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me/pdf4exams

Chapter

3
HCF and LCM
Factors and Multiples
If a number x divides another number y exactly (without leaving any remainder), then x is a factor of y and
y is a multiple of x.

or

Factors Set of numbers which exactly divides the given

number. Multiples Set of numbers which are exactly divisible by

the given number. For example If the number is 8, then {8, 4, 2, 1} is the set

of factors, while { 8, 16, 24, 32, .......} is the set of

multiples of 8. Note Factors of a number are always less than or equal to the

given number 2. Multiples of a number are always more than or equal to the

given number

Common Multiple
A common multiple of two or more numbers is a number which ishttps://telegram.me/pdf4exams
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone completely divisible (without leaving
remainder) by each of them.

For example We can obtain common multiples of 3, 5 and 10 as follows

♦ Multiples of 3

= {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 ...}

♦ Multiples of 5 = { 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, ...}

♦ Multiples of 10 = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, ...} ∴ Common multiples of 3, 5 and 10

= { 30, 60, 90, 120 ...}

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The LCM of two or more given numbers is the least number to be exactly divisible by

each of them.

For example We can obtain LCM of 4 and 12 as follows

Multiples of 4 = 4,8,12,16,20, 24,28,32,36, .........

Multiples of 12 =12, 24,36,48,60,72..........

Common multiples of 4 and 12 =12,24,36, .........

∴ LCM of 4 and 12 =12

Methods to Calculate LCM

There are two methods to find the LCM of two or more numbers which are explained below.

1. Prime Factorisation Method

Following are the steps to obtain LCM through prime factorisation method.

Step I Resolve the given numbers into their prime factors.

Step II Find the product of all the prime factors (with highest powers)
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone that occur in the given numbers.
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

Step III This product of all the prime factors ( with highest powers) is the required LCM.

Ex. 1 Find the LCM of 8,12 and 15.

Factors of 8 = 2x2x2 = 23

Factors of 12 = 2 x 2 x 3 = 22 x 31

Factors of 15 = 3 x 5 = 31 x 51

Here, the prime factors that occur in the given numbers are 2, 3 and 5 and their highest powers are 2 , 3
and 5 .

∴ Required LCM = 23 X 31 X 51 = 8 X 3 X 5 = 120

2. Division Method

Following are the steps to obtain LCM through division method,

Step I Write down the given numbers in a line, separating them by commas.

Step II Divide them by a prime numbers which exactly divides atleast any two of the given numbers.

Step III Write down the quotients and the undivided numbers in a line below the 1st.

Step IV Repeat the process until you get a line of numbers which are prime to one another.

Step V The product of all divisors and the numbers in the last line will be the required LCM.

Ex. 2 What will be the LCM of 15, 24, 32 and 45?

Sol. LCM of 15, 24,32 and 45 is calculated as

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

∴ Required LCM = 2x2x2x3x5x4x3= 1440 Note Start division with the least prime number

Common Factor

A common factor of two or more numbers is that particular number which divides

each of them exactly.

For example We can obtain common factors of 12, 48, 54 and 63 as follows

Factors of 12 = 12, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1

Factors of 48 = 48, 24, 16, 12, 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1

Factors of 54 = 54, 27, 18, 9, 6, 3, 2, 1

Factors of 63 = 63, 21, 9, 7, 3, 1

∴ Common factors of 12, 48, 54 and 63 = 3

Highest Common Factor

HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest number which divides each of them exactly. For
example 6 is the HCF of 12 and 18 as there is no number greater than 6 that divides both 12 and
18. Similarly, 3 is the highest common factor of 6 and 9.

HCF is also known as 'Highest Common Divisor' (HCD) and 'Greatest Common Measure'
[GCM).

Methods to Calculate HCF

There are two methods to calculate the HCF of two or more numbers which are explained below
1. Prime Factorisation Method
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Following are the steps for calculating HCF through prime factorisation method, Step I Resolve
the given numbers into their prime factors. Step II Find the product of all the prime factors (with
least power) common to all the

numbers. Step III The product of common prime factors (with the least powers) gives HCF.

Ex. 3 Find the HCF of 24, 30 and 42.

Sol. Resolving 24,30 and 42 into their prime factors,

∴ Factors of 24 = 2x2x2x3 = (23 x 31)

Factors of 30 = 2 X 3 X 5 = (21 X 31 X 51)

Factors of 42 = 2 x 3 x 7 = (21 x 31 x 71) /. The product of common prime factors with the least powers =
2 X 3 =6 So, HCF of 24, 30 and 42 = 6

2. Division Method

Following are the steps to obtain HCF through division method.

Step I Divide the larger number by the smaller one.

Step II Divide the divisor by the remainder.

Step III Repeat step II till the remainder becomes zero. The last divisor is the required HCF.

Note To calculate the HCF of more than two numbers, calculate the HCF of first two numbers then take
the third number and HCF of first two numbers and calculate their HCF and so on. The resulting HCF will
be the required HCF of numbers

Ex. 4 Find the HCF of 26 and 455.

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

Ex. 5 What will be the HCF of 1785,1995 and 3381?

Sol. At the 1st step, use any two of three numbers.

∴ HCF for 1785 and 1995 = 105

At the 2nd step, use obtained HCF 105 and the 3rd given number 3381.

∴ Required HCF = 21

From the above examples we can notice that HCF is the factor of difference of the given numbers.

To find the HCF of given numbers you can divide the numbers by their lowest possible difference. If these
numbers are divisible by this difference, then this difference itself is the HCF of the given numbers otherwise
any other factor of this difference will be its HCF

Ex. 6 Find the HCF of 30, 42 and 135.

