U gfonlag uc pen’ pegs pam ooetloy ab dg Votes weaned .. + Tamsmtrion lotros- 21 hey gtnbroducton , abou rhowumission Line, 1 Whe Conductors ane wore —guidlls Uted 4dr Homamnilleyr Clecbuc (04) electromagnet Wave, oven long dirlantes bedwesn the Tramamitloy “anid csegelyen, ara, Coud Hiaasrniicior lines b , ‘ , fe ba x; opemwine Lines » aud wave guides. Ne / 4Voltage and Cuvent ~Equalows of a Tramsrlssion Us Porat Coantal Cables sioptical -fibre Codblos Toa , CGmiden trommission ate with +wo parol Conviden a pote Pon dh die ot rom the Source os shou tn 4:9 above.Let VT be abt voltage QUA | CU YEE Os Point P- At pont @ the Votkuge be wvtdy.) anid Hho Curring rogbal 4 AT» 45 a Silly ng, dof th Boe, ee, S84 WM \Whaveps. Higed rs fd he ohio fawn Laas (asiwdae uth dx Oy suns : Vv, lvsav) ~ 284300 oO b o (tedafs Via jwOSe -dv == (R+jwtjdx-— © “AT = V4 jc)dx -O Altona _, W - t(j ut)-@ ~82 _ v(@rjwc)-O de Bpeorontiak “a!n (3) “=r (et jwl) —6 “a = Vi@+iwe) —@ ijt eq (s) -dy Ui ieisabarmoad gab hc de Geto Orc, Mee vebaashove Substitids 246, ay 2a 2.3.4 so) mth ay ml ide (A ~ oo Gites) Ce dv - -¥v =“ae LPNs PELE AN ince Ve (RtWL) (H+) ts , +e) dx “de fade o= Jaheim Gaiod } Sub 29 (5) ae - ¥ (G +30) (Ri) OF) an = D(R+jwl) (@+jwe) dz 7 e di> : fpr Yt-0 8 €qn(a) amd €q (4) oe calied diitferandia) equotio- =nd Of dhe Traiasmission Lines The Standard ve act + ba” -@ pact t4d-é@ %%_ @ to tind te nelotonship betwee yar: Sub 4 © in eq © & =I (R+ jw) la tebe) = Z (RHRD oe bye **) > rl Rive) Spa % — ae 1%) 2 TER +jNO E (Reine) = abe" 088)Se fees \ Maye 1 Rajwel ative os Cosh Sinha INARI Lysub Jn eq © Liege TE V= (cosh du sinhdy+ oe tite b (Cosh 3x4 sinh?% a cee Cain V= (+b) coshex + (A-b)SINNIX: ° let wu awume thod _ @tb-A i, ote P BK a | Y= acosh¥x+ Bainhyx-@ . TO obtain tht Conrlew, apply dhe inital Condition at =O) VeVs amd Totes. te Te Vs=A : hr “@ | teconding ae & (0) 7 oe cay a (be”* oe) ae os [blwosh - Binh 94) = a (Cosh¥1+ si ahy)) t- 3 [1o-»)coshsy, ~lasb)sinhi] T 35 [B coshen.+ Asinhya) Vead ty per ad + bEr, yr (Raju) larind Ve VsCosh¥x- Teoh hyToL (52. coshdx+'Vs sinh3x) ato Zo P= tetoshot W \sinhirn { . Zo Ve Vecosh 9% Es Zo Sight Tet. 2 ot 3 Wosh¥x- VS cinhyd Zo ni|o4 Joo23 ¥ Anpinike Lewgth Line : Conidir a Nomamission lune having infinite Wagth Whon a Voltage Cwvunt will pew depending Soune bh fipplied ty Hho Uney & on the, primary Chohackeustic Fmpedaiiet wap mh. palo oy Ane votioge apled othe, Caner flowing to the fnginite, Vine “colle. Charackedatic Ampedance. oy the Une. and th genaied obit Be Whee Vet aud Tat ane Soute Yo uage. ad foure, nent rerpecht voly Of om inpirdte tire. Biner the wove “rowells only in one dineten amd no Standing wares ends 46 © ds de Poopagotion courant cia and ¢ equotion oo Vevee®* -Le sie whee Vand Tas the voltage Gud ett at a olirtamee % from the Bowes - ye Veid?™ ; eit = Vel Vv The noduoral: bo3 Orbis eeWoe Cr) ) Vsi a8 v= 120109 (= . Fo "at ot a romarseion Link a ty i * propagation soa ct of she Be dy Wud pacatving ends $B bows bs . 