Mathematics Grade 7 Teacher Key

W2 - Lesson 4: Statistics

V6-10
 Important Concepts of Grade 7 Mathematics Materials
W1 - Lesson 1.........................................................................Divisibility Rules Required
W1 - Lesson 2....................................................................... Decimal Numbers
W1 - Lesson 3......................................................................................Fractions Math Set
W1 - Lesson 4................. Improper Fractions, Mixed Numbers,Percents, and Calculator
Decimals
W1 - Lesson 5..................................Integers, Number Lines, and Sequencing
W1 - Quiz No Textbook
Required
W2 - Lesson 1...................... Table of Values and Graphing Linear Equations
W2 - Lesson 2................................Modeling Expressions, Equations, and the This is a stand-
alone course.
Preservation of Equality
W2 - Lesson 3................................................... Algebra and Linear Equations
W2 - Lesson 4......................................................................................Statistics
W2 - Lesson 5............................... Circle Graphs and Calculating Probability
W2 - Quiz

W3 - Lesson 1.......................................................................................... Circles

W3 - Lesson 2....................................... Area of Triangles and Parallelograms
W3 - Lesson 3.............................................................................Line Segments
W3 - Lesson 4................................... Parts and Plotting on a Cartesian Plane
W3 - Lesson 5..........................................................................Transformations
W3 - Quiz
Mathematics Grade 7
Version 6
Preview/Review W2 - Lesson 4
ISBN 1-894894-75-8

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Preview/Review Concepts
for
Grade Seven Mathematics
Teacher Key

W2 – Lesson 4:

Statistics
Introductory Information for Teachers

Preview/Review courses are aimed mainly at students who have completed the regular
course but who need to review some of the material before beginning the next grade.
Other students may find Preview/Review courses useful in preparing for the new concepts
they will study in their next grade.

No Preview/Review course is intended to replace the regular course because each covers
only what the writers have decided are the top 15 concepts from the Program of Studies
for that course.

Preview/Review materials are intended for use by teachers and students in one-subject
and one-grade classrooms. This Preview/Review course contains fifteen lessons in three
sections. Each section has five lessons. A short quiz is provided at the end of each section
to test student knowledge of the material studied. In a classroom the course will likely be
completed in three weeks.

This Preview/Review course is written to be stand-alone. There is no textbook required.

Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4 Mathematics Grade 7

W2 – Lesson 4: Statistics

Objective:

• I can understand terms used in statistics.

Collecting Data

Example: Malcolm wanted to know which Personal Survey: collecting

subject was the most popular at School. He
conducted a personal survey asking all the data in person. Data can also
grade 7 students which subject was their favorite.
Using tally marks, his data looked like this: be collected by mail, telephone,

newspapers, books, or magazines.

Survey Results
Subject Tally
Math
Science
Language Arts
Social Studies

He used the tally chart to make a frequency table. The table looked like this:

Survey Results Frequency Table: a table

Subject Tally Frequency
that uses tallies to count the
Math 14
Science 12 frequency (number) of data.
Language Arts 8
Social Studies 9

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Mathematics Grade 7 Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4

Using the database he just created, Malcolm could now create an organized table:

Organized Survey Results

Math 14 Database: an organized
Science 12 collection of data or information.
Language Arts 9
Social Studies 8

Using the organized results, Malcolm could answer the following questions.

1. Which subject was the most popular? Math

2. Which subject is the least popular? Language Arts

3. What was the sample size (number of

people surveyed)? Sample: a selection of the

total information.
14 + 12 + 9 + 8 = 43 people

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Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4 Mathematics Grade 7

Practice:

Use the pictograph to answer the following questions.