Sol. We can notice that the difference between 30 and 42 is less thanhttps://telegram.me/pdf4exams
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone difference between 135 and 42 or 30.

Difference between 30 and 42 is 12, but 12 does not divide 30, 42 and 135 completely.

∴ Factors of 12 = 12, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1.

Clearly, 3 is the highest factor, which divides all the three numbers completely.

∴ 3 is the HCF of 30, 42 and 135.

Method to Calculate LCM and HCF of Fractions

The LCM and HCF can be obtained by the following formulae

Note 1. All the fractions must be in their lowest terms. If they are not in their lowest terms, then conversion
in the lowest form is required before finding the HCF or LCM

2. The required HCF of two or more fractions is the highest fraction which exactly divides each of the frac-
tions

3. The required LCM of two or more fractions is the least fraction/integer which is exactly divisible by
each of them

4. The HCF of numbers of fractions is always a fraction but this is not true in case of LCM
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

Note The LCM and HCF of decimals can also be obtained from the above formulae (by converting the
decimal into fraction),

Ex. 9 Find the LCM of 0.6, 9.6 and 0.12.

Fast Track Techniques

to solve the QUESTIONS

Product of two numbers = HCF of the numbers x LCM of the numbers

Ex. 10 The LCM of 2 numbers is 2079 and their HCF is 27. https://telegram.me/pdf4exams
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone If the 1st number is 189, then find
the 2nd number. Sol. Here, LCM = 2079, HCF = 27,1st number = 189, 2nd number = ? According to the
formula, Product of two numbers = HCF x LCM

The greatest number which divides the numbers x, y and z, leaving remainders a, b and c re-
spectively is given by

HCF of (x-a), (y-b).(z-c)

[This formula is true for any number of numbers]

Ex. 11 Find the greatest number which divides 29,60 and 103 leaving remainders 5,12 and 7,
respectively. Sol. Given that,

x = 29, y = 60, z= 103

a = 5, b = 12 and c = 7 Now, according to the formula,

Required number = HCF of [(29 - 5), (60 - 12), (103 - 7)] = HCF of 24, 48, 96

∴ Factors of 24 = 2x2x2x3 = 23x31 Factors of 48 = 2x2x2x2x3 = 2* X31 Factors of 96 = 2x2x2x2x2x3 =

25 X31

∴ Required HCF of 24, 48 and 96 = 23 x 31 = 8 x 3 = 24 Hence, 24 is the required number.

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

The least number which when divided by x, y and z leaves the remainders a, b and c respectively,
is given by [LCM of (x,yz)h k.

where, k = (x - a) =(y - b) =(z - c)

[This formula is true for any number of numbers.]

Ex. 12 Find the least number which when divided by 24, 32 and 36 leaves the remainders 19, 27
and 31, respectively.

Sol. Given that,

x = 24, y = 32, z = 36, a = 19, 6 = 27 and c = 31 Then, 24 - 19 = 5,32 - 27 = 5,36 - 31 = 5

jfc = 5 According to the formula,

Required number = (LCM of 24, 32 and 36) - 5 Now, LCM of 24, 32 and 36 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 3 = 288
∴ Required number = 288 - 5 = 283

The least number which when divided by x, y and z leaves the same remainder k in each case,
is given by [LCM of (x, y,z) + k].

[This formula is true for any number of numbers.]

Ex. 13 Find the least number which when divided by 24, 30 and 54 leaves 5 as remainder in
each case.
Sol. Given that, x = 24, y = 30, z = 54 and k = 5 According to the formula,
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

Required number = [LCM of (24, 30 and 54)] + 5 Now, LCM of 24, 30, 54

∴ LCM = 2x3x4x5x9= 1080 ∴ Required number = 1080 + 5 = 1085

The greatest number that will divide x, y and z......leaving the same

remainder in each case, is given by[HCFof|x-y|,|y-z|,|z-x|......].

Ex.14 What is the greatest number that will divide 99, 123 and 183 leaving the same remainder
in each case? Also, find the common remainder.

Sol. Given that, x = 99, y = 123 and z = 183

Common remainder

.•. Clearly, the required common remainder = 3

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

When the HCF of each pair of n given numbers is a and their LCM is b, then the product
of these numbers is given by (a)n-1xbor (HCF)n_1xLCM

Ex. 15 There are five numbers. HCF of each possible pair is 4 and LCM of all the five numbers
is 27720. What will be the product of all the five numbers? Sol. Given, HCF = 4, LCM = 27720 and
n = 5 According to the formula, Required product = (HCF)n " ' xLCM

= (4)5"1 x 27720= (4)4 x 27720= 256 x 27720= 7096320

Useful Results

♦ If a is the HCF of two parts of b, then b must be divisible by a. This rule has been derived from
the proven fact that, if two numbers are divisible by a certain number, then their sum is also di-
visible by that number.

♦ If the two numbers are prime to each other (coprimes), then their HCF should be equal to 1
Conversely, if their HCF is equal to 1, the numbers are prime to each other.

♦ LCM of numbers which are prime to each other is the product of numbers itself,

♦ If k is the HCF of p and q, then

(i) k is the HCF of p and p + q also (ii) k is the HCF of p and q - p also

♦ LCM of numbers is always divisible by the HCF of given numbers i.e., if x is the LCM of a, b, c,
d and e and y is the HCF, then x is completely divisible by y

Ex. 16 Is it possible to divide 1394 into 2 parts such that their HCF may be 34?