8 ede ant (HIB ho ie a0 tay (Y8) x y= 20109 (Yap cas { ; : arute + | Framsinission bia Jouninated, with Chara ees oF length: L) witch Ma domino with Choraderistic Impedame ‘Zo! as shown a i — let Vp = Voltage at touninalion (0) vo tage at Seeiving Wn0 Te = Cut at -loumination Vs = Gower Voltage De > Sour Count The VoHage and cuvunt equocion, of V= Ve Cosh ¥X- Ts 25 sinh yuu Tar, cosh¥un- YS) gy ph 5Eee drome BY calbewcils align ne aaa Lastegeverbals th all Game 10 ae » DST andes a i 1 ; ort Vatoshl* sszasinbrh — te Cosh - coe Vp = V6 Cosh¥t- Co ; Zy Fr Ty coshyvi - Ye sinhvh ain Ze Zs Vs Cosh ¥t- Is Zo sin hyk TeZocosh?x- Vs Sinheh Jb (Ts %oCoch va— Vesinln¥ 1) = pb (vs tosh ¥l- 4s 70 sinhvD IsZo (coshvh+ sinhel)=Vs (coshyl inh 2o= [Rot je line | Nole : when a live di matched then He deunination impeda- -nce Lb equal to 1S Chanactoictic. imped ame: 'z0! Sov o open usisa bine dhe Chanactorstic Fmpedance or 296 leg (4) Whe bi thy Aeperasion Jodwann Hu wirer amd Hs sudius of the woe: ton a eo-ondal Cable the chesactointic impedence, Zo= 13% Log. (Pla) a a a0 ( Pa) ey Whew b= naoliv of the ower Conductor A> Nadius of thy Jnnen Conductor Er = di-elechic Constaut: ‘Zo = riPAE Decivation ror allemuamon Constau® aed one litt Conraud- yoibnay } Ba | (5B) es pr)+2JaP- -O LV TROD(GHIRO s eee (immerse) ” wees lols [REVO ve JRL) (G+jvo Lc —@ sub tho" =R&TINLG+ JWRE-V 5 of BA)+2 LG +RE (of=p2)+2)« B= Sia w “code jel sf ais on B= ALC. fasts 2B = eee a = RG-WEE 24 R = J(REW (GM awrer) a WEE + IRV Die) ae 4[Ro-PLo) +(e yet re) \ ae o> [tea - ic) Jw (REL) (Gr Teorey” : ae B- or [tre WLe) alae PGF Eh rao] }ly Atlenuadion Col i Real tO | [me ssiielts Constant wv is in Bb toundnaded with ds chapait impedance, and tL dy wai op Be in ny, dh! attemuadion Constaut at dn saciving od uy divy by w= tn (SS) e pare pent ae Tapani $8 Power alo «= Lin (Ys %) =4y,/2 I Ws (&) 4 av paopoqation Constom we ik aud tt Lb Haprernder “atl &) Nepeu lion . “Rg log, (ie 1 re log,, (3 * Fle log Gs) P. yO, Voltage. , oa T Twpeckively VR, Ie, Cope 9 Powen at ounce Pa ane v Specs Aes Lose Piss oF Racdtuing Phase Shite Gp Instat, angk Bs measuted dm vad |i ath ra - ge a abo Yupromuted du dagyee.|iun’ ’ © TR radios + 180" é é 1 rodlion © 513° Velocity of Propogation (or) Phe Velocity: , she velodty at which 4 Woe of Single freqtuonesy Psopogaty along om tm Catled Phare Vetoidy toy Wave velocity - s As the Wow along bu Line dhe phase chauges Cconbinuous ty , : Coty Vp= : Whe rz Wavelength fo milva- f= Frequency 9 Wz) eeu P Up = 2h P [> 2 6 | mlsee dn tree Space Huse boctty db -appscoximadely equal fo Vght velod l oe Poe. : fn a medion Wu di-eechte Constant E= So bx dit phae velocity J 1 vee ete Tog, VBoEoen. : Us. Be ‘which | ewielo pe OFA Coup, we na aro ‘2 pane pseopaqate along 0 vine Bs called up vou, (01) 0 ded dehined oy dh gatio of change Wn gunguiay | Reguenty +o dhe change, in phase cenctans 0} a WAN, Ug = W2- Wr ' Ba- Br” My 5 ae m| sec, Reaction between Group velocity & Phare Velocity; |The phew. velodty of o usaue “ds -given by, Ve ° “B ; dit, both Sid wort io" dup dw _ dB Gr Pao" S| Tae ges ay ap dup Pp Jo ~-b-. dP PP dwUy pa Wwidolsv sida Coir a gulo9\23 hey eo eee . ¥ Loosley “Trominsston Lines) | a Hossa “ha Unt equotion amd chonoctoustics of a, tromsmissior Uwu Cou be eouity sowed by conridudng vasow Pravical appiication. Loss ty tramsmission Uns, Vou long howmission Une, distortiontas tammission Vines oud igh Hequancy tromumission lines are Cawmonay rid in many practical applicoiom: ft | \ By selecting suitable ' primary Contawds RiLiGaud C oud frequency Waa sHoummission line, the wove Chana Cour be, easily, ovolypied. a a For a. lostlose tvausmisvion, line R= G =0.