Cookie Survey
Chocolate chip

Gingerbread

Peanut Butter

Raisin

Shortbread

Snickerdoodle

Vanilla

Legend: Each represents one box of cookies sold

1. How are the data in the pictograph arranged?

The data are arranged in alphabetical order

2. Which cookie sold the most?

Peanut butter cookies sold the most

3. Which cookie sold the least?

Snickerdoodles sold the least

4. What was the frequency of shortbread cookies sold?

Four boxes of shortbread cookies sold

5. What was the frequency of raisin cookies sold?

Three boxes of raisin cookies sold

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Mathematics Grade 7 Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4

Objective:

• I can I can find the mean of a set of data.

Finding the mean

Mean: the arithmetic average.
Example:

Basketball Results
Game Number 1 2 3 4 5
Points scored 24 51 34 22 43

Find the total points over all five games:

24 + 51 + 34 + 22 + 43 = 174

174 points in five games.

Find the mean by dividing the total points by the number of games.

174 ÷ 5 = 34.8 (but since you can’t score 0.8 points in basketball round to 35)

The mean (average) points were 35 per game.

Practice:
Find the mean of the following sets of data.
Round your answer to one decimal point.

a. 24, 5, 14, 9, 32
How many games:
16.8
scored close to 35 points?
Only one out of five games.
b. 11, 5, 8, 6, 20, 15
scored above 35 points?
Two out of five games 10.8
scored below 35 points?
Two out of five games c. 2, 9, 22, 12, 26, 5, 11
12.4

d. 18, 12, 9, 11
12.5

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Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4 Mathematics Grade 7

Objective:

• I can find the median of a set of data .

Finding the median

Median: the middle value in a
Example:
distribution.
Some prices are listed below, find the median.

$215, $211, $246, $213, $287

Arrange in ascending order:

$211, $213, $215, $246, $287

Since there is an odd number of numbers, the middle number is the median: $215

Example 2:
Find the median of the numbers.

49, 62, 57, 44, 51, 67, 46, 54

Arrange in ascending order:

44, 46, 49, 51, _____, 54, 57, 62, 67

Since there is an even number of numbers, the median will be exactly between the two
middle numbers:

(51 + 54) ÷ 2 = 52.5

Practice:

Find the median of the following sets of data.

a. 1.3, 2.1, 1.8, 2.3, 2.2, 1.5 b. 149, 218, 321, 156, 223, 219
1.3, 1.5, 1.8, ____, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 149, 156, 218, ___, 219, 223, 321
(1.8 + 2.1) ÷ 2 = 1.95 or 2 (218 + 219) ÷ 2 = 218.5

c. 23, 56, 34, 11, 44, 62 d. $123, $234, $132, $138, $205
11, 23, 34, ___, 44, 56, 62 123, 132, 138, 205, 234
(34 + 44) ÷ 2 = 39 138

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Mathematics Grade 7 Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4

Objective:

• I can find the mode of a set of data .

Finding the mode

Mode: the most frequently
Example:
occurring value in a set of data.
Steven counted the number of people in the cars
that stopped in front of the school. Find the mode.

2 3 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 5
2 2 2 3 3 2 5 2 1 4

Arrange the numbers in ascending order:

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5

Count the frequency of each number:

1’s – 3 2’s – 7 3’s – 4 4’s – 4 5’s – 2

The highest frequency is the mode – 2 people in the car

Example 2:
Find the mode of the following numbers.
1, 2, 7, 2, 4, 5, 1, 7
A data set with no repeated
Arrange in ascending order: numbers has no mode.
1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 7, 7

Since there are three modes, we call this a A data set with two modes is
trimodal distribution.
→ 1, 2, 7 are the three modes. called a bimodal distribution.

Practice:
Find the mode of the following sets of data.
a. 3, 44, 17 , 17, 44, 15, 15, 15, 27, 40 b. 91, 79, 84, 85, 84, 90, 68, 100
3, 15 ,15, 15, 17, 17, 27, 40, 44, 44 68, 79, 84, 84, 85, 90, 91, 100
Mode: 15 Mode: 84

c. 23, 32, 34, 22, 32, 24, 33 d. 11, 12, 15, 13, 12, 11, 14
22, 23, 24, 32, 32, 33, 34 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 14, 15
Mode: 32 Mode: 11, 12
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Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4 Mathematics Grade 7

Objective:

• I can determine the range of a set of data .