Sol. If 34 is the HCF of two parts of 1394, then 1394 must be divisible by 34.

Hence, it is possible to divide 1394 into 2 parts such that their HCF may be 34.

Ex.1 7 Are 6 and 11 coprimes?

Sol. HCFof6andll
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Clearly, HCF of 6 and 11 is equal to 1. Therefore, 6 and 11 are coprimes or prime to each other.

The greatest n-digit number which when divided by x, y and z

(a) leaves no remainder.

Required number = n-digit greatest number - R

(b) leaves remainder k.

Required number = [n-digit greatest number - R] + k

where, R is the remainder obtained when n-digit greatest number is divided by

the LCM of x, y and z.

Ex. 18 Find the largest possible number of 5 digits which is exactly divisible by 32, 36 and 40.
Sol. Given, the numbers are 32,36 and 40. LCM of 32, 36 and 40 = 1440 Greatest 5-digit number = 99999

∴ Required number = 99999-639 = 99360

The smallest n-digit number which when divided by x, y and z https://telegram.me/pdf4exams
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone leaves

(a) no remainder.

Required number = [n-digit smallest number + (/_ -/?)] + 'k'

(b) remainder k.

Required number = [n-digit smallest number + {L-R)] + k where, R is the remainder obtained when
n-digit smallest number is divided by LCM of x, y and z. L is the LCM of x, y and z.

Ex. 19 Find the least possible 5-digit number, which when divided by 10, 12, 16 and 18 leaves re-
maindes 27.

Sol. First of all we will find the LCM of 10,12,16 and 18.

LCM =2x2x3x5x4x3 = 720 Smallest 5-digit number = 10000 On dividing 10000 by 720,

∴ Required number = 10000 + (720 - 640) + 27= 10000 +80 + 27= 10107

Method to Solve Questions Based on Bells

To solve such questions, following steps are used.

Step I Find the LCM of given time intervals.

Step II Obtained LCM is added to the initial time and result of this addition will be our answer (The
next time when bells ring together).
Note Before calculating LCM, make sure that all numbers are in thehttps://telegram.me/pdf4exams
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone same unit. This method is also applic-
able to runner running round a circular track traffic light growing at different intervals.

Ex. 20 Seven bells ring at intervals of 2,3,4,6, 8,9 and 12 min, respectively. They started ringing sim-
ultaneously at 5:00 in the morning. What will be the next time when they all ring simultaneously?
Sol. LCM of 2, 3,4,6,8,9 and 12

LCM = 2x2x2x3x3 = 72 min = 1 h 12 min .•. Required time = (5 + 1 :12) O'clock = 6:12 O'clock in the
morning.

Ex. 21 Six bells ring at intervals of 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 s, respectively. They started ringing simultan-
eously. How many times, will they ring together in 30 min? Sol. LCMof2,4,6.8.10andl2= 120

Multi Concept
QUESTIONS
1. What is the quotient, when LCM is divided by the HCF of geometric progression with first term a and
common ratio r?

(a)r"+1 (b)r""2 (c)r""1 (d)r" + 2

*+ (c) Given that,

First term = a and common ratio = r

:. Required GP = a, ar, ar2, ar3.......a/-"~1

HCF of the GP = a ; LCM of the GP = arn~y
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

2. What is the LCM of x2 + 2x - 8, x3 - 4x2 + 4x and x2 + 4x?

(a) x(x+ 4) (x- 2)2 (b) x(x+ 4) (x- 2) (c) x(x+ 4)(x+ 2)2 (d) x(x+ 4)2 (x- 2)

^ (a) x2 + 2x - 8 = x2 + 4x - 2x - 8 = x(x+ 4)-2 (x+ 4) = (x-2)(x+ 4) x3 - 4x2 + 4x = x3 -2x2 -2x2 + 4x

= x2 (x - 2) -2x (x -2) = (x2 -2x) (x - 2)

= x(x-2)(x-2) and x2 + 4x = x (x + 4)

Now, LCM of (x2 + 2x - 8), (x3 - 4x2 + 4x) and (x2 +4x)

= x(x - 2) (x + 4) (x -2) = x (x + 4) (x - 2)2

3. What is the HCF of 36 (3x4 + 5x3 - 2x2> 9 (6x3 + 4x? - 2x) and 54 (27x4 - x)?

[CDS 2012]

(a) 9x(x+1) (b) 9x(3x-1) (c) 18x(3x-1) (d) 18x(x+1)

w (C) Let P(x) = 36 (3x4 + 5x3 -2x2) = 36x2(3x2+ 5x-2) = 36x2{3x2 + 6x-x-2} = 36-x2{3x(x+2)-1(x+2)}
= 2x2x3x3xxxxx(x+2)(3x-1) Q(x) = 9 (6x3 + 4x2 - 2x) = 9x (6x2 + 4x - 2) = 18x(3x2 + 2x-1) = 18x{3x2 +
3x- x- 1} = 3 x 3 x 2 x x x (3x - 1) (x + 1) R(x) = 54 (27x4 - x) = 54x (27x3 - 1)

= 2x3x3x3xxx(3x-1) (9x2 + 3x + 1)

So, HCFof[P(x),Q(x), fl(x)]

= 2 x 3x 3x x(3x-1)=18x(3x-1)

Fast Track Practice

Exercise© Base Level Questions
1. Find the LCM of 8, 15, 24 and 72.
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