-the | Line ig aide upof Perfect Conductors and Perfect delectocs: The ‘propoqacin Constaut dual chanacksiste tmpedonce OF a Loss lus tamimilsion Lines ane , : R-Q=0 | P= VF (ReIwL) (G+) wO Ve Job xjwe Y= jwlre x4 Jp = jWITe >ax=0 f Bs WILE ; Chav ackoustic fmpedaMee , Yo= |RAgwL TSO odt Ve Git}wo Af Te oy 7F pha velo! ie i eoagey Oe eel bs ita i Note } . a 4 | : , ute impedances, i the phue velocity oud Uo ‘ me. ; r | depuads only 67 dad: se aoNabothinn dy k rep tar ibis ban nnd ul - ceippeyeens) wal ool redmugan bs ¥ Distortionlese “Trausmission Une? : ; fh Une! caid to be Aistortionlus Trammission Uiny Ht the apituuabion Consus & indapesndtut OF treq um aud B vas nearby with Frequemey: He the trouumission, Une have neither Frequoncy wel dilaiy \divottion trun the cteauabion’ Constant aud dht wdlouty of propogakion Commok be funtion oF Frequem uy. sao : Now th, phue Shitt B Coutaut B ws gi boy (ov) : ~RO)+ VRE sae RG- wre tw (LH + 8 the econd tex vad \ a : (RO+ WL C)* thon the sgutrel cal be seduced 1 Obtal ned- vordiion is I, kosRtas et ee (Rr WLe) FR (LGHREY = (RGF LE) MAH Ids Che wr Cera etarsigdaee) eratany. oh De geusart wiv aw tRGie | RY shavers bre were a - 2b RaLC = | RB H+ wher *CVG a Ret 2RobcsZe W(LG-RC)=0 , WO LG —RC=0 L@=RC 8 (ee (Eri9)(29) ~ [cc Rat - (RHW) Me y= Jae (E+1w) vo Byte 4 jw fe ¥ RIS +wfre une peste Serene pe “to [Reet Lf Rene, Hrs.) (ee Bietw Phare Velocity, p> SP ie» ye oe Ride aud Hequenty Ine ot dhe Uasation ay tht min adkonuostion of det fdanad Separodely with adlenuation Should due Conv Swpeet to Lit Gand R Vaxiodion of adlemuadtion wnt the trducth let the podomdtn induct be a varialle aud Comidy Re and G ae Comtants, dhe min attenuation ors af dw “acre = ts [(2o-wre RD arurcry] dq o> &? lies Wc )+ (EO Der: nos |S aa she +]ee C)+ QWL (Gwe?) . ME VRS ONG EC) Falera- Wie WR aac Ve Ateaw. )] Fy fees wigs 2 BEM + wi caredfeny ‘ RO a zr) Jr0 Swe w eke carer 7 “Vea Cheers Py =Lb ae L CCR ey (Gi) Rr V@r Re . Le” ¥ iow, to achiewe. WunMinmM = aktwuodim: cue achetue dhe distovton low amd mim atenuotlin un Y ways decuand 1) Reduce R- whan the rasistamen sh eS pahieve las odlowration , Large Size Conduutors ant. joquined “This dnerwoxts tha cable, Sizg amd Cost g)4rcxcose G- The Shed addi by deduzing dit Condwstor insulation ot by oddiNg the Aunt Conductance along the Line This P incwoxws Lowes and modus Ze- docneored 3) Decrware C-The Capacitame Can be . inerwaring the Spacing between Condoctors: ae dou um inowose of Cable size amd Cost - Decware jm C aho incwoRr Jn Zo W) Incnoase L-The fnduickance Com be. incwared by ing doris inductomce alimg dhe Unt Trowar. 17 z This pues Us de out method do achieve mini aitenuasion aud distortion Ls Urndition Jn Une