unrivalled and unique natural setting and a rich and varied historic
townscape. It is important to ensure that the city recognises and utilises this key asset
to the full in its future plans.
• The city’s rapid expansion and reconstruction following WW2 and continuing ‘urban
sprawl’ has left large parts of the city without any real identity or focus for communities.
Poor quality environment, lack of local facilities and poor connectivity has detracted
from the quality of life for Plymouth’s citizens. There is a need to promote sustainable
communities with a stronger focus and sense of identity.
• Many of the city’s key transport corridors and key arrival points lack character and
identity, presenting a poor image of the city. Connectivity within the city and between
different areas is also difficult and confusing. There is a key opportunity to improve
the image of Plymouth through integrated enhancement of these routes and arrival
points.
• Plymouth has a mixed quality of development; often the buildings, streets and spaces
are of ordinary or low quality, lacking respect for local character, history and the wider
townscape. There is an opportunity to promote civic pride through a new legacy of
13
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
high quality development. Many parts of the city centre and local centres lack the
intensity and vitality that comes from having a rich mix of uses.
• In many areas there is a poor relationship between much of the city’s built and natural
heritage. There is a key opportunity to improve this.
• Plymouth’s buildings, streets and spaces need to robust and flexible to meet the
needs of future generations and to respond to a changing climate.
Plymouth’s image is of a city by the water, shaped by its maritime history and now setting
much of its future prosperity on how it capitalises upon this great asset. With the stunning
rural hinterland of Dartmoor and the South Hams, together with Cornwall and the Tamar
Valley, Plymouth’s natural setting shapes the image of the city and plays a major role in its
economic development.
The aim will be to promote and develop Plymouth’s waterfront, by rebuilding, reviving and
enhancing its waterfront places and communities; ensuring that the city’s connection with
the water is strengthened. Policies and principles will be prepared to protect and enhance
the city’s setting; by ensuring development reinforces its positive edge, by protecting
the strategic views and by promoting access into and out of the city. This will serve to
connect the city visually and physically with the waterfront and open countryside.
14
local development framework
The city’s network of parks, natural green spaces, and water bodies are equally important
and they all contribute to the quality and richness of the built environment and the quality
of life for all Plymouth’s citizens. Plymouth has a rich, distinctive historical and cultural
identity with distinctive areas representing different phases of the city’s evolution.
Improving the quality of and accessibility to the city’s greenspace network, together with
encouraging the creation of new green spaces, will be promoted through the development
process, with polices and proposals considered to ensure this.
A greater understanding of the historic environment and how it has shaped the city will
be developed, through the characterisation work. This information can then be used to
reinforce the historic fabric of the city, in new development proposals and to contribute
positively in defining and shaping its future identity, role, character and form on a city wide
and regional level. In order to manage change through the stewardship of the historic
environment, polices will be put in place to ensure appropriate consideration of the historic
environment is applied at all stages of the development process. Proposals will include:
• To develop the Buildings at Risk Register for the city which will be central to
regeneration of areas
15
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
It is essential that Plymouth maximises its connections both nationally and internationally.
Local connections
A successful city is well connected at all levels; with the region, with its hinterland,
between and within neighbourhoods. People need to move around easily, using routes
that are clear, safe, attractive and easy to understand. Principles will seek to prioritise
walking and cycling, improving existing routes, encouraging the creation of new ones,
which link positively to the wider route network. Breaking down the barriers to pedestrian
movement by creating links across key movement corridors is a principle that must be
explored.
Design plays a key role in reinforcing the key arrival points into the city, to ensure a
positive and welcoming sense of arrival for all modes of transport. It is important that
development at these arrival points, and on key movement corridors throughout the city,
makes a positive contribution to the image of the city.
16
local development framework
Distinctive features such as landmarks, buildings, important streets, views and spaces,
create reference points that help people find their way around and add to the richness and
quality of city. It will be important that development considers how it integrates within the
structure of the city at all levels, assisting with orientation where necessary and ensuring
greater legibility.
Good quality architecture has a major impact upon the quality of the environment and
the image and well being of the city. Architecture that provides a positive legacy for
the future, responding to its context and respecting the city’s building traditions will be
encouraged. Innovative, contemporary forms that are robust, adaptable and sustainable
will be promoted.
The quality of Plymouth’s streets and spaces also has a significant bearing on the city’s
image. In creating a better environment for the future, principles and polices which seek
to create safe, pedestrian friendly, accessible and attractive streets and spaces will be
promoted. The public realm should maintain a hierarchy of streets and spaces, which
provide distinctiveness, variety and character to each part of the city.
Every city needs a strong and prosperous centre. Plymouth’s competitiveness and
development depends on its ability to reinforce its regional role as an excellent place for
living, working, shopping, learning, culture and leisure. It must harness the benefits of its
waterfront. Art, culture and entertainment facilities must be promoted and enhanced.
17
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
Design plays an essential role in creating a vibrant city centre. Investors, visitors and
the residents will not only be attracted by the choice and quality of its facilities, but by the
quality of its built environment. Principles and polices will be developed, which not only
support an integrated mix of day and evening uses, but also seek to protect and improve
the best parts of the existing townscape, buildings and spaces. It will also be important to
strengthen connections and legibility within the centre and beyond towards the water, the
Station, Central Park, the cultural quarter and all other surrounding areas.
18
local development framework
19
T h e C ore Strategy - Building Sustainab l e C o m m u n i t i e s i n P l y m o u t h
All comments must be received within this period and can be sent to:
or
Further copies of the leaflet and response forms are available from:
www.plymouth.gov.u k / l d f
The Civic Centre (Planning Section)
Local Libraries
20