(a) 350 (b) 360 (c) 720 (d) 735 (e) None of the above

2. If three numbers are 2a, 5a and 7a, what will be their LCM? [Bank Clerks 2011 ]

(a) 70a (b) 65a (is; 75a (d) 70a3 fe; None of the above

3. Find the LCM of (2s x 3 x 52 x 7) (24 x 32 x 5 x 72 x 11) and (2 x 3s x 54)

4 3 4
[RRB 2008] fa; 2 x 3 x 5

(b) 2 x3x7 x5x11

(c; 24x33x54x72x11

(d) 24 x 34 x 54 x 7

4. Find the HCF of 132, 204 and 228.

(a) 12 (b) 18 (c; 6 (d; 21 fe; None of the above

5. What will be the HCF of (2 x 3 x 7 x 9), (2 x 3 x 9 x li; and (2x3x4x5)?

[SSC CGL 2008]

fa; 2 x 3 x 7 (b) 2 x 3 x 9

(c) 2 x 3 (d) 2 x 7 x 9 x 11
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

10. Which of the following will be the LCM of 0.25, 0.1 and 0.125?

(a) 0.25 (b) 0.005

(c) 0.05 (d) 0.5

fe; None of the above

11. Find the LCM of 2.5, 1.2, 20 and 7.5.

(a) 60 (b) 65 (c; 70 fc0 50 (e) None of the above

12. Product of two coprime numbers is 117. Then, their LCM is [SSC CGL 2013]

(a) 9 (b) 13 (c) 39 (d) 117

13. The product of HCF and LCM of 18 and 15 is [CDS 2012]

(a) 120 (b) 150 (c) 175 (d) 270

14. The LCM of two numbers is 2376 while their HCF is 33. If one of the number is 297, then the other number is [CDS
2013]

fa; 216 (b) 264 (c) 642 (d) 792

15. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 13 and 1989, respectively. If onehttps://telegram.me/pdf4exams
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone of the numbers is 117, then determine the
Other [DMRC (CRA) 2012]

fa; 121 (b) 131 (c) 221 (d) 231

16. The HCF of two numbers is 15 and their LCM is 225. If one of the numbers is 75, then find the another number.

[SSC CGL 2010]

fa; 105 (b) 90 fe; 60 (d) 45

17. If HCF of two numbers is 8, which of the following can never be their LCM?

[RBI Clerk 2007]

(a) 24 (b) 48

fe; 56 (d) 60

fe; None of the above

18. The difference of two numbers is 1/9 of their sum. Their sum is 45. Find the LCM. [SSC CGL 2007]

(a) 225 (b) 100

fe; 150 (d) 200

19. The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 and their HCF is 4. What will be their LCM?

[Hotel Mgmt. 2007]

(a) 12 (b) 16

fe; 24 (d) 48

fe; None of the above

20. The ratio of two numbers is 5 : 6 and their LCM is 480, then their HCF is

[SSC Multitasking 2013] (a) 20 (b) 16 (c) 6 (d) 5

21. The HCF of three numbers is 23. If they are in the ratio of 1: 2: 3,
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone then find the numbers.
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

(a) 69, 15, 22 (b) 23, 46, 69

(c) 25, 31, 41 (d) 23, 21, 35

(e) None of the above

22. Three numbers are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 and their LCM is 1200. Find the HCF of the numbers.

(a) 40 (b) 30 (c) 80 (d) 20 (e) None of the above

23. The HCF and LCM of two numbers m and n are respectively 6 and 210. If

24. If a number is exactly divisible by 11 and 13, which of the following types the number must be? [Hotel
Mgmt. 2008]

(a) Divisible by (11 + 13)

(b) Divisible by (13-11)

(c) Divisible by (11 x 13)

(d) Divisible by (13 + 11)

(e) None of the above

25. The LCM of two numbers is 48. The numbers are in the ratio of 2 : 3. Find the sum of the numbers.
[SSC (10+2) 2011]

(a) 28 (b) 32 (c) 40 (d) 64

26. Four numbers are in the ratio of 10:12:15: ia If their HCF is 3, then find their LCM.

(a) 420 (b) 540 (c) 620 (d) 680 (e) None of the above
27. The product of two whole numbers is 1500 and their HCF is 10.https://telegram.me/pdf4exams
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone Find the LCM.

[Bank Clerks 2008] (a) 15000fbJ 150 (c) 1500 (d) 15 (e) None of the above

28. If the HCF of a and 6 are 12 and a, 6 are positive integers and o > b > 12, then what will be the values
of a and 6?

[RRB2012] (a) 12,24 (b) 24,12 (c) 24,36 (d) 36,24

29. The sum of HCF and LCM of two numbers is 403 and their LCM is 12 times their HCF. If one number
is 93, then find the another number. [MBA 2007]

(a) 115 (b) 122

(c) 124 (d) 138

(e) None of the above

30. The LCM of two numbers is 495 and their HCF is 5. If sum of the numbers is 100, then find the differ-
ence of the numbers. [Hotel Mgmt. 2008]

(a) 10 (b) 46 (c) 70 (d) 90 (e) None of the above

31. The LCM of two numbers is 20 times of their HCF and (LCM + HCF) = 2520. If one number is 480,
what will be the triple of another number?