The range
Range: the difference between
Example:
Find the range of 150, 250, 825, 400, 18, and 500 the highest and lowest values.

Arrange the numbers in ascending order:

20, 150, 250, 400, 500, 825

Calculate range:
Range = largest value – smallest value = 825 – 20 = 805

The range is 805

Example 2:
A seven day forecast looks like this

Sun Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat

17°C 15°C 20°C 18°C 17°C 18°C 16°C

Find the range of the temperatures

15, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 20

Range = largest value – smallest value = 20 – 15 = 5

The temperatures had a range of 5°C during the week.

Practice:
Find the range of the following sets of data.

a. 243, 221, 210, 252, 231, 224 b. 1.1, 1.7, 2.3, 1.6, 1.2, 1.4

Range = 252 – 210 = 42 Range = 2.3 – 1.1 = 1.2

c. 11, 40, 21, 32, 8 d. 2, 5, 7, 2, 6, 8, 4, 3

Range = 40 – 8 = 32 Range = 8 – 2 = 6

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Mathematics Grade 7 Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4

Objective:

• I can analyze a set of data to identify any outliers.

Outliers
Outliers: a value in a data set
Example:
which is far removed in value
A bus company will add another bus if the wait
time at a busy bus stop is longer than 5 minutes. from the other data.

The following numbers represents the time in

minutes that people wait at the bus stop.

1, 3, 4, 3, 5, 2, 5, 45, 1, 3, 4, 4, 2, 5, 2, 4, 1, 3, 4, 2

Using this information the mean, median and mode is:

Mean:
(1 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 5 + 2 + 5 + 45 + 1 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 4 + 2) ÷ 20
= 103 ÷ 20 = 5.15 minutes

Median:
1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, ____, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 45 Median: 3

Mode is 4

The 45 minute wait was because there was an accident on the road.
Therefore 45 minutes is an outlier.

If the outlier is removed, the new mean, median and mode is:

Mean:
(1 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 5 + 2 + 5 + 1 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 4 + 2) ÷ 19 = 3.05

Median:
1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5 Median: 3

Mode is 4

Should the bus company add another bus? Explain.

No, since the accident was a one-time problem, the 45 minute wait should be
considered an outlier which makes the wait time less than 5 minutes.

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Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4 Mathematics Grade 7

Practice:

1. A class average is the mean of all the marks of each student in the class.

Dave’s class has the following scores.

67%, 78%, 59%, 66%, 72%, 5%, 65%, 69%, 68%, 75%,
82%, 77%, 73%, 78%, 67%, 78%, 65%, 66%, 62%, 85%

a. Calculate the mean including the outlier.

67.85 = 67.9

b. Calculate the mean without the outlier.

71.2

c. The school rewards classes with an average above 70%, should the outlier be
included when reporting this class average?
Unfortunately all student in the class must be included as part
of the class average.

d. What if the 0% was the result of a student who had moved away, but her name
was still on the class list?

In this case, the student is no longer part of the class so her

mark can be excluded.

2. Some friends compared the amount of allowance they get. Their allowance each
week was:

$5, $7, $5, $25, $6, $5, $8, $6, $5

a. What is the mean, median and mode of the allowances?

5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 25

Mean: $8
Median: $6
Mode: $5
b. If Greg receives $25 in allowance partly as payment for helping with farm chores
every day, should his allowance be counted as an outlier? Why or why not?
Answers may vary. Example: Yes, because Greg has to work
for his money. Or, no, it is not uncommon to do chores to get an
allowance.

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Mathematics Grade 7 Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4

Objective:

• I can give real-world examples where the mean, median or mode is the most
appropriate measure to use when reporting findings.

Deciding which to use, mean/ median/ mode

Example: A sports team has a different contract for all their players. Rookies get $1000
per game, players over 5 years get $1500 a game, and veterans over 10 years get $5000 a
game.