(a) 1200 (b) 1500 (c) 2100 (d) 1800 (e) None of the above

32. The sum of two numbers is 1056 and their HCF is 66, find the number of such pairs.

(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8 (e) None of the above

33. What is the smallest possible length that can be exactly measured by the scales of lengths 3 cm, 5 cm
and 10 cm?

(a) 15 cm (b) 30cm(cJ 28 cm (d) 40 cm (e) None of the above

34. What is the least number which is exactly divisible by 8, 9, 12, 15 and 18 and is also a perfect square?

(a) 3600 (b) 7200

(C) 5200 (d) 6500
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(e) None of the above

35. Find the greatest number of 3-digits which when divided by 6, 9, 12 leaves 3 as remainder in each case.

[CBI 2008, BOI 2007]

(a) 975 (b) 996

(c) 903 (d) 939

(e) None of the above

36. What will be the greatest number that divides 1356, 1868 and 2764 leaving 12 as remainder in each
case? [Delhi Police 2007]

(a) 64 (b) 124

(c) 156 (d) 260

37. Find the greatest number that divides 130, 305 and 245 leaving remainders 6, 9 and 17, respectively?
[RBI Clerk 2008]

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 14 (d) 24 (e) None of the above

38. What will be the greatest number that divides 1023 and 750 leaving remainders 3 and 2, respectively?

(a) 68 (b) 65 (C) 78 (d) 19 (e) None of the above

39. In a store, there are 345 L mustard oil, 120 L sunflower oil and 225 L soyabean oil. What will be the
capacity of the largest container to measure the above three types of oil?

(a) 8 L (b) 20 L (c) 23 L (d) 15 L (e) None of the above

40. The least number which should be added to 2497, so that the sum is exactly divisible by 5, 6, 4 and 3,
is

(a) 3 (b) 13 (c) 23 (d) 33 (e) None of the above

41. Find the largest number which divides 1305, 4665 and 6905 leaving
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone same remainder in each case. Also,
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams
find the common remainder. [CBI Clerk 2009]

(a) 1210, 158 (b) 1120, 158

(c) 1120, 185 (d) 1210, 185

(e) None of the above

42. The least number which when divided by 12, 16 and 18 leaves 5 as remainder in each case. Find the
number.

[RBI Clerk 2009] (a) 139 (b) 144 (c) 149 (d) 154 (e) None of the above

43. What is the greatest number that divides 13850 and 17030 leaves a remainder 17?

[CDS 2012] (a) 477 (b) 159 (c) 107 (d) 87

44. The HCF and LCM of two natural numbers are 12 and 72, respectively. What is the difference between
the two numbers, if one of the number is 24?

[CDS 2012]

(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 21 (d) 24

45. What will be the least number which when divided by 12, 21 and 35 leaves 6 as remainder in each
case? [UP Police 2007]

(a) 426 (b) 326 (c) 536 (d) 436

46. What is the least number which when diminished by 7, is divisible by each one of 21, 28, 36 and 45?

(a) 1255 (b) 1177 (c) 1265 (d) 1267

(e) None of the above

What is the least number which when increased by 9, is divisible by each one of 24, 32, 36 and 54?

(a) 855 (b) 890 (c) 756 (d) 895

(e) None of the above
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48. Find the least number which when divided by 16, 18 and 20 leaves a remainder 4 in each case, but is
completely divisible by 7.

(a) 2884 (b) 2256 (c) 865 (d) 3332 (e) None of the above

49. What is the greatest four digit number which when divided by 10, 15, 21 and 28 leaves remainders 4,
9, 15 and 22, respectively? [LIC ADO 2008]

(a) 9654 (b) 9666 (c) 9664 (d) 9864 (e) None of the above

50. How many numbers are there between 4000 and 6000 which are exactly divisible by 32, 40, 48 and
60?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

51. Three pieces of timber 84 m, 98 m and 126 m long have to be divided into planks of the same length.
What is the greatest possible length of each plank?

(a) 14 m (b) 28 m (c) 7 m (d) 21 m (e) None of the above

52. In a school, all the students can stand in a row, so that each row has 5, 9 or 10 students. Find the least
number of students in the school.

[SSC CGL 2008] (a) 90 (b) 95 (C) 85 (d) 100

Exercise © Higher Skill Level Questions

1. If (x - 6) is the HCF of xL - 2x -24 and x — kx - 6, then what is the value of kl

[CDS 2012]

(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8

2. If a and b are positive integers, then what is the value of

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

3. What is the HCF of 8 (x5 - x3 + x) and 28(*6+l)? [CDS 2014]

{a) 4 (x4 - x2 + 1) (b) x3 - x + 4x2 (c) x3 - x + 3x2 (d) None of these

4. The HCF of {x4 - y4) and (x6 - y6) is

[CDS 2013]

(a)x2-/2 (b)x-y

(c) x3 - y3 (d) x4 - y4

5. The HCF of (x3 - y2 - 2x) and (x3 + x2) is [CDS 2013]

(a) x3 - x2 - 2x

(b) x2 + x

(c) x4-x3-2x2 fc!) x-2

6. What is the HCF of a2b4 + 2a2b2 and

(abj7 - Aa bl [CDS 2013]

(a) ab (b) a2b3

(c) a2b2 (d) a3b2

7. For any integer n, what is HCF (22ra + 7, 33re + 10) equal to? [CDS 2014]

(a) 0 (b) 1

(c) 11 (d) None of these

8. For any integers a and b with HCF (a, 6) = ; what is HCF (o + b, a - b) equal to? [CDS 2013]
(a) It is always 1
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(b) It is always 2

(c) Either 1 or 2

fc/J None of the above

9. In a fire range, 4 shooters are firing at their respective targets. The first, the second, the third and the
fourth shooter hit the target once in every 5 s, 6 s, 7 s and 8 s, respectively. If all of them hit their targets at
9:00 am, when will they hit their targets together again?