The team roster currently has: 6 rookies, 5 five years, and 1 veteran.

Or

1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 5000

In a TV interview, the team manager is asked “about how much does each player make?”

If the manager reports the mean:

(1000 + 1000 + 1000 + 1000 + 1000 + 1000 + 1500 + 1500 + 1500 + 1500 + 1500 + 5000) ÷
12 = $1541

If the manager reports the median:

1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, _____, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 5000
= (1000 + 1500) ÷ 2 = $1250

If the manager reports the mode:

1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 5000
= $1000

Which amount would be the most accurate representation of the players’ earnings? Why?

Since most players do not earn $5000 a game, the best average is the
median, at $1250, which best represents the rookies and the five-year
players.

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Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4 Mathematics Grade 7

Practice:

1. Scott’s math test marks for the year are 65%, 83%, 90%, 84%, 65%, and 21%

a. Calculate the mean

Mean = 68%

b. Find the median

Median: 74%

c. Find the mode

Mode: 65%

d. If Scott’s parents asked his teacher how Scott was doing which average is the
best representation of what Scott has learned? Why?
The median is the best indicator overall of how much Scott
understands math as a subject.

2. Robin has some money she has to share with her 4 brothers. The bills she was given
has are:

1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 20, 100

a. She decides that she will use the modes to distribute the bills, and gives her
brothers each a dollar bill and a five. Is this a fair method to share the money?
Why or why not?
No, Robin should have used the mean as the average to share the
money since it is the value of the bills that is important, not the
frequency of each.

b. How much did Robin keep from each of her brothers?

Each brother should have gotten $28.80 (rather than $6) which
means Robin kept $22.80 from each brother.

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Mathematics Grade 7 Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4

Summary and Practice:

• Using what you've learned, answer the following questions.

1. Susanne scored 75, 83, 92, 79, 96, and 88 points on her spelling tests. What is her
average score?
85.5

2. If different boxes of cookies cost $4.10, $4.32, $4.79, $5.52, $7.18, $7.92 and $9.58,
what is the median price?

$5.52

3. Find the mode of 68, 77, 79, 84, 85, 84, 90, 91, 93, 100

84

4. Find the range of the values: 2, 5, 6, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17

17 – 2 = 15

5. Which measure (mean, median or mode) would you use to describe each of the
following cases? Explain.

a. Size of pants sold in a store, if you wanted to send in an order for more pants.

Mode, to tell you which size sold the most numbers.

b. Mass of bags of candy, if you were quality control.

Mean, to see if most of the bags are the same weight.

c. Cost of lunch over a one month period, if you were planning next month’s budget.
Mean, to balance out the expensive days with the cheaper days.

d. Salary of people in a company with only a few managers and lots of entry level
employees, if you were trying to prove wages are too low.

Mode, since more people would have smaller salaries.

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Preview/Review Concepts W2 - Lesson 4 Mathematics Grade 7

6. Describe a situation when an outlier should be included when calculating an

average.
Answers will vary. Example: low test score because of not studying

7. Describe a situation when an outlier should not be included.

Answers will vary. Example: wrong number measured because the
ruler was upside down.

8. Betty was conducting a survey about the school’s cafeteria menu. She asked people
in the lunch line what food they liked the most. Her results were:

Survey Results
Food Item Tally Frequency
Fries 20
Pizza 12
Hamburger 8
Tacos 9
Chicken wrap 14
Chicken fingers 17
Hotdog 13
Macaroni and cheese 5

Organized Survey Results

a. Complete the frequency table.
Fries 20
Chicken fingers 17
b. Create an organized table listing foods from Chicken wrap 14
most popular to least popular. Hotdog 13
Pizza 12
Tacos 9
c. What was the sample size of this survey?
Hamburger 8
98
Macaroni and cheese 5

If you were to replace an item on the menu, which item would you replace.

I would replace the macaroni and cheese because it is currently the

least popular menu item.

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