[CDS 2014]

(a) 9 : 04 am

(b) 9 : 08 am

(c) 9 : 14 am

(d) None of the above

10. Three hells chime at intervals of 48, 60 and 90 min, respectively. If all the three bells chime together at
10:00 am, at what time will all the three chime again that day? [IB Grade II 2012]

(a) 1:00 pm (b) 2:00 pm

(c) 8:00 pm (d) 10:00 pm

11. Five bells begin to toll together at intervals of 9 s, 6 s, 4 s, 10 s and 8 s, respectively. How many times
will they toll together in the span of 1 h (excluding the toll at the start)?

[Bank Clerks 2007]

(a) 5

(b) 8

(c) 10
(d) Couldn't be determined
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(e) None of the above

12. Monica, Veronica and Rachat begin to jog around a circular stadium. They complete their revolutions
in 42 s, 56 s and 63 s, respectively. After how many seconds will they be together at the starting point?
[Bank Clerks 2008]

(a) 366

(b) 252

(c) 504

(d) Couldn't be determined

(e) None of the above

13. A General can draw up his soldiers in the rows of 10, 15 or 18 soldiers and he can also draw them up
in the form of a solid square. Find the least number of soldiers with the General. [SSC CGL 2007]

(a) 100 (b) 3600 (c) 900 (d) 90

14. 6 bells commence tolling together and toll of intervals are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 s, respectively. In 1 h,
how many times, do they toll together?

(a) 16 (b) 32 (c) 21 (d) 35 (e) None of the above

15. Find the greatest possible length which can be used to measure exactly the lengths 7 m, 3 m 85 cm and
12 m 95 cm.

(a) 15 cm (b) 25 cm

(c) 35 cm (d) 42 cm

(e) 45 cm

16. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 21 and 4641, respectively. If one of the numbers lies between
200 and 300, then find the two numbers.
(a) 273, 363 (b) 273, 359
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

(C) 273, 361 (d) 273, 357

(e) None of the above

17. Find the side of the largest possible square slabs which can be paved on the floor of a room 2 m 50 cm
long and 1 m 50 cm broad. Also find the number of such slabs to pave the floor. [LIC AAO 2007]

(a) 25, 20 (b) 30, 15

(c) 50, 15 (d) 55, 10

(e) None of the above

18. When in each box 5 or 6 dozens of apples were packed, three dozens were left. Therefore, bigger boxes
were taken to pack 8 or 9 dozens of apples. However, still three dozens of apples remained. What was the
least number of dozens of apples to be packed?

(a) 363 dozens (b) 315 dozens (c) 345 dozens (d) 335 dozens (e) None of the above

Answer with Solutions

Exercise © Base Level Questions
1. (6) By prime factorisation method, Factors of 8 = 2x2x2 = 23

Factors of 15 = 3 X 5 = 31 X 51

Factors of 24 = 2 X 2 X 2 X 3 = 23 X 31

Factors of 72 = 2x2x2x3x3 = 23 X 32

Here, the prime factors that occur in the given numbers are 2, 3 and 5 and their highest powers are 2 ,3 and 5 .

∴ Required LCM = 23 X 32 X 51 = 360 By division method,

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

LCM = 2x2x2x3x5x3 = 360

2. (a) Required LCM = ax2x5x7 = 70a

3. (c) Given prime factors,

(23 X 3 X 5Z X 7); (2^ X3Z X 5 X f_ X 11); (2xf X5^]

.'. Required LCM = Product of prime factors

having highest powers

= 24 x33 X54 X7Z x 11

4. (a) At the 1st step, we take the two numbers 132 and 204.

HCF of 132 and 204

Hence, HCF of 132, 204 and 228 = 12. 5. (c) Given factors,

2X3X7X9; 2X3X9X11; 2X3X4X5

.'. Required HCF = Product of common prime factors having least powers = 2x3
6. (c) We know that,
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

10. (e) Required LCM = (LCM of 250, 100 and 125) X 0.001 LCM of 250, 100 and 125

∴ LCM = 2X5X5X5X2= 500

∴ Required LCM = 500 X 0.001 = 0.5

11. (a) Required LCM = (LCM of 25, 12, 200 and 75) X 0.1 LCM of 25, 12, 200, 75

LCM = 2X2X3X5X5X2 = 600 ∴ Required LCM = 600 x 0.1 = 60

12. (d) LCM of two coprimes is equal to their product.

13. (d) HCF of 18 and 15
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

18 = 2X3 X3

15 = 3X 15 = 3 LCM of 18 and 15 = 2x3x3x5 = 90 /. Product of HCF and LCM of both numbers = 3 X 90 = 270

14. (6) Given, LCM of two numbers = 2376 HCF of two numbers = 33

One of the number = 297 ■.• (HCF of two numbers)

x (LCM of two numbers) = (First number) X (Second number)

15. (c) Given,

LCM = 1989 HCF = 13 1st number =117 and 2nd number = ? According to the formula, Product of LCM and HCF

= Product of two numbers

17. (d) We know that, LCM of two numbers must be the multiple of their HCF. In the given options 60 is not a multiple
of 8 and hence 60 cannot be the LCM of the numbers.

18. (6) Let the numbers be x and y. According to the question,

x + y = 45 ...(i)
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

∴ Required LCM = 5x5x4 = 100

19. (d) According to the question, 1 st number = 3 m 2nd number = 4 m where, m = HCF But given, m = 4 We know
that,

20. (6) Let numbers are 5x and 6x. Now, HCF of these two numbers is x. We know that,

LCM x HCF = Product of two numbers

=> 480 X x = 5x X 6x

=> 480x = 30x2 =>x = 16

21. (6) Let the numbers are x, 2x and 3x. Where, x = HCF

Given that, x = 23

∴ The number are 23, 46 and 69.

22. (d) Let the numbers are 3x, 4x and 5x. Where, x=HCF

Then, LCM = 60x According to the question, 60x = 1200 x = 20

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

24. (C) LCM of 11 and 13 will be (11 x 13). Hence, if a number is exactly divisible by 11 and 13, then the same number
must be exactly divisible by their LCM or by (11 X 13).

25. (C) Let numbers are 2x and 3x. According to the question,

6x = 48 => x = 8 (••• LCM = 6x)

.". Required sum = (2x + 3x) = 5x = 5 X 8 = 40

26. (6) Let numbers be lOx, 12x, 15x and 18x. Then, LCM = 180x

As HCF = x

Hence, required LCM = 180 X 3 = 540

27. (6) Given that, product of two numbers

= 1500 HCF= 10

According to the formula, Product of two numbers = HCF X LCM => 1500 = 10 X LCM

28. (d) By Hit and Trial

From option (d), we can say that the HCF of 36 and 24 is 12 and it is also satisfies the given condition

a> b> 12 a = 36 and b = 24

29. (C) Let LCM = m, HCF = n, According to the question,

m = 12n, ...(i)

and m + n = 403 ...(ii)

=> 12n + n = 403 [from Eq. (i)]

=> 13n = 403
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30. (a) Given, LCM = 495, HCF = 5 Let 1st number = x, 2nd number = y xy = 495 X 5 [as product of two numbers =
HCF x LCM] => xy = 2475

We know that,

(x - yf = (x + yf - 4xy

= (100)Z -4 X2475 = 10000 -9900 = 100

31. (d) Let HCF = x

According to the question, LCM = 20x Given that. HCF + LCM = 2520

Now, LCM = 20x = 20 X 120 = 2400

We know that,

1st number X 2nd number = HCF X LCM

∴ Required answer = 600 X 3 = 1800

32. (c) Let the numbers be 66a and 66jb, where a and b are coprimes. According to the question,
66a + 66£ = 1056 => 66 (a + b) = 1056
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

/. Possible values of a and b are

(a = l,i = 15), (a = 3,6 = 13). (a = 5,i> = ll), (a = 7,£ = 9)

.". Numbers are

(66 X 1,66 X 15), (66 X 3,66 X 13), (66 X 5,66 X 11), (66 X 7,66 X 9). /. Possible number of pairs = 4

33. (6) Required length

= LCM of 3 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm = 30 cm

34. (a) Required number = Multiples of LCM Now. LCM of 8. 9. 12. 15 and 18

∴ LCM =2X2X3X3X2X5 = 360 /. The factors make it clear that to make a perfect square 360 must be multiplied by
(2X5).

∴ Required number = 360 X 2 X 5 = 3600 35. (a) Greatest number of 3-digits = 999 LCM of 6, 9, 12

36. (a) Given that, x = 1356, y = 1868, z = 2764 a = b = c = 12 According to the formula, Required number = HCF of
[(1356 - 12),
(1868 -12), (2764 -12)] = HCF of (1344.1856 and 2752)
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

∴ HFC of 1344, 1856 and 2752 = 64 Hence, required number = 64

37. (a) Given that,

x = 130,7 = 305, z = 245 a = 6, b = 9, c = 17 According to the formula, Required number = HCF of

[(130 - 6), (305 - 9), (245 - 17)] = HCF of 124, 296, 228 = 4

38. (a) Given that,

x = 1023, y = 750, a = 3, b = 2

.'. Required number

= HCF of [(1023 - 3), (750 - 2)] = HCF of 1020 and 748

.'. Required number = 68

39. (d) Required capacity = HCF of 345 L, 120 L and 225 L
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

/. Required capacity of container to measure the oil = 15 L

40. (c) LCM of 5, 6, 4 and 3 = 60

On dividing 2497 by 60, the remainder is 37. ∴ Number to be added = 60-37 = 23

41. (c) Given that,

x = 1305, y = 4665, z = 6905 Then,

.•. Required number

= HCF of 3360, 2240 and 5600 = 1120 On dividing 1305 by 1120, remainder is 185. On dividing 4665 by 1120, re-
mainder is 185. On dividing 6905 by 1120, remainder is 185. .'. Common remainder =185

42. (c) Given, x = 12, y = 16, z = 18, k = 5 According to the formula,

Required number = (LCM of x, y and z) + k

= (LCM of 12, 16, 18) + 5 LCM of 12, 16, 18 is

∴https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone
LCM = 2X2X3X4X3 =144 .'. Required number = 144 + 5 = 149 https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

43. (b) When divide 13850 and 17030 by the number, the remainder is 17. So, find HCF of(13850-17) and (17030 -17)
i.e., 13833 and 17013. Here,

47. (a) LCM of 24, 32, 36, 54

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

LCM = 2x2x2x3x3x3x4 = 864 .'. Required number = LCM — 9 = 864-9 = 855

48. (a) LCM of 16, 18 and 20 = 720 .'. Required number = 720k + 4

where, k is a natural number to be divisible by 7, (720 k + 4) will be a multiple of 7. Smallest value of k = 4 ∴ Required
number = 720 X 4 + 4 = 2884

49. (a) LCM of 10, 15, 21 and 28

LCM = 2X3X5X7X2 =420 Larqest number of 4-diqits = 9999

/. Remainder = 339

.'. Four-digit number divisible by 10, 15, 21

and 28 = 9999 - 339 = 9660

Also, k= 10 -4 = 15-9 = 21-15,

28-22 = 6 /. Required number = (9660 - k)

= (9660 - 6)

= 9654
50. (C) LCM of 32, 40, 48 and 60 = 480
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The number divisible by 480 between 4000 and 6000 are 4320, 4800, 5280 and 5760. Hence, required number of num-
bers are 4.

51. (a) Required length = HCF of 84m, 98 m and 126 m

HCF of 84, 98 and 126

.". Required length = 14 m

52. (Q) Least number of students = LCM of 5, 9, 10

LCM of 5, 9, 10

LCM = 5X9X2 = 90 .'. Required number of students = 90

Exercise © Higher SkiU Level Questions

1. (6) Given that, (x-6) is the HCF of xz - 2x - 24 and x2 - kx - 6 i.e.,(x - 6) is a factor of both expressions. Let /(Xj) = x2
- 2xj - 24

and /(x2) = x2 — kxz — 6

Now, f(x{) = /(x2) at (X! = x2 = 6)

=> (6)2 - 2(6) - 24 = (6)2 - £(6) - 6

[by condition] => 0 =30 -6£:=>6i: = 30 k = 5

https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

3. (a) Let p(x) = 8(x5 - x3 + x)

= 4 X 2 X x (x4 - x2 + 1)

and q(x) = 28(x6 + 1)

= 7X4 [(x2)3 + (l)3]

= 4 X 7 X (x2 + 1) (x4 - x2 + 1)

∴HCF of p(x) and q(x) = 4 (x4 - x2 + 1)

4. (£2) Let f(x) = (x4 - y4)

= (x2 - y2) (x2 + y2) = (x - y) (x + 7) (x2 + y2) and gr(x) = (x6 - y6)

= (x3)2 - (y3)2

= (x3 + y3) (x3 - y3)

= (x+y)(x2 -xy+ y2) (x - y)

(x2 + xy+y2) = (x - y) (x + y) (x2 - xy + y2) (x2 + xy + y2) ∴HCF of [/(x), gr(x)] = (x - y) (x + y) = x2-y2
5. (c) Let /(x) = x3 - xz - 2x = x (x2 - x - 2)
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

= x {x2 - 2x + x - 2)

= x {x (x - 2) + 1 (x - 2)}

= x (x + 1) (x - 2) and g(x) = x + x

= x2 (x+ 1) = xx(x + 1) ∴ LCM of [f(x), gr(x)] = x (x + 1) • x • (x - 2)

= x2 (x + 1) (x - 2)

= x2 (x2 - x-2)

= x4-x3-2x2

6. (c) a2i>4 + 2a2i2 = a2i>2 (i2 + 2) ...(i) and (ab)7 - 4azb9 = a''V - 4a2 jb9

= a2£2 (a5jb5-4jb7) ...(ii) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), HCF = aV

7. (6) HCF of (22n + 7,33n + 10) is always 1.

Illustration

For n = 1, HCF (29,43) => HCF = 1 For n = 2, HCF (51,76) => HCF = 1 For n = 3, HCF (73,109) => HCF = 1

8. (c) Putting arbitrary values of a and £>. Illustration 1 Let a = 9 and b = S

HCF (8 + 9,9-8)

HCF (17,1) = 1 Illustration 2 Let a = 23 and b = 17

HCF (17+ 23,23-17)

HCF (40,6) = 2 Hence HCF(a + b,a- b) can either be 1 or 2.

9. (c) Time after which they will hit the target aaain toaether = LCM (5,6,7 and 8)
=https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone
5X3X7X2X4 =840s https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

They will hit together again at 9 : 14 am.

10. (d) We have to find out the LCM of 48, 60 and 90.

∴ LCM = 2x3x2x5x2x2x3

/. Bell chime together again

= 10 :00 am+ 12 h= 10 :00 pm

11. (C) The bells will toll together after time in seconds equal to the LCM of 9, 6, 4, 10 and 8. LCM of 9, 6,4, 10 and 8
is

∴ LCM = 2X2X3X3X5X2 = 360 In one hour, the rings will toll together

12. (c) Required time = LCM of 42, 56 and 63 s LCM of 42, 56, 63 is
https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/pdf4exams

.'. Required time = 2x3x7x4x3= 504 s 13. (c) LCM of 10, 15 and 18 is

LCM = 2X3X5X3 = 90 To make it perfect square, we multiply it with 2 x 5 = 10

.". Required number of soldiers 90 X10 =900

14. (e) LCM of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12

= (2X2X3X2X5) = 120 /. After every 2 min, they toll together. .". Number of times they toll together in one hour

15. (c) Required length = HCF of 7 m, 3 m 85 cm, 12 m 95 cm = HCF of 700 cm, 385 cm, 1295 cm

Hence, required length is 35 cm.

16. (d) Let the numbers be 21a and 21Jb, where a and b are coprimes. Then, 21a X 21 b = (21 X 4641) => aft = 221

Two coprimes with product 221 are 13 and 17.

∴https://telegram.me/Banking_Zone
Required number = (21x13,21x17) = (273,357) 17. (c) HCF of 250 cm andhttps://telegram.me/pdf4exams
150 cm

18. (a) For such type of questions, remember the following method. Required number of apples

= (LCM of 5, 6, 8, 9) + 3 LCM of 5, 6, 8, 9 is

∴ LCM = 2X3X5X4X3= 360 .". Required number of apples

= 360 + 3 = 363